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The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's consulting sector is undergoing a period of unprecedented transformation, ...

Saudi Arabia's Consulting Boom : Vision, Transformation, and the New Economic Frontier

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By Mostafa Ali & Salomé Nabeth

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From Oil Tides to a Diversified Horizon: The Genesis of KSA's Consulting Sector

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The early contours of Saudi Arabia's consulting market were largely sculpted by its overwhelming dependence on hydrocarbon wealth. During the era of King Abdullah, advisory services, much like the broader economy, remained "closely tied to fluctuations in oil revenues". Economic activity, including government expenditure, dutifully "followed the price of hydrocarbons". In this climate, the government functioned as "both the primary regulator and client," leading to a cyclical pattern where "Spending on infrastructure, tech, and advisory services would surge during oil booms, only to tighten again when prices fell". This created an inherently unstable demand environment, making sustained growth for advisory services a challenging proposition.

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This reliance on oil revenues had a deeper, more structural impact. The immense wealth generated by oil arguably fostered a form of "Dutch Disease," a phenomenon where a significant influx of income from natural resources leads to the weakening of other economic sectors. This extended beyond purely economic symptoms to affect the development of indigenous strategic planning and execution capabilities within governmental and quasi-governmental bodies. The "easy money" effect from resource exports could reduce incentives for economic diversification and weaken economic reforms, as authorities might focus more on distributing rent revenues than developing competitive industries. With less immediate pressure to cultivate diversified economic sectors and the complex management skills they entail, government spending, directly linked to oil income, often prioritized tangible infrastructure projects or wealth distribution over nuanced policy development or organizational transformation. Consequently, when complex advisory needs arose, the default was often to look externally, as internal capacity for such strategic roles had not been systematically nurtured. This created a vacuum that consultancies, predominantly international at the time, were positioned to fill, but it also perpetuated a cycle of external dependency for strategic thought and complex problem-solving.

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Within this environment, local consulting firms, particularly "Before 2015, struggled to gain traction". Their limitations were symptomatic of a broader, less developed local business ecosystem. Operating "Without integrated digital tools or strong operational capabilities," these firms functioned at a "limited capacity", unable to compete effectively with the scale and perceived expertise of global players. The boom-bust cycle tied to oil prices further exacerbated their predicament. Unlike large international firms with diversified global revenue streams and substantial financial cushions, local entities found it exceedingly difficult to achieve sustainablegrowth or weather the inevitable downturns in government spending on advisory services. This inherent instability likely deterred investment in local firms, reinforcing the dominance of international consultancies that could absorb such market shocks. Despite the Kingdom having thousands of consulting firms, only a small percentage (around 5%) were locally owned, highlighting this imbalance.

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However, even during this period, foundational changes were quietly underway. "King Abdullah’s scholarship programs had sent thousands of Saudis abroad for education". While perhaps not explicitly designed at the time to bolster a nascent consulting sector, this initiative represented significant, long-term strategic investment in national intellectual capital. These programs planted "the seeds of a skilled workforce that would later return to drive transformation", addressing a critical gap in local expertise. The King Abdullah Scholarship Program (KASP), the largest in Saudi history, significantly increased educational opportunities, particularly for women, aligning with broader social reforms and the subsequent Vision 2030's aim to boost female workforce participation. By 2017-2018, women constituted 31% of state scholarship participants studying abroad. The program was restructured over time to align with the Kingdom's changing labor market needs and economic development goals, aiming to benefit the Kingdom from the enhanced education of its populace.6 The exposure of these students to different economic models, advanced business practices, and diverse problem-solving approaches in international academic institutions created a latent potential. Upon their return, these individuals brought not just degrees but new perspectives and a drive to implement change, eventually becoming crucial in staffing new government initiatives, private sector ventures, and, significantly, the burgeoning local consulting firms. Their unique blend of global best practices and an intrinsic understanding of the local Saudi context would, in time, become a formidable competitive advantage.

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Vision 2030 : The Great Accelerator of Consulting Demand

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The landscape of Saudi Arabia's consulting sector, and indeed its entire economic paradigm, experienced a seismic shift with the advent of Vision 2030. "Everything accelerated after 2017 with the launch of Vision 2030," a comprehensive blueprint "spearheaded by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman," which "laid out a bold path toward economic diversification and modernization". This was not merely a new set of policies; it represented a fundamental re-imagining of the Saudi economy, a strategic pivot away from oil dependency towards a diversified, knowledge-based future, aiming to increase the private sector's GDP contribution to 65% by 2030. The sheer ambition of this vision inherently created an unprecedented and sustained demand for strategic advice, sophisticated planning, and robust implementation support across a multitude of sectors. The Kingdom's spending on consulting services surged significantly, with some estimates indicating a 17.5% increase to nearly €2 billion annually compared to 2022, making Saudi Arabia a colossal client for firms like BCG.

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This marked a fundamental departure from a historically reactive economic management style, which primarily responded to oil price fluctuations, to a proactive, strategic nation-building endeavor. Such a profound transformation necessitates a completely different scale and typology of consulting services one focused on creating entirely new industries, reforming governance structures, driving societal change, and fostering innovation, rather than merely optimizing existing operations or managing cyclical infrastructure spending. This shift has engendered a sustained, high-level demand for consulting that, while not entirely immune to broader economic conditions (overall GCC consulting market growth is expected to slow slightly from 13.3% in 2024 to 12% in 2025, reaching $8.3 billion), is significantly less susceptible to the short-term volatility of oil prices. The Saudi consulting market itself saw growth of 38% in 2022 and 25% in 2023, with a projected 13% for 2025.

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Central to this national overhaul is the Public Investment Fund (PIF), which has become "a pillar of this shift". Wielding "over SAR 2.6 trillion in assets" (managing assets worth US$930 billion as of early 2025), the PIF has aggressively "poured investments into new sectors tourism, entertainment, sports, infrastructure and birthed mega-projects like NEOM". Giga-projects such as NEOM, Red Sea Global (formerly The Red Sea Project), Qiddiya, Roshn, and Diriyah are central to this strategy. NEOM, a $500 billion city, and other large-scale developments like the $15 billion AlUla cultural project and the King Salman Park, the world's largest urban park, create immense opportunities for consulting firms. The colossal scale of PIF's investments planning to increase the private sector's share of GDP to 65% by 2030 and focusing on 13 key industry sectors and the novelty of many of these target sectors for the Kingdom meant that deep consulting expertise became indispensable. These "ambitious ventures demanded robust advisory support" for a wide spectrum of needs, including feasibility studies, market entry strategies, "operational design, digital architecture, and execution". The PIF aims to increase its and its subsidiaries' contribution to local content to 60% by 2025 through its "Musaama" program.

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The PIF's role extends far beyond that of a conventional investor; it acts as an "ecosystem creator". By initiating mega-projects (14 giga projects in total) and seeding new industries, it generates concentric circles of economic activity and, consequently, demand for consulting services. Each new PIF-backed entity or project, such as NEOM (a planned $1.5 trillion development), Qiddiya entertainment city, or the Roshn residential developments, becomes a nucleus. This generates initial consulting demand for master planning (Qiddiya Investment Company collaborated with Bjarke Ingels Group for its master plan), financial modeling, and infrastructure design for the primary project. Subsequently, secondary demand arises from hotels, transport companies, entertainment providers (Saudi Entertainment Ventures, a Qiddiya company, plans a $13 billion investment in 21 entertainment attractions), and myriad service industries seeking to operate within or support these new destinations. Further, tertiary demand emerges from regulatory bodies overseeing these new activities, workforce development agencies training the necessary human capital, and marketing firms branding these new ecosystems. The PIF is also actively partnering with international firms to accelerate growth and transfer technology and knowledge, such as its MoU with Goldman Sachs Asset Management to anchor new private credit and public equity funds focused on Saudi Arabia and the GCC.

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The impact of Vision 2030 is evident in the broadening scope of advisory needs. Previously, "Tourism was largely confined to pilgrimage". Today, "the transformation is visible everywhere: cultural agencies organize festivals and performances; sports committees form around football, skydiving, and squash; infrastructure projects accelerate as Saudi Arabia prepares to host the World Cup and other global events". Saudi Arabia's hosting of the 2034 FIFA World Cup is set to further boost infrastructure and consulting spend. Each of these burgeoning areas "urban planning, entertainment, and environmental rehabilitation" requires specialized consulting support, signifying a maturing and diversifying market for advisory services. This includes a significant push towards sustainability, with a $266 billion investment planned for green initiatives, aiming for 50% renewable energy by 2030, creating demand for clean energy advisory services.

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A critical driver for this heightened consulting demand is the "implementation imperative" embedded within Vision 2030. The vision is not merely a collection of aspirational goals; it is accompanied by aggressive timelines and an unwavering focus on execution. Before the current transformation, the government "managed a massive portfolio of initiatives but lacked structures for tracking outcomes". The establishment of Vision Realization Offices (VROs) within ministries such as the Ministry of Health's VRO for the Healthcare Transformation Strategy, and a general focus on transformation governance bodies (including PMOs, TMOs, and VROs) highlight this shift. Surveys show that a significant portion of transformation programs (60%) focus on internal optimization, business process optimization (22%), and technology/digital adoption (20%) to achieve organizational goals and align with national metrics. This historical context underscore the vital need for consultancies that can not only advise but also actively support project management, build capabilities within government agencies, and oversee the rollout of complex, multi-stakeholder initiatives. This has led to longer, more embedded consulting engagements focused on delivering tangible results.

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The following table summarizes the key economic drivers under Vision 2030 and the corresponding demand generated for consulting services:

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Table 1 : Key Economic Drivers and Resulting Consulting Demand in KSA Post-Vision 2030

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Digitalization and Financial Modernization: Carving New Consulting Niches

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Parallel to the grand-scale diversification efforts under Vision 2030, targeted government initiatives in digitalization and financial sector reform have acted as potent catalysts, forging entirely new and specialized markets for consulting services. These reforms are not merely internal administrative improvements; they are fundamentally reshaping how both government and the private sector operate, thereby generating specific and often urgent advisory needs. The digital transformation consulting services market in Saudi Arabia was valued at $1.4 billion in 2023 and is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 23.5% through 2029, while the broader digital transformation market is expected to reach nearly $70 billion by 2030 with a CAGR of 30.9% from 2025.

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A cornerstone of this modernization drive has been "the digitalization of government processes," recognized as a "key milestone" in the Kingdom's transformation agenda. A prime exemplar is "Etimad, the Ministry of Finance’s unified procurement platform," which has effectively "streamlined tenders, contracts, and payments". This platform aims to increase transparency in governmental tenders, enhance spending efficiency, and boost SME participation. By 2025, Etimad had processed over 32 million transactions with a 96% digital rate and an 85% use satisfaction rate. This initiative has done more than enhance efficiency; it has pushed "government agencies and private sector players to adopt standardized, transparent workflows". The mandatory shift to such digital platforms created an immediate and substantial demand for consulting services in areas like business process reengineering, technology selection and implementation (especially in cloud computing, data analytics, cybersecurity, and AI), robust change management programs, and extensive training modules for public and private sector entities alike as they adapted to these new sophisticated systems. This government-led push for digitalization acts as a powerful forcing function, compelling greater transparency, standardization, and efficiency across the public sector and its manifold interactions with private enterprises. The ripple effect extends to private companies, which are now compelled to upgrade their own systems and processes to interface effectively with these new governmental digital infrastructures, thereby creating further consulting demand for their own internal transformations and compliance adjustments.

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Simultaneously, "the Saudi Central Bank (SAMA) advanced the financial ecosystem with platforms like eSAMA and the Open Banking Lab". SAMA launched its Open Banking Framework in November 2022 and the Open Banking Lab in January 2023, with a focus on Payment Initiation Services (PIS) in early 2024. These strategic moves have "modernized the sector and opened space for consulting firms to support fintech development, compliance, and strategy". Open banking allows third-party providers to access financial data with customer consent, enabling innovative solutions like personalized financial products and seamless payment systems. This has spurred the growth of fintech apps and platforms like Tarabut Gateway, Drahim.sa, and Spare, which leverage open banking APIs. This is a clear illustration of how proactive policymaking can directly cultivate new, high-value consulting niches. SAMA's initiatives are not merely about enhancing the financial sector in isolation; they are critical enablers of the broader economic diversification goals. A modern, agile, and increasingly open financial system is indispensable for supporting the growth of new industries particularly fintech, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and innovative startups all of which are central to Vision 2030. This, in turn, fuels demand for specialized financial, regulatory, and technology consulting to help new fintechs navigate the evolving regulatory landscape (including robust data security and cyber risk management), for incumbent banks to adapt their models, and for businesses across sectors to leverage new financial tools and platforms.

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The sheer scale and pace of digital transformation in core government functions are vividly illustrated by the overhaul of the budgeting process. "Until 2017, agencies managed their budgets with outdated spreadsheets and paper records". In a remarkably short period, a radical shift has occurred: "Now, more than 220 entities are expected to submit digitalized budgets by October each year". This represents "a radical shift requiring comprehensive training, implementation, and coordination under intense time pressure". Such a "compressed transformation," implementing profound systemic changes across a vast number of organizations against tight deadlines, creates an acute, short-to-medium-term surge in demand for consultants. These consultants must possess the capabilities to manage large-scale, complex projects, deliver results swiftly, and often navigate environments requiring skills in crisis management and rapid deployment. The success of this ambitious digitalization drives significantly on the effective and timely deployment of such specialized consulting resources. The healthcare sector, for example, has seen investments of almost $15 billion in ICT infrastructure since the establishment of a National Digital Transformation Unit, with a focus on telemedicine, EHRs, and AI to improve efficiency and accessibility.

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The Ascendance of Local Expertise: Reshaping the Competitive Landscape

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As Saudi Arabia's economy has matured and its strategic priorities have sharpened under Vision 2030, the competitive dynamics within its consulting market have undergone a significant realignment. This shift has seen the challenges faced by previously dominant international consultancies grow, while simultaneously charting the rise of local firms, increasingly led by Saudi professionals equipped with international experience and a nuanced understanding of the Kingdom's unique context. By 2022, foreign firms had nearly monopolized the Saudi consultancy market.

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"Early on, global giants like Accenture and PwC dominated" the Saudi consulting scene, alongside other major players like McKinsey, BCG, Deloitte, and EY. However, as the market evolved and client expectations became more sophisticated, "challenges quickly surfaced". Among the primary sticking points were "Cultural mismatches, high fees, and imported strategies that didn’t adapt to local realities". These issues often led to suboptimal outcomes or implementation difficulties, with criticisms including questionable advice, shallow presentations, and even "copy-paste consulting" where deliverables for other countries were reused. The economic rationale for a shift became particularly compelling when considering cost structures; for instance, "international firms often billed director-level consultants at 250,000 SAR per month while local talent could deliver similar outcomes for a fraction of the cost". This stark differential, coupled with a growing desire for solutions more attuned to the Saudi environment, began to erode the unchallenged dominance of global players. Incidents such as the reported year-long ban on PwC from new PIF advisory work in early 2025, though not publicly explained, signaled increasing scrutiny and a reassessment of foreign consultant involvement, with a stronger focus on measurable returns and cost containment. Concerns over data sovereignty, with stricter regulations being drafted for data handling by firms involved in sensitive sectors, also played a role.

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This evolving landscape has paved the way for local consulting firms. "In this maturing market, local consulting firms have begun to gain ground". A key characteristic of this new wave of domestic consultancies is that "Many are led by professionals with global experience, especially in defense, healthcare, and public sector transformation". This signifies a critical development: the emergence of a credible and capable local alternative. These firms often combine international best practices and methodologies with a deep, intrinsic understanding of local business culture, bureaucratic nuances, and the overarching strategic objectives of Vision 2030. This "contextual intelligence" is increasingly being valued by clients over generic international frameworks that may lack the necessary adaptability. The rise of these firms is not merely about offering lower costs; it represents a redefinition of the value proposition itself, emphasizing project management and business practices tailored to Saudi culture and regulations.

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The earlier, far-sighted investment in human capital through initiatives like King Abdullah's scholarship programs is now directly fueling the competitiveness of these local firms. The thousands of Saudis educated and often professionally seasoned abroad are not just returning as employees; many are the founders and leaders of these new local consultancies. They bring with them credibility, international networks, modern skill sets, and an ambition to contribute directly to their nation's development. This is a direct and tangible payoff from a long-term human capital strategy, elevating the overall quality and capability of the local consulting ecosystem and making it a more viable and often preferred alternative to relying solely on international firms. This, in turn, reduces dependency on imported talent and fosters the growth of an indigenous professional services industry. Government "Saudization" policies, such as mandating 40% Saudization in consulting firms, 35% in engineering consultancy, and 30% in financial advisory, aim to create high value jobs for Saudis and ensure they are well trained. These policies are expected to create over 8,000 high-value jobs and retain $1.2 billion annually in the economy.

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Furthermore, the maturation of the Saudi market is evidenced by the emergence of specialized local firms catering to niche demands. "Specialized firms have also emerged to support regulatory compliance and risk management". A prominent example is "Siena, a prominent example, operates across MENA and has been pivotal in promoting fire and life safety engineering in Saudi Arabia". Their specific expertise in "code consulting, safety assessments, and fire protection ensures that new infrastructure adheres to international standards a growing necessity as the country urbanizes and scales up construction". Similarly, local firms like Jadarah Business Consulting are active in specialized areas like decarbonization strategy, assisting clients like the Saudi Investment Recycling Company (SIRC). In the early stages of a market's development, demand often gravitates towards generalist strategy and management consulting. However, as an economy and its constituent projects become more complex exemplified by Saudi Arabia's massive infrastructure buildout and the development of new, highly regulated industries the demand for highly specialized, technical expertise naturally grows. This fosters the development of niche players, indicating a more sophisticated, segmented, and mature consulting landscape capable of addressing highly specific challenges. Government initiatives like those by the Local Content and Government Procurement Authority (LCGPA), which promotes the "Made in Saudi" initiative and aims to increase local content in government procurement, further support this trend. The PIF's local content policy, "Musaama," aims for 60% local content from PIF and its subsidiaries by 2025. Additionally, Monsha'at, the General Authority for Small and Medium Enterprises, provides support including remote consulting services to entrepreneurs and SMEs in fields like finance, technology, and law. Aramco's In Kingdom Total Value Add (IKTVA) program also plays a crucial role in driving supply-chain efficiency and encouraging the development of a diverse, globally competitive energy sector, with a goal to retain 70% of all procurement spend in-Kingdom and a special focus on SMEs.

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Market Dynamics and Future Outlook : Navigating Opportunities in a Transformed Kingdom

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The Saudi consulting market is poised for continued robust growth, driven by the sustained momentum of Vision 2030 and the Kingdom's unwavering commitment to economic diversification and modernization. The market reached $4.3 billion in 2024 and is expected to grow by 13% in 2025, making it the largest and fastest growing in the Gulf, though growth is slightly moderating from the post-Covid exponential surge. The dynamics of shaping this market are multifaceted, reflecting both the vast opportunities and the evolving expectations for advisory services.

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Demand for consulting support remains indispensable and is projected to be particularly strong across sectors central to Vision 2030. These include "urban planning, entertainment, and environmental rehabilitation", which are undergoing transformative development. Alongside these, ongoing and accelerated needs in large-scale infrastructure development (especially with the Kingdom preparing to host global events like the World Cup 2034 and AFC Asian Cup 2027), tourism expansion, the burgeoning sports ecosystem, and the pervasive drive for digital transformation across all government and private sector entities will continue to be major consumers of consulting services. The digital transformation consulting market alone is projected for a CAGR of 23.5% through 2029. Demand for ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) consulting is also rising as Saudi Arabia aims for net-zero emissions by 2060 and implements initiatives like the Saudi Green Initiative. The healthcare consulting market is also expanding due to privatization efforts (aiming for 35% private sector involvement by 2030), digital health advancements ($1.5B+ invested), and regulatory reforms under the Health Sector Transformation Program. Similarly, the education sector sees active involvement from both global firms like BCG and local specialists like Emkan Education and Jadarah. The nature of this demand will span the entire consulting value chain, from high-level strategic formulation and policy advice to intricate project management, specialized technical expertise, and hands-on execution support.

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While the ascent of local firms is a defining feature of the current market, "Saudi Arabia is also actively supporting foreign firms entering the market". However, this support is strategically calibrated. The Kingdom recognizes that "Regulations, licensing, and market access can be complex" for international entities.1 In response, initiatives are in place "to provide advisory support and representatives on the ground". This facilitation is not an unconditional open-door, but part of a curated approach designed to leverage global expertise strategically. For instance, the Regional Headquarters (RHQ) Program, announced in 2021, encourages multinational corporations to establish their regional HQs in Saudi Arabia to be eligible for public tenders from January 1, 2024. The overarching goal is clear: "attract high-quality players, ensure alignment with national priorities, and embed long-term value in every partnership". This implies a preference for foreign firms that can bring truly differentiated expertise, contribute to local capability building (a critique of past engagements was the failure to embed long-term expertise), and demonstrate a clear commitment to the Kingdom's long-term development objectives.

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The future competitive landscape is unlikely to witness a complete displacement of international firms. Instead, a "coopetition" model – blending cooperation and competition is emerging. International consultancies possessing highly specialized global knowledge, proprietary technologies, or the sheer capacity to manage mega-projects at an immense scale may still find significant opportunities. However, their mode of operation will need to adapt. There will be increasing pressure and expectation to partner with local firms, transfer knowledge effectively, and demonstrably contribute to the development of Saudi talent. The government's explicit emphasis on embedding "long-term value" and achieving "real knowledge transfer" strongly suggests a preference for partnerships that build sustainable local capabilities rather than perpetuating a dependency on external providers. Clients are becoming more selective, pushing for value over volume, and questioning cost structures and expected outcomes, leading to more aggressive pricing and thinner margins, especially on large public sector contracts.

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Beyond physical infrastructure and new industry creation, consulting services are becoming increasingly crucial for the development of Saudi Arabia's "soft infrastructure." This encompasses the establishment and refinement of regulatory frameworks, the enhancement of institutional capacity within government bodies, the cultivation of talent development ecosystems, and the fostering of innovation hubs. The documented need to effectively manage complex portfolios of initiatives, rigorously track outcomes, and implement sophisticated systems like digital budgeting across numerous entities are prime examples of building this essential institutional muscle. Initiatives like the Misk Foundation's Career Essentials Program, which has benefited over 700,000 young Saudis by preparing them for the job market with essential soft skills and career guidance, and its various leadership and entrepreneurship programs, contribute significantly to talent development. The Human Resources Development Fund (HRDF) also plays a role by supporting training, employment programs, and offering loans to training institutions. In these endeavors, consultants often act as catalysts, temporary capacity builders, and facilitators of complex change management processes.

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The role of the Saudi government itself is evolving significantly. While it remains a primary, and often the largest, client for consulting services, its function is expanding to that of a strategic shaper of the consulting market. Through procurement policies that increasingly favor local content (e.g., LCGPA regulations giving preference to Saudi individuals, establishments, and products) or local partnerships, targeted support for SMEs (which includes many emerging local consultancies via Monsha'at and IKTVA's focus), and the clear conditions placed on foreign firms regarding alignment with national priorities and value embedding, the government is actively cultivating a consulting ecosystem that serves its long-term national interests. This represents a more sophisticated, and at times interventionist, approach to market development, aimed at ensuring that the billions spent on advisory services yield maximum economic and developmental returns for the Kingdom.

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Final Thought: A New Chapter for Consulting in the Kingdom

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The consulting sector in Saudi Arabia has navigated a remarkable journey, transitioning from a peripheral service tied to the fortunes of oil to a central enabler of an ambitious national reinvention. The impetus provided by Vision 2030, coupled with substantial investments spearheaded by the Public Investment Fund and a government-wide mandate for digitalization and modernization, has fundamentally reshaped demand, creating a multi-billion dollar market characterized by both scale and increasing sophistication, projected to exceed $4.8 billion in 2025.

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Key economic transformations, including the strategic diversification away from hydrocarbons, the digitalization of state functions exemplified by platforms like Etimad and the modernized budgeting systems, and the modernization of the financial sector through SAMA's Open Banking initiatives, have not only broadened the scope of consulting needs but have also deepened the requirement for specialized expertise. This has spurred growth in areas ranging from strategic planning and PMO support for giga projects like NEOM to niche advisory in fintech development, cybersecurity, ESG strategy, and regulatory compliance. The market is maturing, with clients becoming more cost-conscious and demanding measurable impact.

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A defining characteristic of this new era is the confident emergence of local consulting firms. Bolstered by a growing cadre of Saudi professionals educated and experienced internationally a legacy, in part, of programs like King Abdullah's scholarships and supported by Saudization policies and local content initiatives, these firms are increasingly competing on value, offering contextual understanding and cost-effectiveness that challenges the traditional dominance of global players. The rise of specialized entities like Siena and Jadarah further underscores the market's maturation.

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Looking ahead, the Saudi consulting market is set for sustained expansion, albeit with evolving competitive dynamics. The government's role will continue to be pivotal, not just as the principal client but as a strategic architect of the market, encouraging partnerships that embed long-term value, foster knowledge transfer, and align with national priorities. For both local and international players, success will increasingly depend on their ability to deliver tangible outcomes, cultivate local talent through programs like those offered by Misk Foundation and HRDF, and navigate a landscape where deep sectoral knowledge, specialization, and an understanding of the Kingdom's unique transformational journey are paramount. The story of consulting in Saudi Arabia is no longer just about providing advice; it is about actively participating in the construction of a new economic frontier, demanding greater accountability, local impact, and true partnership.

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Sources :

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Interview with Strategy Development and Excecution Expert Mostafa Ali

KSA Vision 2030 Excecution member

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Diarna preserves Jewish MENA heritage online, blending tech and stories to save a fading shared memory...

Diarna Geo-Museum: Digitally Preserving MENA’s Jewish Heritage Against Time

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The Race Against Time

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Jewish heritage in MENA spans millennia, from ancient synagogues in Iraq to medieval yeshivas in Morocco. Yet today, fewer than 15,000 Jews remain in most of these countries, their physical legacies crumbling under neglect or conflict. Diarna’s mission is urgent: to document these sites before they-and the memories tied to them-disappear entirely.

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Using 3D modeling, geospatial mapping, and oral histories, Diarna has cataloged nearly 3,000 sites, including endangered synagogues, cemeteries, and schools. For example, the Eliyahu Hanavi Synagogue in Jobar, Syria, destroyed during the civil war, now exists as a detailed virtual reconstruction, allowing visitors to explore its vaulted arches and intricate tilework. Similarly, the Kashi Synagogue in Shiraz, Iran, with its Hebrew inscriptions alongside Persian motifs, is preserved as a digital testament to coexistence.

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How It Works: Technology Meets Human Stories

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Diarna’s methodology is both high-tech and deeply personal:

3D Photogrammetry: Portable 360-degree cameras and drones capture sites like Libya’s Msellata Synagogue, even when physical access is restricted.
Oral Histories: Interviews with elderly émigrés, such as those from Yemen’s Ra’s al-‘Ayn Cemetery, preserve Judeo-Arabic epitaphs and communal rituals.
Collaborative Research: Local scholars, including Muslim archaeologists, contribute to projects like documenting Tunisia’s Gran Synagogue of Tunis, whose architecture mirrors nearby Islamic sites.

This hybrid approach ensures that each site is more than a pin on a map-it’s a narrative of belonging and resilience.

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Impact and Collaborations

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Diarna’s work intersects with physical preservation efforts, most notably in Morocco, where King Mohammed VI has allocated $17 million since 2010 to restore Jewish sites. Landmarks like Slat Al Fassiyine Synagogue in Fez and 167 Jewish cemeteries have been revitalized, with GPS coordinates added to Diarna’s database. Such collaborations underscore how digital and physical preservation can amplify each other.The project also educates globally. Partnering with institutions like the American Sephardi Federation, Diarna creates curricula and exhibitions, such as a 2020 showcase at Dubai’s Crossroads of Civilizations Museum, highlighting shared heritage.

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Why It Matters

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Diarna challenges the notion that MENA’s history is monolithic. By spotlighting Jewish contributions-from Morocco’s medieval philosophers to Iraq’s Talmudic academies-it reframes the region’s identity as inherently pluralistic. For writers and thinkers, Diarna offers a model of apolitical preservation. It declines to editorialize, instead letting sites speak for themselves-a radical act in a landscape often dominated by competing narratives.

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The Future of Memory

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Diarna’s next phase includes AI-driven translations of Judeo-Arabic manuscripts and VR classrooms for diaspora youth. Yet its most profound legacy may be intangible: proving that cultural preservation isn’t about relics, but about dignity. As Jason Guberman-Pfeffer told Smithsonian Magazine, “We’re in a race against time to put these sites on the map, and to preserve these stories before they’re forever lost.” In a world where borders harden, Diarna’s virtual museum reminds us that heritage transcends nations-and that memory, once digitized, becomes immortal.

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‍Sources :

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https://diarna.org

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https://diarna.org/exhibits/

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https://smarthistory.org/diarna-documenting-places-vanishing-jewish-history-2/

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https://guides.libraries.psu.edu/c.php?g=1366472&p=10095113

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http://amirmideast.blogspot.com/2021/

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https://liberalarts.utexas.edu/mes/undergraduate-studies/diarna-digital-heritage-internship/

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https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/diarna-jewish-sites-not-seen-generations-visit-from-home-180974875/

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https://www.pinterest.com/pin/pinterest--335658978499351880/

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Oman fosters peace and unity through dialogue, mediation, and cultural exchange...

Oman, a champion of dialogue and cooperation in the Middle-East

For centuries, Oman has upheld a tradition of tolerance and peaceful coexistence, fostered by its geographical position and commercial heritage. Since antiquity, the country has been a meeting point for civilizations from the Indian Ocean, Arabia, and East Africa. This rich history of interaction has shaped an approach centered on exchange and mutual understanding.

Today, this tradition continues through initiatives that promote diplomacy, education, and culture. Oman places great emphasis on encouraging dialogue, whether in international forums or through projects aimed at bringing people closer together.

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Promoting regional and international cooperation

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The Sultanate actively engages in initiatives to strengthen cooperation among Middle Eastern countries and beyond. It plays a facilitating role in developing joint projects across various sectors, including the economy, the environment, and education.

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In the economic sector, Oman focuses on balanced trade agreements and regional partnerships to boost exchanges. The Port of Duqm, for example, is emerging as a strategic hub enhancing connectivity between Asia, Europe, and Africa. This approach not only strengthens commercial ties but also fosters greater interdependence among nations, creating a climate of stability and shared prosperity.

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In the fields of education and culture, Oman promotes cooperation programs with multiple universities and research centers worldwide. These academic exchanges allow younger generations to acquire new skills and strengthen ties between societies.

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A commitment to sustainable development and humanitarian aid

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Oman’s efforts extend beyond promoting dialogue and economic exchanges; the country also plays an active role in sustainable development and humanitarian aid. In the environmental sector, the Sultanate invests in projects aimed at preserving natural resources and developing renewable energy. The "Oman Vision 2040" initiative emphasizes a transition toward a greener economy, with investments in solar and wind energy. By encouraging sustainable practices, Oman sets an example of a nation that balances modernization with environmental responsibility.

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Additionally, the Sultanate makes significant contributions to humanitarian initiatives in the region. Thanks to its well-balanced relations with various international actors, Oman facilitates the delivery of medical and food aid to struggling populations. This humanitarian role underscores its commitment to community well-being, irrespective of political or economic contexts.

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A diplomacy focused on peace and stability

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A defining characteristic of Omani foreign policy is its consistent commitment to regional peace and stability. By fostering dialogue and cooperation among nations, Oman helps to defuse tensions and build mutual trust.

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This commitment is reflected in the Sultanate’s active participation in numerous initiatives aimed at promoting stability in the Gulf region and beyond. Oman always prioritizes discussion and the pursuit of peaceful solutions, reaffirming its role as a respected mediator on the international stage.

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A model of peaceful and constructive diplomacy

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Through an approach based on tolerance, cooperation, and sustainable development, Oman has established itself as a model of constructive diplomacy in the Middle East. Its commitment to dialogue and exchange not only strengthens international relations but also lays the foundation for a more peaceful and prosperous future.

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In a rapidly evolving world, where challenges are increasingly interconnected, the role of a nation that promotes stability and understanding, such as Oman, is more crucial than ever. By investing in regional cooperation, education, and sustainable development, the Sultanate

continues to demonstrate that diplomacy can be a powerful driver of progress and harmony among nations.

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Sources :

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https://www.rfi.fr/fr/moyen-orient/20190709-oman-mediateur-discret-crises-moyen-orient

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https://www.lesclesdumoyenorient.com/Oman-mediateur-du-Golfe-Caracteristiques-d-une-di plomatie-singuliere.html

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https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/activant-la--vision-2040-doman--powerchina-eta blit-de-nouvelles-normes-en-matiere-denergie-renouvelable-avec-le-projet-photovoltaique-ibr i-a-oman-301708607.html

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https://totalenergies.com/fr/actualites/communiques-presse/oman-totalenergies-oqae-signen t-accords-developper-300-mw-projets

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Moroccan craftsmanship, long regarded as a relic of the past, is now at the heart of a true revival...

Moroccan craftsmanship: a driver of economic growth

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Moroccan souks: between tradition and modernity

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Moroccan souks, true showcases of artisanal expertise, attract millions of visitors each year. In Marrakech, Fez, and Essaouira, these bustling markets are filled with stalls offering pottery, leather goods, jewelry, and textiles. In 2023, the craftsmanship sector generated an estimated revenue of 6 billion dirhams, with a strong contribution from tourism.

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To meet the expectations of a more demanding clientele, Moroccan artisans are modernizing their techniques and incorporating innovative materials. The fusion of tradition and modernity enables the creation of updated designs tailored to contemporary fashion and interior design trends. Furthermore, the rise of e-commerce has opened new opportunities: several online platforms, such as MyTindy, and Moroccan Heritage, allow artisans to sell their products worldwide, boosting exports of unique Moroccan handmade items.

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Transmission and challenges facing artisans

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Despite its revival, Moroccan craftsmanship faces significant challenges. The transmission of ancestral skills is a key issue, as many young people are turning away from manual trades in favor of more profitable sectors. Currently, around 30% of artisans are over 50 years old, putting the continuity of some traditional techniques at risk.

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To address this issue, specialized training centers have emerged in Fez, Marrakech, and Casablanca. These institutions enable young generations to learn craft trades while acquiring business and digital skills. At the same time, the government has implemented tax incentives and financial aid to encourage young artisans to establish themselves and facilitate access to funding.

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Innovation and sustainability in craftsmanship

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Sustainable development has become a crucial issue for Moroccan craftsmanship. Increasingly, artisans are incorporating eco-friendly practices into their production processes. The use of local and sustainable raw materials, such as organic wool, natural clay, and vegetable-tanned leather, caters to the rising demand for ethical and environmentally responsible products.

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Moreover, recycling and upcycling are gaining momentum. Initiatives have emerged, offering collections made from recycled materials while preserving artisanal heritage. This approach not only reduces the sector’s environmental impact but also diversifies the product offering, attracting a new clientele conscious of responsible consumption.

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The impact of tourism on craftsmanship

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Tourism plays a crucial role in the resurgence of Moroccan craftsmanship. In 2023, Morocco welcomed over 13 million tourists, many of whom sought authentic souvenirs and unique handcrafted pieces. To support this dynamic, several initiatives have been launched to guarantee product authenticity and protect artisans from counterfeiting.

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The Moroccan government has introduced quality labels, such as the "Morocco Handmade" label, ensuring better traceability and recognition of artisanal products. Additionally, tourism circuits dedicated to craftsmanship have been developed, allowing visitors to witness artisans at work in their workshops, particularly in Tetouan, Chefchaouen, and Safi.

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A sector in full transformation

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Moroccan craftsmanship is undergoing a significant transformation, balancing tradition and modernity. Through the combined efforts of artisans, institutions, and private stakeholders, this age-old sector is now positioned as a key driver of economic and social development.

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With an average annual growth of 5%, Moroccan craftsmanship has a promising future. However, ensuring its sustainability requires continued investment in training, innovation, and market structuring. By adapting to the new demands of international trade and integrating sustainable practices, Moroccan craftsmanship can both preserve its heritage and expand its reach, positioning Morocco as a leading global player in artisanal excellence.

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Sources :

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https://www.visitmorocco.com/fr/decouvrir-le-maroc/artisanat-traditionnel-revisite https://atlas-artisan.com/blogs/news/artisanat-marocain

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https://aujourdhui.ma/economie/les-bons-chiffres-de-lartisanat

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https://mtaess.gov.ma/fr/artisanat/observatoire-de-lartisanat/chiffres-cles-arisanat/

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https://mtaess.gov.ma/fr/artisanat/strategie-de-lartisanat/

The United Arab Emirates has once again established itself as a key location for global entrepreneurship...

In the United Arab Emirates, Artificial Intelligence Is Taught from Kindergarten

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Unprecedented educational reform

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It was the Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates and Sovereign of Dubai, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rachid, who announced the decision on Sunday, May 4, 2025. In a statement relayed on X, he said that the government had validated “the final program to introduce artificial intelligence as a subject at all levels of public education”, from the start of the next school year. The objective is ambitious, to say the least: to prepare new generations for a world governed by technologies profoundly different from those of our own time. In any case, this is the Prime Minister's vision, as he points out that “our responsibility is to equip our children for a time unlike ours, with conditions different from ours”.

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Basically, this program aims to give students a technical understanding of what AI is, while developing their ethical awareness of an increasingly omnipresent technology. What's more, unlike other countries where AI is mentioned in a casual way in certain subjects from secondary school onwards, the United Arab Emirates is choosing a far more ambitious path. AI will not only be used as a pedagogical tool by teachers, but taught as an integral discipline from the very first years of school. In concrete terms, from kindergarten onwards, pupils will be introduced to the basics of artificial intelligence in the same way as they learn about letters, numbers or the days of the week. The program, designed to be adapted to each level, will be based on seven main pedagogical axes: fundamental concepts, data and algorithms, use of software, awareness of ethics, concrete applications, design of innovative projects, and community involvement around AI-related policies.

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Vision and strategy

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As Education Minister Sarah Al-Amiri pointed out, this reform embodies “UAE government’s future-focused vision” to prepare future generations to “create and develop intelligent solutions”. This educational reform is an extension of a national strategy that uses artificial intelligence and technology as levers for economic diversification. Indeed, for over a decade, the Emirates have been gradually reducing their dependence on hydrocarbons by focusing on entrepreneurship and innovation, the challenges of which are largely linked to understanding and mastering AI.

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Let's not forget, the United Arab Emirates was the first country in the world to create a Ministry of Artificial Intelligence in 2017. This initiative, perceived at the time as more symbolic than anything else, is now taking root in reality and forces us to recognize that the country has been visionary. What's more, as the latest proof of their commitment to AI, the Emirates have announced colossal investments of between 30 and 50 billion euros in France in 2025, notably for the construction of the largest AI campus in Europe, which will also feature a giant data center.

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With this reform, the United Arab Emirates is sending out a strong and clear signal: training the citizens of tomorrow, in the world of tomorrow, starts at the earliest possible age. To achieve this, the country is not content to simply follow global technological developments, but intends to anticipate them, structure and finance them, and transform them into drivers of development and change. This strategy also reflects a truly pragmatic approach: not simply to familiarize schoolchildren with artificial intelligence, but to give them the tools to become its creators, developers and innovators.

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Sources :

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https://www.europe1.fr/international/les-emirats-introduisent-lenseignement-de-lia-a-lecole-des-la-maternelle-715785

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https://www.arabnews.com/node/2599592/middle-east

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https://www.lesechos.fr/idees-debats/sciences-prospective/lia-des-la-maternelle-pour-preparer-lavenir-2163458

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https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/un-monde-connecte/aux-emirats-arabes-unis-l-ia-enseignee-des-la-maternelle-2036321

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Long overshadowed by Marrakech and Essaouira, Taghazout and Imsouane are emerging as must-visit destinations...

Taghazout and Imsouane : hidden Gems for water sports enthusiasts and ecotourism

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Prime spots for water sports

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Taghazout and Imsouane offer ideal conditions for water sports, boasting over 300 days of sunshine per year and consistent winds. Their iconic beaches, such as Anchor Point, Panorama Beach, and the Bay of Imsouane, draw surfers from around the world in search of the perfect wave. These spots, famous for their optimal weather conditions, cater to both beginners and experienced surfers, ensuring a thrilling experience for all skill levels.

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Kitesurfing is also growing in popularity in the region. The beaches of Taghazout and Imsouane are particularly favored by thrill-seekers looking for steady winds and breathtaking natural surroundings. As a result, numerous surf and kitesurf schools have opened, offering lessons, training programs, and rental equipment. Some of these schools integrate eco-friendly approaches by reducing their carbon footprint and educating visitors on environmental conservation.

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A growing commitment to sustainable tourism

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The rise of surfing and coastal tourism in Taghazout and Imsouane raises essential questions about preserving the coastal ecosystem. In response, several local organizations, such as Surfrider Foundation Morocco and the Moroccan Association for Sustainable Surfing, have launched awareness and environmental education initiatives. Regular beach cleanups involve both tourists and locals in efforts to protect the shoreline. Simultaneously, some water sports establishments prioritize eco-friendly materials for their infrastructure and promote sustainable practices, such as using environmentally responsible equipment.

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The development of eco-lodges and slow tourism reflects this commitment to environmentally conscious travel. Many accommodations emphasize eco-friendly construction using renewable energy and sustainable resource management. Local restaurants increasingly favor short supply chains, thereby reducing their carbon footprint. Visitors can also engage in immersive cultural experiences, such as permaculture workshops or encounters with Berber communities, fostering a more authentic and responsible form of tourism.

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Ramzi Boukhiam: A moroccan surfing ambassador

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The rise of Taghazout and Imsouane on the international surfing scene is partly driven by influential figures like Ramzi Boukhiam. Born in Agadir, this professional Moroccan surfer made history by representing Morocco at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games and the Paris 2024 Olympic Games, marking a significant milestone for Moroccan surfing.

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Ramzi Boukhiam regularly trains at the legendary spots of Taghazout and Anchor Point, perfecting his style and technique. These beaches, renowned for their long rolling waves and ideal conditions, provide the perfect training ground for an elite athlete. Through his perseverance and talent, he has proudly represented Morocco on the global stage, inspiring a new generation of Moroccan surfers.

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Challenges to overcome

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Despite their progress in sustainable tourism, Taghazout and Imsouane still face several challenges. Plastic waste management remains a major issue, despite efforts from associations and local authorities. Marine pollution continues to threaten the ecosystem, requiring enhanced action to educate and hold visitors and tourism stakeholders accountable.

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Increasing urbanization is another pressing concern. The construction of new tourist infrastructures must be carefully managed to prevent harm to the region’s natural landscapes and biodiversity. Striking a balance between economic development and environmental preservation is crucial to ensuring the long-term sustainability of tourism in these iconic villages.

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Finally, visitor awareness plays a crucial role. While many local initiatives exist, their success largely depends on tourists embracing environmentally respectful practices. Communication campaigns and educational efforts must be strengthened to encourage a more mindful and responsible approach to tourism.

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A Promising Future

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Taghazout and Imsouane are gradually establishing themselves as models of tourism development that harmoniously combine water sports and environmental preservation. With a deep-rooted passion for surfing, the rise of responsible tourism, and the involvement of local stakeholders, these villages are shaping a future where nature and adventure coexist seamlessly. To ensure that these hidden gems maintain their appeal while protecting their unique ecosystems, it is essential to continue ongoing efforts and promote conscious and sustainable tourism.

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Sources :

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https://voyage.tv5monde.com/fr/imsouane-ou-la-gentrification-touristique-des-cotes-marocai nes

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https://www.dopaminesurfmorocco.com/fr/blog/a-la-decouverte-de-taghazout-joyau-du-surf marocain/

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https://www.construction21.org/france/articles/h/taghazout-bay-exemple-marocain-de-touris me-durable.html

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https://surf.voyages-adekua.fr/blog-surf/surf-trip-meilleurs-spots-maroc-imsouane-tamghrat-t aghazout

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Surpassing the Big Four : A Necessary Transformation. Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the UAE, Kuwait, and Qatar— ...

Towards a Big 6 : The Strategic Repositioning of Consulting in the Gulf

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The suspension of new contracts between the Saudi Public Investment Fund (PIF) and PwC until February 2026, announced in March 2025, crystallizes this turning point. Behind a budgetary reassessment prompted by the slowdown in activity in 2024, lies a deeper intention : to cultivate expertise rooted in regional realities. In this context, a nuanced understanding of cultural, institutional, and economic dynamics has become essential. As Mohammed H. Al Qahtani, CEO of Saudi Arabia Holding Co., pointed out, the standardized methodologies of large Western firms struggle to integrate local subtleties, highlighting the growing gap between Anglo-Saxon analytical models (MECE, 7S, Porter's Five Forces) and the operational expectations of decision-makers in the Gulf.

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Paradoxically, while mature markets are rationalizing their workforces, demand for consulting services in GCC countries is expected to rise by 11% in 2025, surpassing six billion dollars. However, with only 5% of consulting firms registered in Saudi Arabia being locally owned, the need for local scaling is evident.

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Strategic Sectors : Differentiated Growth Drivers

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Identifying key sectors is a prerequisite for building a sustainable consulting offering. The global geopolitical and economic repositioning reshuffles the cards : while consumption is slowing in the West, it is showing remarkable vitality in the Gulf. According to AlixPartners' Global Consumer Outlook 2025, one-third of Saudi consumers plan to increase their spending on dining and entertainment. A dynamic youth demographic (18-34 years) is driving this shift, prioritizing experiences and innovation.

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Tourism fully exemplifies this shift. A study by Toluna predicts a doubling of sector employment by 2035. Roland Berger expects an average annual growth rate of 7% in hotel stays between 2019 and 2030. Saudi Arabia is set to gain a decisive competitive advantage, with a goal of 112 million visitors by 2030, up from 50 million in 2022. AlUla, a project of diplomatic cooperation with France, illustrates the transformation of heritage into an economic lever.

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This dynamic is also evident in Egypt, which is undertaking a major territorial repositioning with the creation of the New Administrative Capital (NAC). Located 45 km from Cairo, this new city underscores the growing demand for urban, financial, and organizational consulting across the MENA region.

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Local Capabilities : Structuring the Offering through Innovation and Technological Sovereignty

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Building a local consulting ecosystem cannot ignore digital transformation. According to PwC, GCC countries will need 120,000 artificial intelligence specialists by 2030, with the potential to contribute $320 billion to the regional GDP. Bilateral partnerships, particularly with the United States, which has been involved in the Gulf's digitalization via IBM and Microsoft since the 1970s, are key to leveraging this technological heritage to accelerate local training.

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The Pearl Initiative, alongside the Islamic Corporation for the Development of the Private Sector (ICD), is aligned with this vision through the launch of roundtables dedicated to empowering regional FinTechs. During the inaugural session titled “Building FinTechs from the Region for the Region,” Mohamed Al Tajer, founder of Taghyeer Consulting in Dubai, advocated for the rigorous adaptation of offerings to meet the expectations of GCC consumers.

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Saudi Arabia : The Regional Powerhouse

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As Gulf countries position themselves in future-oriented segments, Saudi Arabia appears to be emerging as the principal consulting hub for the region. Macroeconomic indicators align : a projected 5.3% growth in 2025, continued GDP growth excluding oil (+2.8% in Q3 2024), and a rise in investments in FinTechs. The kingdom aims for a direct contribution of $3.6 billion from these companies to its GDP by 2030.

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Moreover, the Saudi government is implementing structural actions : regulatory reforms to support local firms, mechanisms for knowledge transfer between international and local firms, and the development of public-private partnerships incorporating local players into major national projects. This systemic approach could redefine the consulting landscape in the Middle East.

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Conclusion : Towards Intellectual and Operational Sovereignty

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What the trajectory of the GCC countries reveals is less a desire for a break from the past than a need for balance. To create a true Big 6, it is not enough to replicate existing models. It is essential to create a consulting landscape that matches local ambitions : more rooted, more agile, and fully aligned with the region's economic, social, and cultural dynamics.

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Sources :

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Arab News - S&P Global: Saudi economy projected to grow 5.3% in 2025

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Consultancy-me.com - Influx of tourists to GCC to drive hotels and workforce boom

Consultancy-me.com - Saudi consumers shifting their shopping and spending decisions, says AlixPartners Consulting Quest - Trends in Consulting in the Middle East: A Guide for Global Firms

Consultancy-me.com - UAE and KSA consumers re-purposing their spending habits

ICD - Empowering Gulf Tech Firms: The Pearl Initiative and SID promote competitiveness and sustainability through exclusive roundtables

Le Monde - Saudi Arabia: With Jean-Yves Le Drian, the French agency Afalula changes course quietly Menara - GCC countries will need 120,000 AI specialists by 2030

Mohammed H. Al Qahtani - Insights

Mostafa Ali - The Rise of Local Consulting Firms in Saudi Arabia: A Government-Backed Shift

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In a city known for pushing boundaries and redefining the skyline, Dubai’s newest proposed marvel is reaching

Dubai’s Moon: A Giant Leap for Imagination

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A Visionary Leap for the Skyline

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MOON redefines the concept of luxury development in Dubai with an audacious vision of the future. Proposed to be built as a giant sphere perched atop a 100-foot circular podium, the structure will replicate the moon’s surface and even simulate the sensation of walking on it. Inside, visitors will find a 4,000-suite hotel, a 10,000-seat arena, wellness centers, space-themed attractions, and an exclusive “lunar colony” for guests craving an immersive space experience—minus the rocket fuel.

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Michael Henderson: The Visionary Behind the MOON

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Canadian entrepreneur Michael R. Henderson is the visionary co-founder behind the MOON Resort project in Dubai. Henderson describes the moon as a universally loved "brand name" recognized by billions worldwide, and his goal is to create a luxurious, fully integrated destination resort that replicates the moon’s surface in remarkable detail. He emphasizes that the MOON Resort is not just an architectural feat but a symbol of hope, innovation, and the power of imagination. Henderson and his co-founder Sandra Matthews are collaborating with engineers and architects globally to overcome the technical challenges of building such a complex structure.

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More Than a Resort: A Beacon of Inspiration

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The world needs bold dreams now more than ever. The MOON is more than concrete and steel; it’s a beacon of hope. In a time where global challenges often dominate headlines, the Dubai Moon Project reminds us of what humanity can achieve with imagination, unity, and a shared sense of wonder. Just like the Apollo missions inspired a generation to pursue science and exploration, this ambitious project invites us to dream again.

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From the world’s tallest tower to man-made islands, Dubai has consistently shown how innovation and vision can overcome the constraints of nature and geography. The MOON project continues that narrative, inviting locals and tourists alike to experience something otherworldly without leaving Earth.

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Economic and Cultural Impact

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While the MOON's dazzling concept makes headlines, the project also shines economically. It’s expected to draw over 2.5 million visitors annually, significantly boosting tourism and creating thousands of jobs in hospitality, entertainment, and technology. In essence, it’s a gravity-defying economic engine that aligns perfectly with Dubai’s Tourism Strategy 2025.

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Culturally, the MOON will serve as a hub for education and entertainment. It will host exhibits on space and sustainability, immersive attractions, and collaborations with global organizations, transforming the resort into a platform for knowledge exchange and cultural dialogue. The project is designed not just as a luxury resort, but as a stage for storytelling, science, and shared human experience.

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Symbolism and Spectacle

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What makes this project truly magical isn’t just the spectacle of a giant glowing orb lighting up the Dubai skyline. It’s the symbolism. The moon has always represented dreams, cycles, and possibilities. By bringing it down to Earth, Dubai is turning that metaphor into a real-life monument to optimism.

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And let’s not forget—imagine the Instagrammable moments! The MOON will no doubt become one of the most iconic visuals in the world, drawing content creators, photographers, and tourists to share their slice of space across the globe.

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In its grand silhouette, we see the reflection of what makes Dubai extraordinary: a fearless embrace of the future. As John F. Kennedy once said, “We choose to go to the moon… not because it is easy, but because it is hard.” Michael Henderson chooses to build the moon—not to escape reality, but to elevate it.

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‍Sources :

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CNN Travel. (2023). MOON Resort: Dubai’s bold new space-themed mega-project. https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/moon-dubai-resort/index.html
AP News. (2023). Dubai eyes $5 billion moon-shaped resort as next big tourism draw. https://apnews.com/article/dubai-moon-project-real-estate-tourism-eee458d02c9785b5b2bd8ba6dd94b369
Moon World Resorts Inc. (2023). MOON: The Project Overview. https://www.moonworldresorts.com
The National News. (2023). Moon-shaped resort set to launch in Dubai as tourism soars. https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/2023/09/07/moon-resort-dubai
Dubai Tourism. (2022). Dubai Tourism Strategy 2025. Retrieved from https://www.visitdubai.com/en/business-in-dubai/dubai-tourism-strategy

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The United Arab Emirates has once again established itself as a key location for global entrepreneurship...

Entrepreneurship in the United Arab Emirates: a worldwide success story

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International recognition for excellence

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The United Arab Emirates dominates 11 of the 13 key indicators in the High Income Country ranking. The country stands out in particular for its easy access to financing, the quality of government policies in favor of entrepreneurship, an attractive tax environment, entrepreneurship education programs starting at school and a high-performance business infrastructure.

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The report also highlights the government's commitment to supporting SMEs through ambitious public policies and colossal investments. For example, the UAE has injected $8.7 billion into innovation and SME support as part of the “Projects of the 50” initiative. This policy is complemented by the possibility for foreign investors to hold 100% of the capital of their companies, which has largely contributed to increasing foreign direct investment, reaching a record $22.7 billion in 2023.

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‍A long-term strategic vision

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This international recognition does not come from nowhere. In fact, it rewards the “We the UAE 2031” strategy, which aims to make the United Arab Emirates a global hub for the new economy. Alia bint Abdullah Al Mazrouei, Minister Delegate for Entrepreneurship, points out that “this result reflects the UAE's forward-looking vision and the directives of its wise leadership, which have made it possible to establish a coherent ecosystem for entrepreneurship and SMEs”. Yet, to succeed, the country needs more than vision and investment. In practical terms, the government has put in place a strategy that translates into concrete actions such as support throughout the entrepreneurial life cycle: awareness-raising and training from the earliest age, support for business start-ups, access to financing, support infrastructure, and assistance with internationalization.
In this way, it is with a cross-functional approach that the United Arab Emirates is fostering the emergence of technology startups in key sectors such as AI, fintech, energy and cybersecurity.

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Results: entrepreneurship is deeply rooted in Emirati society. According to GEM, 67% of adults in the UAE know an entrepreneur or feel capable of starting a business. 70% see concrete opportunities to create a local business. What's more, entrepreneurship is seen as more than just a means to profit: 78% of new entrepreneurs emphasize social and environmental impact, 75% plan to hire at least six people in the next five years, and 80% intend to integrate digital technologies into their processes.

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In conclusion, it's vital to understand that SMEs account for 94% of the country's businesses and employ 86% of the workforce. However, investing in startups also means feeding the pool of SMEs. That's why startups are at the heart of our economic diversification strategy, which aims to reduce our dependence on hydrocarbons. The objective is clear: to reach one million SMEs by 2031 and give birth to 10 unicorns, startups with a valuation in excess of one billion dollars. With the example of Careem, sold to Uber for $3.1 billion, the United Arab Emirates are showing that they already have the means to achieve their ambitions. The country's trajectory should become a source of inspiration for all MENA countries which, by putting in place a favorable political, legal and financial framework, will be able to follow in the footsteps of the United Arab Emirates, now a leading regional and international actor.

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Sources :

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https://gemconsortium.org/report/gem-20242025-global-report-entrepreneurship-reality-check-4

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https://economymiddleeast.com/news/uae-tops-ranking-in-global-entrepreneurship-monitor-2025-report-for-4-years-running/

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https://www.khaleejtimes.com/business/uae-retains-rank-as-top-global-entrepreneurship-powerhouse?_refresh=true

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https://gulfnews.com/business/markets/uae-tops-global-entrepreneurship-rankings-for-fourth-consecutive-year-1.500080499

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Wajdi Mouawad is a playwright, director, actor and theater manager born in Lebanon in 1968. His career has been...

Wajdi Mouawad, passionate and activist Lebanese playwright

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The deep influence of exile

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Mouawad's work is intimately linked to his childhood and deeply influenced by his difficult experience of exile. His plays often feature characters in identity crisis, marked by personal and historical trauma. Works such as Incendies (2003), adapted for the screen by Denis Villeneuve, and Seuls (2008) explore these themes with remarkable intensity. Mouawad's writing reflects an intimate pain and a profound questioning of identity and belonging. For example, in Visage retrouvé and Seuls, the protagonists are alter egos of the author, struggling to reconcile their childhood memories with their uprooted adult reality. These characters try to patch up the cracks in their identity shattered by exile, seeking to regain a sense of fulfillment they lost when they left their homeland.

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Art for unity

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Mouawad uses his art to address issues of social justice and historical memory. He also criticizes conflicts and political divisions, seeking to build bridges between cultures and peoples. For example, in 2017, his play Tous des oiseaux provoked controversy due to the participation of Israeli actors and partial funding by the Israeli embassy in Paris. This controversy is exacerbated by geopolitical tensions between Israel and Lebanon. Mouawad nevertheless defends the importance of intercultural dialogue and mutual understanding, despite criticism and threats.

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A few days ago, Mouawad once again found himself at the heart of a political controversy with his play Journée de noces chez les Cromagnons. Originally scheduled to be performed in Beirut, the play had to be cancelled due to threats and pressure linked to its alleged proximity to Israel. This situation is not exceptional and reflects the persistent tensions and divisions within the Lebanese artistic world, greatly exacerbated by the current geopolitical context.

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Credit:Fadi Abi Samra and Jean Destrem, in “Journée de noces chez les Cromagnons”, by Wajdi Mouawad, at La Colline, Paris, May 14, 2024. Simon Gosselin

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Despite this new challenge, Wajdi Mouawad is not giving up. Determined to make his voice and those of his characters heard, he fights to ensure that Journée de noces chez les Cromagnons can be broadcast. Mouawad found an invaluable ally in Josyane Boulos, director of Théâtre Le Monnot, who courageously reported on the pressure and threats her team had been subjected to. Together, they are working to find solutions, including mobilizing a network, so that the play can be presented to the Lebanese public, even if this means considering alternatives such as online broadcasts or performances in less exposed venues.

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Hope and resilience

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For Mouawad, this fight is more than just a battle for the distribution of his play: it's a struggle for freedom of expression, justice and human dignity. He sees the current challenges as an opportunity to strengthen solidarity within the artistic community, and to recall the importance of art as a vehicle for social change and intercultural dialogue. Despite threats and pressure, Mouawad remains true to his convictions and resolutely declares:

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"I will continue to speak about this land that I love and this war that I don't love. That's my role."

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His commitment inspires not only his colleagues and friends, but also a growing public that recognizes the importance of thinking about a future other than the one of conflict. Through his works and actions, Wajdi Mouawad demonstrates that art can and must be a space for resistance, reflection and reconciliation. His determination to make his voice heard, and that of those he represents, is a powerful reminder of art's ability to transcend barriers and build bridges between cultures and peoples.

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Sources :

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https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/les-masterclasses/wajdi-mouawad-il-y-a-une-ligne-une-ethique-qui-se-joint-au-geste-de-la-creation-et-qui-devient-une-veritable-vocation-9807015

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https://leclaireur.fnac.com/article/38465-wajdi-mouawad-le-theatre-comme-terre-dexil/

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https://revuepostures.com/fr/articles/gareau-12

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https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2024/06/06/au-printemps-des-comediens-wajdi-mouawad-si-loin-si-proche-du-liban_6237557_3246.html

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In the heart of the desert, in Dubai, so often associated with its iconic skyscrapers, a major transformation is...

Dubai, between sky and land: the pedestrian revolution underway

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A visionary plan

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Firstly, this visionary plan involves the construction of 3,300 km of new footpaths and the rehabilitation of 2,300 km of existing footpaths by 2040. Once completed, a further 900 km will be developed after 2040. At the same time, 110 pedestrian bridges and tunnels will be built to improve connectivity between neighborhoods. The plan also includes the creation of 112 km of waterside paths, 124 km of green alleys and 150 km of rural footpaths. Two key routes stand out: the “Al Ras”, a 15 km route that will connect historic monuments while revitalizing 5 km of waterfront, and the “Future Loop”, a 2 km elevated walkway around the Museum of the Future, complemented by a 30,000 m² air-conditioned zone, making walking enjoyable even in the hottest months. In addition, the project aims to encourage soft modes of transport, such as walking and cycling, increasing their share of urban travel from 13% to 25% by 2040. To achieve this, Dubai is adopting practices inspired by “20-minute city” models, following the example of Melbourne and Paris. This approach guarantees that 80% of residents' daily needs - schools, shops and workplaces - will be accessible on foot or by bicycle in less than 20 minutes.

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Thus, the heart of the Dubai Walk Masterplan is to transform the city's streets into living spaces accessible to all. The main objective is to reduce dependence on motorized vehicles by creating a dense network of pedestrian walkways, bicycle paths and green spaces. In addition to the objectives already mentioned, solar benches, low-energy lighting systems and intelligent infrastructures will be installed to enhance user comfort. In parallel, the project also includes “quiet zones”, areas where cars will be prohibited, allowing residents and visitors to enjoy parks, open-air cafés and cultural areas without noise or pollution.

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A vital response to climate change

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Without doubt, transforming Dubai into a pedestrian city is about more than just cosmetic improvements. It is a concrete response to environmental challenges, including reducing CO2 emissions and combating the effects of urban heat islands. To this extent, the project is in line with the United Arab Emirates' commitments to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Let's not forget that the country is fully exposed to the consequences of climate change and must do everything in its power to adapt. With this project, Dubai is positioning itself as a model for other major cities in the region, such as Riyadh. The city is demonstrating that urban innovation must meet the needs of the population while taking into account the global challenges of climate change. This plan is not just a milestone in Dubai's development; it resonates as a call to rethink the way in which the city and its inhabitants lives.

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Sources :

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https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/uae/2024/12/07/dubai-to-be-transformed-into-pedestrian-friendly-city-under-new-masterplan/

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https://www.dezeen.com/2024/12/17/dubai-walk-masterplan-pedestrian/

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https://lepetitjournal.com/dubai/dubai-record-17-millions-visiteurs-2023-378531

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https://www.hawkinvest.fr/post/le-dubai-walk-master-plan-une-r%C3%A9volution-urbaine-pour-l-avenir-de-duba%C3%AF

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For nearly a thousand years, France has maintained close ties with the Middle East. From the Crusades of the...

TotalEnergies, Alstom, Orange : The French Giants Investing in the Middle East of Tomorrow

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However, from the 1970s onwards, it was no longer just diplomats shaping these exchanges— businesses took over. The rise of international trade strengthened economic ties between Paris and capitals such as Beirut, Damascus, Tel Aviv, and Tehran. The French automotive industry was a major beneficiary: in 1965, it exported €1.14 billion worth of vehicles to the region, where nearly a third of all cars on the road were Peugeots. Today, these economic ties are being redefined around new industries. By the end of 2023, the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical sectors recorded record growth, summing €2.5 billion in trade—more than double the volume seen during the post-war economic boom. In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu praised the “pacifying virtues” of commerce, a notion that resonates strongly in 2025, as major French players in telecommunications, infrastructure, and energy make significant investments in the region. Among them, three companies stand out for their strategic presence in the region:

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#1 - Orange and Eutelsat Join Forces to Connect the Middle East and Africa

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“If you want to go fast, go alone; if you want to go far, go together.” Orange and Eutelsat have fully embraced this proverb. On March 4, the two French giants announced a strategic partnership spanning Africa and the Middle East to connect the region’s most remote areas with high-speed internet. In practice, Orange will rely on Eutelsat Connect’s satellite capacity to provide “reliable and secure” connectivity to individuals and businesses while adapting to local market conditions and national regulations.

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Deployment will follow a north-south trajectory, starting with Jordan before expanding to Ivory Coast, Senegal, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. With an international presence spanning 26 countries and 241 million customers in 2022, Orange continues to push ambitious initiatives. The company has already partnered with OpenAI and Meta to integrate African regional languages into open-source AI models. This latest venture underscores the fact that at the crossroads of mobile telecommunications and satellite technology, innovation is thriving.

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#2 - Alstom Extends Riyadh’s Transport Network and Accelerates Saudi Arabia’s Railway Transition

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Connection—linguistic, digital, and commercial—has become the watchword of the Gulf states’ economic and political transformations. In Saudi Arabia, this connection is now being extended to land transport. With a landmass four times the size of France, the kingdom has long struggled to develop an optimal transportation network. That era is coming to an end. On November 27, 2024, Riyadh inaugurated its first-ever metro line, an ambitious project developed in collaboration with Alstom and the Royal Commission for AlUla. This ultra-modern network spans 176 kilometers and includes six lines, which officially began operations on December 1. Alstom, Europe’s leading manufacturer of multiple-unit trains, supplied rolling stock for four of these lines while also providing an advanced signaling system and energy recovery technology for braking.

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In today’s globalized world, where trade liberalization stimulates international commerce, the rail transport sector is emerging as a key financial opportunity. Between 2017 and 2019, the global railway market was valued at over €42 billion. With a compound annual growth rate of 2% (Mordor Intelligence), it is projected to surpass €44 billion by 2027. The Saudi government has identified this sector’s potential and is investing heavily. The rise in global trade and the proliferation of trade agreements are further driving infrastructure expansion. Whereas high costs once hindered railway development, rail transport is now ten times cheaper than road transport and consumes twenty times less fuel. Given these dynamics, investments in infrastructure and technology are expected to accelerate, reinforcing the role of railways in the mobility of the future.

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#3 - TotalEnergies : Betting on the Middle East to Reverse Its Trajectory

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TotalEnergies SE is one of the world’s leading oil companies, but 2024 has seen a slowdown in its performance. Its revenue fell from €214 million in 2023 to €206 million in 2024, while its debt servicing costs increased, reaching €1 million compared to €921,000 the previous year. Facing these financial headwinds, the French energy giant is reassessing its strategy to regain upward momentum.

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In Iraq, the company launched the rapid construction of a gas treatment unit at the Ratawi oil field in the Basra region on January 10. The goal: to curb flaring and reduce pollution. This initiative is part of a $10 billion investment, originally not intended for Iraq. However, under pressure from the Iraqi government—keen to demonstrate its commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions while securing gas supplies for its power plants—TotalEnergies must demonstrate resilience and ingenuity to align with Baghdad’s political agenda.

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Meanwhile, in Oman, TotalEnergies is accelerating its diversification with the launch of Marsa, a liquefied natural gas (LNG) project developed in partnership with investment firm OQ. The goal is to produce LNG using solar energy, specifically for local maritime transport—a first for the region. Against the backdrop of a protracted energy crisis in Europe, TotalEnergies is looking to bolster its green credentials. The company now allocates 3% of its workforce to OneTech, its research and development arm focused on energy transition. Among its flagship initiatives, it plans to cut methane emissions by 80% over the next decade, leveraging drone technology to detect gas leaks worldwide.

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Sources :

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ABC Bourse : Profil société de TotalEnergies

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L'Usine Nouvelle : Internet par satellite : Partenariat entre Orange et Eutelsat en Afrique et au Moyen-Orient

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Mordor Intelligence : Analyse de la taille et de la part du marché du fret ferroviaire – Tendances de croissance et prévisions (2024-2029)

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Statista : Groupe Alstom - Faits et chiffres

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Statista : Orange - Faits et chiffres

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Statista : TotalEnergies - Faits et chiffres

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Crédits image : LCRS Politica - le retour en fanfare de TotalEnergies en Irak

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It's a new page in the history of Anghami. The music streaming platform, a pioneer in the Middle East and North ...

Anghami : The symphony of a Lebanese success story

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Eddy Maroun (left) and Élie Habib, co-founders of Anghami, ring the opening bell of the New York Stock Exchange on February 3. Photo DR

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From beginnings to success

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The Anghami story began in Lebanon in 2012, at a time when access to music in the MENA region was not yet fully democratized, and in an industry dominated by illegal downloading practices and a lack of suitable offerings. Faced with this reality, Eddy Maroun and Elie Habib came up with the idea of creating a legal platform that would offer an accessible alternative while promoting local artists. Yet the beginnings were not easy. Initial funding came largely from the co-founders' personal savings and a few regional investors convinced by the market potential and the founders' vision. However, with a small team and limited resources, Anghami successfully launched its first version within a few months of its creation. What set Anghami apart from the start was its ability to adapt to the cultural specificities of the region, and thus to understand its users' needs in depth. By integrating features such as offline downloading for areas with low connectivity, or featuring personalized playlists by country, the startup quickly succeeded in finding its market.

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Since its creation, Anghami has come a long way. Today, the platform boasts over 100 million registered users, with a rich music catalog of over 125 million songs and podcasts. What's more, the startup is posting average annual growth of 40%, a gargantuan figure that testifies to its relevance in a constantly evolving market. According to Eddy Maroun, "The success of this partnership is a testament to the power of collaboration and innovation. With this new investment from OSN Group, we are poised to elevate the digital entertainment experience for MENA audiences even further and expand our reach."

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A strategic vision for growth

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Now it's time for Anghami to accelerate its growth. Nevertheless, the fund-raising with OSN goes far beyond financial support. OSN, a major player in television and digital streaming in the MENA region, sees in Anghami a strategic platform for expanding its digital ecosystem. This partnership paves the way for a collaboration aimed at integrating enriched video content into Anghami's offering. The aim is to offer a multimedia experience that combines music, video and live performances.

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The $55 million raised will be used to reinforce several of Anghami's growth axes, notably with the expansion of the user content library. In addition to growing the user base, the startup plans to optimize the technologies used to personalize the customer experience. To achieve this, Anghami will also invest heavily in artificial intelligence to improve its music recommendation algorithms. The focus will be on user engagement through personalized playlists and innovative features. At the same time, production of exclusive local content will be stepped up, with greater support for emerging artists and original creations. Anghami also plans to strengthen its presence at live events, enabling users to enjoy immersive experiences that combine music and social interaction. This initiative is aimed at building loyalty among the young audience that forms the core of its user base.

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But Anghami isn't just a successful start-up; it's also inspiring a new generation of entrepreneurs in the MENA region. Its success embodies the bright, entrepreneurial spirit of the region's new wave of entrepreneurs. It is proof by example that, as it grows, an Oriental start-up can compete with the world's market giants.

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Sources :

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https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1440195/anghami-obtient-un-investissement-de-55-millions-de-dollars-du-groupe-osn.html?utm_source=CMS-46&utm_campaign=Post-127069&utm_medium=whatsapp

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https://www.wamda.com/2024/12/anghami-wraps-2024-additional-55-million-investment-osn

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https://enterprise.news/uae/en/news/story/31478e44-668a-4b09-bccf-c1685ddd87b6/anghami-secures-usd-55-mn-in-a-funding-round-from-osn

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https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1293075/de-beyrouth-a-new-york-le-fabuleux-destin-danghami.html

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https://www.lesnumeriques.com/pro/anghami-le-monde-arabe-a-son-spotify-qui-revendique-pres-de-100-millions-d-utilisateurs-n201409.html

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Morocco is set to write a new chapter in its football history by co-hosting the 2030 FIFA World Cup alongside...

Morocco’s role in the 2030 FIFA World Cup: a central part in a historic edition

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A project that embodies Morocco’s ambitions

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For decades, Morocco has aspired to host a World Cup. After five unsuccessful bids, most recently for the 2026 edition, the kingdom’s efforts have finally paid off. As a co-host, Morocco will host several matches, cementing its status as a sporting hub in Africa. Morocco’s selection is based on several strengths. First, the country boasts modern sports infrastructure, including the Mohammed V Stadium in Casablanca, the Grand Stadium of Marrakech, and the Tangier Stadium, which recently hosted the 2023 FIFA Club World Cup final. These venues will undergo further upgrades to meet FIFA’s high standards. Second, Morocco’s strategic geographic position, close to Europe, combined with its proven track record in hosting international sporting events such as the Africa Cup of Nations and the African Nations Championship, makes it a natural choice.

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This co-organization also sends a strong message: Africa is ready to play a central role on the global sporting stage. It symbolizes unprecedented transcontinental cooperation between Europe and Africa, reinforcing Morocco’s position as a bridge between the two continents.

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Expected economic and social benefits

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Hosting the 2030 World Cup presents a unique opportunity for Morocco, with significant economic benefits. Projections estimate that the event could generate billions of dirhams in direct and indirect revenues. The tourism sector, in particular, is set to see a surge in international visitors drawn not only to the matches but also to Morocco’s cultural and natural attractions, such as Marrakech, Chefchaouen, and the Sahara Desert.

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Thousands of jobs will be created across various sectors, from stadium construction and renovation to hospitality and services. Moreover, the event is expected to accelerate the development of transportation infrastructure, including railways and airports, enhancing Morocco’s long-term economic appeal.

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On a social level, the World Cup represents an opportunity to unite Moroccans around a shared national project. Football is a national passion, as demonstrated by the euphoric response to Morocco’s historic semi-final run at the 2022 World Cup, the first by an African and Arab nation. This tournament will further strengthen national pride and unity.

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Logistical and environmental challenges

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An event of this scale is not without challenges. Logistically, Morocco will need to coordinate closely with its European partners to ensure a seamless experience for teams and fans. This includes synchronizing schedules, standardizing infrastructure, and streamlining administrative processes such as visa arrangements.

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Environmental impact poses another major challenge. FIFA has pledged to make the 2030 World Cup the most sustainable in history, which will require significant efforts. Morocco will need to invest in eco-friendly solutions, such as using renewable energy to power stadiums, reducing plastic waste, and promoting eco-friendly transportation to limit carbon emissions. Raising awareness among fans about responsible practices will also be crucial. Campaigns to encourage environmentally conscious behavior among both local citizens and international visitors could be key to achieving sustainability goals.

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A diplomatic and cultural opportunity

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Beyond football, the 2030 World Cup offers Morocco an exceptional platform on the international stage. The kingdom will have the chance to showcase its rich and diverse culture through parallel events such as festivals and exhibitions during the tournament. These initiatives will reinforce Morocco’s image as a dynamic, modern, and welcoming destination.

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Diplomatically, this co-hosting arrangement is the result of a well-executed strategy by Morocco. By partnering with two European powers, the kingdom is strengthening its ties with the European Union while asserting its leadership role in Africa. This cooperation could pave the way for future partnerships in areas such as trade, energy, and education.

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A symbol of national ambition

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Morocco’s participation in the 2030 World Cup is more than just a sporting milestone, it is a reflection of the country’s ambition to position itself as a key player on the global stage. By engaging in this co-organization, Morocco is not merely celebrating football; it is reaffirming its role as a bridge between Europe and Africa and its commitment to sustainable and inclusive development. For Moroccans, this tournament will be a chance to showcase their legendary hospitality and demonstrate that the kingdom is ready to rise to the challenge of hosting a global event.

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Sources :

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https://www.fifa.com/fr/tournaments/mens/worldcup/articles/coupe-du-monde-2030-hotes-equipes-qualifiees-candidature-espagne-argentine-maroc-uruguay-portugal-paraguay

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https://medias24.com/2024/11/07/coupe-du-monde-2030-voici-levaluation-chiffree-de-lobservatoire-du-travail-gouvernemental/

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https://fr.hespress.com/394346-cdm-2030-jusqua-10-milliards-de-dollars-en-retombees-economiques-mais-des-defis-persistent.html

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https://fnh.ma/article/actualite-economique/politiques-publiques-coupe-monde-2030

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https://fnh.ma/article/actualite-economique/ide-impact-mondial-can-maroc

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https://fr.le360.ma/economie/mondial-2030-les-retombees-socioeconomiques-attendues-pour-le-maroc_AZPVHQLXHBCWDFKIDKVWCMHUNI/

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It's a milestone as symbolic as it is strategic. On April 10, 2025, Tesla will hold an official launch event in...

Tesla launch in Saudi Arabia : symbol and strategy

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The event, to be held at Bujairi Terrace, will offer the public the chance to discover Tesla's best-selling range, but also to “experience the future of autonomous driving with the Cybercab and meet Optimus, our humanoid robot, as we showcase what's coming in AI and robotics”, according to the company's official website.

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A new market, a complex context

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Firstly, this move comes at a difficult time for Tesla, which is facing a decline in worldwide sales, particularly in Europe, where its founder's diatribes are crystallizing tensions. Specifically, the company recorded a historic 1% drop in annual sales, the first since its IPO. In Europe, Tesla saw its sales drop by 42.6% at the start of 2025, even as overall sales of electric vehicles continued to grow on the continent. In China, sales plunged 49.2% in February, reaching their lowest level since August 2022. In its own US market, Tesla has to contend with the controversy surrounding Elon Musk's political role as head of the Department of Government Efficiency under the Trump administration. This appointment triggered a wave of peaceful protests, vandalism against showrooms and even the creation of a special FBI unit to “crack down on violent attacks against Tesla”. The company's share price has fallen by 40% since its peak in December 2024.

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Faced with this situation, entering a dynamic new market like Saudi Arabia could offer the company a second wind.

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Saudi Arabia, a fertile breeding ground for electric vehicles

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For the moment, electric vehicles still account for just over 1% of car sales in the Kingdom, but the trend is clearly upwards. Indeed, the Saudi government is pursuing an existential strategy to reduce its dependence on oil through Vision 2030. The country's goal of carbon neutrality has already set in motion a series of policies to decarbonize the economy, with the electric car industry playing a central role. Tesla thus joins an industrial landscape and market in the throes of change. However, things won't be easy for the players involved. The Public Investment Fund (PIF), the Kingdom's sovereign wealth fund, is the main investor in Lucid Motors, a direct competitor of Tesla. Lucid opened its first plant outside the USA in Saudi Arabia in 2023, with an annual production capacity of 5,000 vehicles, and in January 2025 became the first global automaker to join the “Made in Saudi” program. At the same time, the Kingdom launched its own national electric vehicle brand, Ceer, announced in 2022 by Crown Prince Mohammed ben Salmane. Ceer signed eleven contracts in February 2025, worth a total of 5.5 billion Saudi riyals, and is scheduled for launch in 2026. The brand is expected to contribute 30 billion riyals ($7.9 billion) to Saudi GDP by 2034.

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A step into the future, between technology and sustainability

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Tesla's arrival in Saudi Arabia is not just an opportunity for the American automaker, it's also a powerful sounding board for the Kingdom's ambitions and successes. By welcoming one of the greatest symbols of innovation and sustainable mobility, Riyadh is sending out a clear signal: Saudi Arabia is decarbonizing its economy and becoming a global crossroads for technology, ecological transition and innovation. What's more, by attracting a world-renowned player, the country is strengthening its attractiveness to investors, international talent and companies looking for a promising, visionary market. This opening up to the big names in technological capitalism also demonstrates Saudi Arabia's ability to reposition its image on the international stage, far from the stereotypes it is sometimes given. The arrival of Tesla alongside Lucid Motors and the development of Ceer, for example, confirm the ambition of an economic model in which industrial innovation no longer opposes the environment, but is fully integrated into it.

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Sources :

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https://edition.cnn.com/2025/03/26/business/tesla-saudi-arabia-elon-musk-intl/index.html

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https://www.arabnews.com/node/2594875/business-economy

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https://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/industry/energy/russia-and-ukraine-reach-sea-and-energy-ceasefire-washington-pushes-for-sanctions-relief

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The quest for pure, drinkable water is as old as civilization itself. In the Bible, the first water engineer...

Desalination in the Middle East : The Race for Freshwater

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Following in Miriam’s footsteps, the modern minds of the MENA-GCC region (Middle East and North Africa - Gulf Cooperation Council) continue to grapple with water scarcity. Desalination has emerged as the preferred solution to address mounting water stress—the imbalance between demand and available resources. In the UAE, 42% of potable water comes from desalination; in Kuwait, the figure stands at 90%, in Oman at 86%, and in Saudi Arabia at 70%.
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As pioneers in this field, Gulf scientists are witnessing a boom in desalination industries. The United Nations projects that by 2025, two-thirds of the global population will face water scarcity. Today, more than 21,000 desalination plants operate worldwide, nearly double the number a decade ago. The salinity problem is no longer confined to the Gulf. It now resonates across the shores of East Asia, the Americas, and Europe. Spain has become the world’s fourth-largest desalination operator, with over 900 facilities. In 2020 alone, China and the US West Coast announced 35 new desalination plants. Consequently, Middle Eastern countries plan to double their desalination capacity within five years as part of post-oil strategic plans. Ambitious projects are also underway in North Africa, including in nations previously blessed with abundant freshwater like Morocco and Algeria.

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A broad spectrum of industrial actors is involved in this transformation. For over a decade, French giants Engie and Veolia have led the market. Veolia’s recent merger with Suez expanded its reach across the Americas and the Middle East, where it already has a strong presence. Israel’s desalination champion, IDE Technologies, remains a formidable competitor. What new challenges, solutions, and projects will emerge to soften the land and foster better multilateral cooperation ?
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Challenges : Breaking the Vicious Cycle of Brine and Carbon Emissions

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While the MENA region leads in desalination, it faces a Sisyphean dilemma : for every liter of freshwater produced, 1.5 liters of chemical-laden brine is discharged back into the sea. Current methods contribute to ocean warming. Although the region produces approximately 48% of the world’s desalinated water, it is also responsible for 55% of global brine discharge. Four countries —Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Kuwait, and Qatar—are the chief culprits.

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Another facet of this technological innovation is its energy consumption. Desalinating seawater remains both costly and energy-intensive. Without an alternative model, plants in Riyadh and Abu Dhabi are projected to consume the daily energy output of one to two nuclear power stations by 2030. The regional challenge is thus to transition from gas or coal-powered plants to low-carbon energy sources.

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Osmosun : The French SME Bringing Energy Efficiency to the Gulf

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Abu Dhabi’s Masdar Institute is actively developing new desalination models with an eye toward creativity and sustainability. During the 2016 International Water Summit (IWS), the Emirati university hosted an innovation contest addressing the region’s water challenges.

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Unexpectedly, a small French company from Chartres stole the show. Osmosun, formerly known as Mascara, dazzled the jury with its pioneering photovoltaic desalination technology. Founders Maxime Haudebourg and Marc Vergnet, seasoned experts in African markets, aimed to expand their approach to deliver autonomous solutions across wider territories. The institute not only awarded Osmosun first prize but also financed extensive testing of their machine. This support accelerated the company’s growth, leading to applications of its technology in Senegal, South Africa, and Mauritania, before eventually going public last July.

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A Desalination Revolution ?

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Today, production capacity, operational costs, energy consumption, and infrastructure longevity are decisive factors for winning contracts in the desalination industry. Growing awareness of climate change effects across the MENA region is spurring the development of new technologies, representing a market projected to be worth $97 billion between 2024 and 2028. This booming sector is now an essential part of the toolkit for tackling water scarcity.

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Veolia, a key player in the industry, continues to expand its Middle Eastern operations with the aim of increasing its regional revenue by 50% by 2030. After fifty years in the region, the French group generated €1.1 billion in revenue in 2023 through its three core businesses : water, energy, and waste management. To strengthen its position in water technology, Veolia is focusing on its GreenUp 2024-2027 strategy.

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The company aspires to provide its services to flagship sites in the region, including the Hassyan plant—the world’s second-largest and most energy-efficient—as well as the Hamriyah and Mirfa 2 plants in the UAE, the Sur plant in Oman, and the Sadara Marafiq facility in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, Veolia has signed a strategic partnership with Saudi Investment Recycling Company (SIRC), a subsidiary of the Saudi Public Investment Fund, aimed at developing a national and regional leader in organic and industrial waste treatment by 2027.

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Israel is not being left behind in this revolution. On June 26, 2023, the European Investment Bank approved €150 million to finance a desalination project in Western Galilee. Named Birkat Miriam, after the biblical priestess, the facility marks a turning point in Israel’s water management strategy, as it is the first desalination plant built in the northern part of the country.

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The European Investment Bank has previously supported four large-scale desalination facilities in Israel, along with innovative projects in Jordan and Djibouti. These initiatives signal a new paradigm : accessible, controlled water in a region increasingly thirsty for innovation.

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Sources :

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Banque Européenne d'Investissement : la BEI accorde 150 millions d'EUR pour un projet de dessalement de l'eau en Galilée occidentale

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Carep Paris : Une cartographie de la course au dessalement dans le monde arabe

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Ifri : Géopolitique du dessalement d'eau de mer

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Les Échos - investir : Véolia vise une croissance de 50% de son chiffre d'affaires au Moyen-Orient d'ici 2030

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Radio France : La mer à boire des usines de dessalement

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Radio France : Osmosun - dessaler l'eau de mer avec l'énergie solaire

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Véolie : communiqué de presse du 2 décembre 2024

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The Camp David Accords of 1979 remain the crowning achievement of modern Egyptian diplomacy—but they also marked...

Egypt’s Foreign Policy Since 1979: Stability Over Ambition

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The Camp David Legacy: Peace, Prosperity, and Retreat

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The 1979 treaty with Israel didn’t just normalise relations between the two nations—it fundamentally reshaped Egypt’s place in the Middle East. Overnight, the country went from the vanguard of Arab nationalism under Gamal Abdel Nasser to a pariah in the Arab League. Yet for Egypt’s leaders, the trade-off was clear: American patronage and internal stability were worth the loss of regional influence.

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• Egypt became the second-largest recipient of U.S. foreign aid after Israel, ensuring military and economic lifelines.

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• The peace treaty allowed Cairo to demilitarise the Sinai and focus on domestic governance rather than external conflicts.

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• But the price was steep—Egypt’s voice in pan-Arab affairs diminished, and its foreign policy became reactive rather than visionary.

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The Mubarak Era: Neutrality as a Survival Strategy

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Under Hosni Mubarak (1981-2011), Egypt perfected the art of strategic caution. While the Middle East convulsed with wars and revolutions, Mubarak’s Egypt avoided deep entanglements:

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• Mediator, Not Maverick: Cairo positioned itself as a go-between in Palestinian-Israeli talks but rarely took bold stances.

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• The Gulf Wars: Egypt joined the U.S.-led coalition in 1991—but only symbolically—and sat out the 2003 Iraq invasion entirely.

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• Silence on Iran: Unlike Saudi Arabia or Iraq, Mubarak’s Egypt avoided direct confrontation with Tehran, even during the Iran-Iraq War.

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The message was clear: Egypt would no longer fight other people’s battles.

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‍The Arab Spring and Its Aftermath: An Islamist Departure from Tradition

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The 2011 revolution briefly upended Egypt’s cautious foreign policy. Mohamed Morsi’s Muslim Brotherhood government (2012-2013) sought to reassert Egypt’s regional adventurism in the pursuit of an Islamist foreign policy:

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• Rebuilding ties with Iran and Hamas, breaking from decades of U.S.-aligned policy.

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• Challenging Gulf monarchies, particularly Saudi Arabia and the UAE.

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But the experiment was short-lived. Morsi’s ouster in 2013 and Abdel Fattah el-Sisi’s rise restored the old playbook—stability over ambition.

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Sisi’s Egypt: The Status Quo on Steroids

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Under Sisi, Egypt has doubled down on its risk-averse approach:

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• Deepening ties with Israel (particularly on Gaza security and Sinai counterterrorism).

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• Avoiding regional wars (staying out of Syria, Yemen, and Libya beyond limited interventions).
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• Egypt's restrained posture on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) dispute reveals the limits of its status quo approach. While Cairo has consistently framed Ethiopia's Nile dam as an existential threat to its water security, it has so far conspicuously avoided military action. Recent developments - including Egypt's troop deployment to Somalia, interpreted by pro-government voices as a strategic counter to Ethiopia - suggest a potential shift in tactics. However, there remains no credible evidence that Egypt is preparing for direct military confrontation in the near future, maintaining its characteristic caution despite escalating rhetoric.

Even as the Middle East realigns—with normalisation deals, shifting alliances, and new conflicts—Egypt remains frozen in time, prioritising regime survival over geopolitical ambition.

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The Perils of Passive Power

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Egypt’s foreign policy since 1979 has been a masterclass in risk management—but also a story of squandered influence. While the Camp David Accords brought stability, they also locked Egypt into a defensive posture, where the fear of disruption outweighs the rewards of leadership.

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Today, as regional powers like Saudi Arabia, Turkey, the UAE and Iran carve out assertive roles, Egypt remains a spectator rather than a shaper of the Middle East’s future. The question is no longer whether Egypt will reclaim its past prominence—but whether it even wants to.

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A New Chapter? Sisi’s Calculated Gambit in the Gaza War

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Egypt’s long-standing policy of cautious neutrality may be facing its most serious challenge—and opportunity—in decades. President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, facing economic crisis and dwindling domestic support, appears to be testing a more assertive regional role amid the Israel-Hamas war, using the conflict to bolster his standing at home and abroad.

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From Mediator to Moral Authority

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For years, Egypt’s involvement in Gaza was transactional: it brokered ceasefires, controlled the Rafah crossing, and quietly cooperated with Israel on security—all while avoiding overt political alignment. But since October 7, Sisi has adopted a strikingly different tone:

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• Public Condemnation of Israel and denying its right to exist: Breaking from decades of tempered diplomacy, Sisi has accused Israel of "collective punishment" and framed the war as an existential struggle for Palestinians, while allowing official clergy to outright deny Israel’s right to exist and declare their support for Hamas.

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The Egyptian Grand Mufti posting with a map replacing Israel with “Palestine” on 29 March.

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• Mass Protests (Officially Tolerated): Rare state-sanctioned demonstrations against Israel, including at border areas near Gaza, have allowed Egyptians to vent anger—a carefully managed outlet for frustrations that might otherwise target Sisi’s own government.

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• Humanitarian Posturing: Egypt’s refusal to accept Palestinian refugees, framed as resistance to "ethnic cleansing," plays well domestically while subtly pressuring Washington.

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A Bid for Regional Relevance

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Sisi’s rhetoric isn’t just for domestic consumption—it’s an attempt to reclaim Egypt’s lapsed leadership in the Arab world:

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• Contrast with Gulf States: While Saudi Arabia and the UAE hedge their positions, Egypt’s anti-Israel stance resonates on the Arab street, drawing implicit comparisons to Nasser’s legacy.

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• Leveraging the U.S. Dilemma: By positioning Egypt as indispensable to ceasefire talks (while criticising Washington), Sisi extracts concessions—from IMF loan flexibility to muted criticism of his human rights record.

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• The Somalia Gambit: Deploying troops near Ethiopia coincides with Gaza tensions, signalling that Egypt may no longer be content with passive deterrence in Nile disputes.

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Limits of the Shift

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Yet this remains tactical, not transformational:

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• No Rupture with Israel: Security coordination, albeit more limited now, continues behind the scenes.

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• Economic Realities Prevail: With over $165 billion in external debt, Egypt can’t afford true confrontation with Western backers.

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• The Army Stays Home: Despite bluster, there’s no indication Egypt would directly intervene in Gaza or the Red Sea.

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A Temporary Departure?

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Sisi’s Gaza strategy reveals a leader adapting to survive—using nationalist fervour to distract from economic pain while testing how far Egypt can push without upending its status quo dependencies. Whether this marks a lasting shift or a fleeting crisis-mode posture depends on one factor: how much the West, especially the US, is willing to pay to keep Egypt quiet again.

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In short, Egypt no longer leads the Arab world—it merely hopes to survive in it, while Sisi is discovering that, in a burning region, even bystanders can profit from the heat.

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‍Click here to download the PDF file of this article.

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Ouarzazate, known as the “Hollywood of the Desert,” is a small town in southeastern Morocco, situated at the ...

Ouarzazate, the "Hollywood of the Desert": at the heart of global film productions

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A unique natural setting for diverse productions

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The main draw of Ouarzazate lies in its spectacular and diverse landscapes. From its arid deserts and the Atlas Mountains to lush oases and traditional earthen kasbahs, the region offers natural backdrops that can transform into almost any location worldwide. These landscapes have served as the setting for iconic films such as Lawrence of Arabia (1962), Gladiator (2000), and The Mummy (1999).

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The ease with which these natural settings can adapt to various historical or geographical contexts makes Ouarzazate a strategic choice. The golden dunes of the desert can evoke Ancient Egypt, the Middle East, or even imaginary planets, as seen in Game of Thrones and Star Wars. This versatility significantly reduces production costs, as filmmakers do not need to use multiple locations.

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World-class film infrastructure

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In addition to its landscapes, Ouarzazate boasts state-of-the-art film infrastructure that rivals major cinema hubs. The Atlas Studios, established in 1983, rank among the largest film studios in the world. They offer vast sets, modern equipment, and highly skilled technical staff.

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These studios have hosted major international productions, such as Kingdom of Heaven (2005) by Ridley Scott and Babel (2006) by Alejandro González Iñárritu. The studios also provide pre-built sets, saving valuable time for productions. Directors can, for instance, use replicas of Egyptian temples or medieval towns without constructing new structures.

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The presence of this infrastructure also supports the training and employment of local technicians, fostering a self-sustaining cinematic ecosystem. Additionally, the straightforward process of obtaining filming permits is often highlighted by industry professionals as a significant advantage.

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An affordable destination for big productions

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Cost-effectiveness is another factor that makes Ouarzazate attractive. Filming in Morocco is far cheaper than in many other countries. Labor costs are competitive, and the Moroccan government offers appealing tax incentives. Since 2016, the kingdom has reimbursed up to 20% of eligible expenses for foreign productions.

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These economic benefits have attracted productions from various countries, including the United States, Europe, and India. Bollywood, for instance, has embraced Ouarzazate as one of its preferred destinations for shooting grand outdoor scenes.

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Significant impact on the local economy

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Ouarzazate’s rise as a cinematic destination has had a profound economic impact on the region. The film industry creates thousands of direct and indirect jobs. Local residents from the town and surrounding villages are often hired as extras, technicians, or drivers. Hotels, restaurants, and local businesses also benefit from the influx of visitors associated with film shoots.

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Furthermore, Ouarzazate’s popularity has boosted tourism. The Atlas Studios and the Aït Ben Haddou Kasbah, a UNESCO World Heritage site, attract thousands of visitors annually. This cultural and cinematic tourism provides a vital source of revenue for the local economy.
However, the region’s reliance on the film industry also presents challenges. The cyclical nature of film production, which depends on international projects, can lead to periods of economic slowdown.

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Challenges for sustainable growth

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Despite its successes, Ouarzazate faces several challenges in maintaining its appeal. One major issue is the preservation of its natural and cultural resources. Increased activity from tourism and filmmaking can strain the environment, particularly the region’s scarce water reserves.

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To avoid overdependence on the film industry, local authorities are working to diversify the economy. Initiatives are underway to develop renewable energy projects, such as the Noor Solar Power Plant, one of the largest in the world. These projects aim to complement the local economy and create new employment opportunities.

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A jewel of Morocco’s south

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Ouarzazate, a true gem of southern Morocco, has established itself as a premier cinematic destination thanks to its rich landscapes, high-quality infrastructure, and economic incentives. This global recognition has bolstered the local economy, generating thousands of jobs and attracting a steady flow of tourists eager to visit the filming locations of their favorite movies.

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However, sustaining this success will require addressing key challenges, including protecting the fragile environment and diversifying the economy. If these issues are managed effectively, Ouarzazate will continue to serve as a unique bridge between tradition and modernity while solidifying its status as the “Hollywood of the Desert” on the international stage.

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Sources :

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_Corporation_Studios?utm_

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https://www.ouarzazate.com/fr2/cinema.html?utm_

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https://ouarzazatestudios.com/professional-homepage/?lang=en&utm_

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https://www.unesco.org/fr/creative-cities/ouarzazate?utm_

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https://fr.hespress.com/344211-ouarzazate-entre-heritage-filmique-et-enjeux-modernes.html?utm_s

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Shockwave. The cloud cybersecurity industry has just witnessed a major revolution, with Google's acquisition of ...

32 billion euros to buy Wiz : Google invests in Israeli excellence

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*Assaf Rappaport, CEO, Ami Luttwak, CTO, and Yinon Costica, VP Product at Wiz. Credit: Wiz/L'usine Digitale*

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Vertiginous rise

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Founded in 2020 by Assaf Rappaport, 41, Yinon Costica, 42, Ami Luttwak, 41, and Roy Reznik, 36, Wiz has quickly established itself as a reference in cloud cybersecurity. The blossoming start-up has developed a platform that analyzes data from various cloud services such as AWS, Google Cloud Platform, Microsoft Azure and Oracle Cloud to identify vulnerabilities and prevent cyberattacks.

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This success story rests above all on the expertise of its founders, all of whom come from Unit 8200, Israel's elite intelligence service. Before creating Wiz, they had already proved their worth by selling their previous startup, Adallom, to Microsoft for $320 million in 2015. Building on this initial success, these serial entrepreneurs were thus able to perfect their approach to cloud security and quickly attract some of America's largest corporations as customers. Today, Wiz secures nearly half of the 100 largest companies in the United States, including Amazon and Microsoft.

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A buyout that shakes up the cloud sector

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Google, in its quest for competitiveness in the cloud market, had already attempted a first acquisition in 2024, offering $23 billion at the time. This offer was rejected by Wi, who was considering an IPO at the time. Far from wanting to let this company slip through its fingers, Google came back with an offer of $32 billion, which finally convinced Wiz's management. This purchase far surpasses Google's previous acquisition record, held until now by the purchase of Motorola Mobility in 2011 for $12.5 billion.

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Not surprisingly, it demonstrates the growing importance of cybersecurity in a world where migration to the cloud has become a strategic issue for businesses. What's more, Google's acquisition of Wiz comes at a time when tech mergers and acquisitions are coming under close scrutiny from regulators, particularly under the Trump administration. Indeed, while major companies are reluctant to engage in transactions of this magnitude for fear of antitrust measures, Google has taken the gamble of moving forward in spite of everything. This acquisition could therefore serve as a test of the authorities' tolerance of this type of operation.

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An acquisition that marks a new era

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Google's €32 billion acquisition of Wiz is more than just a major financial operation. It is a pivotal moment, illustrating the evolution of the global technological landscape, where cybersecurity is now at the heart of economic, political, strategic and geopolitical issues. Against a backdrop of massive cloud adoption and the rise of artificial intelligence, guaranteeing the security of digital infrastructures is becoming an imperative for all businesses, whatever their sector or size.

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Beyond its strategic interest for Google, this acquisition highlights Israel's growing role as a technological powerhouse. In the space of just a few years, the start-up nation has established itself as a world leader in cybersecurity, supported by an entrepreneurial ecosystem of rare vitality. This success is based on a number of factors: a deeply rooted culture of innovation, fluid access to investment capital, a strong connection with international markets, as well as expertise born out of the country's history. What's more, this operation also reflects the revival of an innovation-oriented Middle East, where technology is becoming a vector for growth, change, international cooperation and prosperity. It is in the midst of this profound change that the startup nation has a responsibility to lead by example.

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Sources :

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https://www.usine-digitale.fr/article/cybersecurite-google-s-empare-finalement-de-wiz-pour-32-milliards-de-dollars.N2229124

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https://www.lefigaro.fr/secteur/high-tech/avec-wiz-google-realise-la-plus-grosse-acquisition-de-son-histoire-pour-33-milliards-de-dollars-20250318

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https://www.bfmtv.com/tech/google/cybersecurite-google-proche-de-racheter-la-startup-wiz-pour-30-milliards-de-dollars_AD-202503180343.html

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https://www.latribune.fr/technos-medias/informatique/tout-savoir-sur-wiz-le-specilaliste-de-la-cybersecurite-que-convoite-google-1020892.html

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It’s time to dispel the myth of the Frontier. Historian Frederick Jackson Turner’s famous thesis once argued ...

Toward New Frontiers : The Gulf Conquers the Data Center Market

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By 2025, nearly 4,800 data centers will be operating worldwide. Today, 5% of them are located in the MENA GCC region (Middle East, North Africa, and Gulf countries), a figure set to grow. Last month, over $21 billion in investments were announced in Saudi Arabia to develop these strategic infrastructures. Alibaba Cloud, for its part, has invested $238 million to boost cloud and artificial intelligence capabilities. With its accelerated digital transformation, Saudi Arabia embodies the digital shift gradually taking place across the Middle East. Riyadh also plans to invest $2 billion in space, notably through the creation of Neo Space Group. As the global digital transition accelerates, the Gulf is positioning itself as a new hub for data centers. With cutting-edge infrastructures, government ambitions, and the rise of smart cities, the region shows dynamics similar to China, with comparable landmass (7.27 million km² versus 9.60 million km²) and a history marked by rapid industrialization.

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Data Centers in the Gulf : The Rise of Regional Leaders

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Among the seventeen countries bordering the Mediterranean basin, 239 data centers are in operation. Israel has 56, closely followed by Saudi Arabia with 35, and the UAE, which has 32. There are also 20 data centers in Iran and 14 in Egypt. Even the West Bank has a data center in Ramallah : the Zone Data Center, located in the Masrouji Building. This Palestinian company, founded in 2008, has emerged as a leader in cloud services, offering fast and efficient business solutions. This notable example demonstrates how the Middle East’s geographic, economic, and political diversity is being transcended by technological breakthroughs that are driving development.

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Building on its technological advances, the UAE is diving into the field of artificial intelligence via ever-more powerful data centers. The next one will be the result of a collaboration with the Élysée. On February 6, Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan and Emmanuel Macron discussed a campus focused on AI, with computing power potentially reaching one gigawatt. This project, with investments ranging from €30 to €50 billion, once again illustrates MBZ's push toward a post-oil economy.

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Partnerships are multiplying to strengthen the local ecosystem. Qatari operator Ooredoo, also present in Kuwait and Algeria, recently signed a deal with U.S. giant Iron Mountain, the world leader in information management. The goal : to accelerate the growth of data centers in the MENA GCC region by combining local grounding with global expertise. By facilitating the approval of construction permits and focusing on smart cities, Gulf governments are redefining the way digital infrastructures are deployed.

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The Booming Data Center Market : Are Middle East Countries on a Chinese Trajectory ?

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According to the 2024 report by Modor Intelligence, the data center market in the Middle East is currently fragmented, with the top five players representing only 29% of the market. Among them, Bezeq International General Partner Ltd, EdgeConneX Inc., and Etihad Etisalat Company are competing in a booming industry. The numbers are striking: with a market volume estimated at 1,460 MW in 2024 and a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.80% by 2029, the sector is expected to reach 3,230 MW by that time. The UAE stands out as the main hub in 2023, thanks to an advanced fiber optic infrastructure and a policy favorable to data center investment. Saudi Arabia, meanwhile, is experiencing the fastest growth, driven by an $18 billion investment strategy launched in 2021.

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The comparison with China is inevitable. The Asian giant, which had 443 data centers in 2022, is aiming for a CAGR of 15% by 2029. This ambition is based on industrialization that began in the 1970s and economic opening spearheaded by Deng Xiaoping in the 1980s. This dynamic is now evident in the Middle East, where governments are injecting massive capital to build a robust digital economy. While the U.S. remains far ahead with 2,701 data centers and a CAGR of 14% between 2025 and 2034, the MENA region shows a clear potential to catch up, thanks to initiatives like those in Saudi Arabia and the UAE. Arcadis’ data center location index also places the UAE at the top for mobile broadband penetration, a key asset for attracting investors.

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Reducing Energy Footprint: Solutions to Data Center Challenges

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Despite its growth potential, the data center market faces several major challenges, primarily concerning energy consumption and environmental impact. A data center requires large spaces and consumes an average of more than 20 kW. Energy efficiency thus becomes a critical issue, especially through optimized cooling systems and heat recovery.

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Sustainability depends on several levers : the size of the data center, the security of the facilities, the energy source used, and the intelligent management of resources. Data center energy consumption varies depending on their operating model. Three main categories stand out :

• On-premise data centers, owned and operated directly by companies, which guarantee full control over data and security. This is particularly the case in Saudi Arabia, where Saudi Aramco owns and manages its own infrastructures to ensure the confidentiality of its information systems.

• Managed data centers, where specialized providers offer hosting and data management services. In the UAE, for example, global leader Equinix operates several centers in Dubai, enabling companies to benefit from secure solutions without investing heavily in their own facilities.

• Cloud computing models, which optimize and pool infrastructure under the banner of tech giants such as Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, or Google Cloud.

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Cloud computing, by optimizing infrastructure pooling, provides an effective solution to reduce companies’ carbon footprints. Cloud operators invest in virtualized infrastructures, automated server management, and optimized geographical service location. They also develop less energyhungry data centers, relying on low-carbon energy sources and advanced cooling solutions. A study by consulting firm Capgemini highlights that cloud computing, with its virtualized infrastructure and automated server management, is the ideal model for significantly reducing corporate carbon footprints. This option is gradually expanding in the region. Since 2019, infrastructure set up by Amazon Web Services (AWS) in Bahrain has allowed businesses, startups, and the government to access secure cloud services.

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Riding the cloud wave, Saudi Arabia is also strengthening its position with the launch of Alibaba Cloud in Riyadh. Developed in partnership with Alibaba Group, eWTP Arabia, Saudi Company for Artificial Intelligence, and the Saudi Information Technology Company (SITE), Alibaba Cloud aims to equip the country with cutting-edge cloud infrastructure to accelerate digital transformation and strengthen technological sovereignty.

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Scientific progress and the growth of technological literature point to a more optimistic future than predicted by the doom-mongers. With the immaterial projection of data collection services, the economic and climate impacts could be significantly mitigated. As the saying goes : "Every cloud has its silver lining."

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Sources :

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Capgemini : L’apport du cloud pour un numérique responsable Data Center Map : Middle East

Data Centers Data4 : Qu'est-ce qu'un datacenter ? France Info : article publié le 07/02/2025

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Investment Monitor : Amazon's hyperscale data centre accelerate Bahrain's digital transformation

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Le Figaro : article publié le 06/02/2025 Linkedin : Ali Raza post Mordor Intelligence : Centre de données du Moyen-Orient part de marché Nasdaq : Ooredoo and Iron Mountain Partner to

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Accelerate Data Centre Growth Across MENA Precedence Research : Data Center Solutions Market. The Fast Mode : stc Group, Alibaba to Set Up $238m Cloud Services Venture in Saudi

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Turner & Townsend : An in depth look at data centers in the Middle East

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Long confined to a regional audience, Middle Eastern film and television productions are now experiencing ...

Cinema and TV Series: how the Middle East exports its culture internationally

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The rise of arab productions on streaming platforms and international festivals

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The rise of streaming platforms has allowed for an unprecedented distribution of Arab productions. Netflix, Amazon Prime, Shahid VIP, as well as more specialized platforms like MUBI and Arte, are investing heavily in content from the Middle East. These platforms provide global visibility to Arab productions, enabling creators to reach a broader audience without relying on traditional distribution channels.

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International film festivals also play a vital role in the recognition of Arab cinema. The Cannes Film Festival, the Venice Film Festival, and the Cairo International Film Festival have become launching pads for Middle Eastern filmmakers. For example, Capernaum by Nadine Labaki won awards at Cannes and was nominated for an Oscar, while Yomeddine by Abu Bakr Shawky was selected for the official competition at Cannes. In Saudi Arabia, the Red Sea Film Festival is contributing to this dynamic by highlighting local productions.

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Among the series that have captured international attention are Al Rawabi School for Girls (Jordan), which tackles bullying from a fresh perspective, and Paranormal, the first Egyptian series on Netflix, blending thriller and supernatural elements. In cinema, The Perfect Candidate by Haifaa al-Mansour marks a turning point by depicting a Saudi woman challenging patriarchal norms.

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A strong and assertive cultural identity

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Arab films and series often address universal themes while remaining deeply rooted in their cultural context. Issues of women’s rights, youth, traditions, and social conflicts are prevalent. For example, Wadjda (Saudi Arabia) tells the story of a young girl fighting to own a bicycle, a simple yet powerful symbol of female empowerment.

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For a long time, the Middle East was portrayed in Hollywood productions through a narrow and often reductive lens. Today, filmmakers from the region are working to deconstruct these clichés by offering more authentic narratives. The Swallows of Kabul, a Franco-Algerian co-production, presents a nuanced vision of Afghanistan under Taliban rule, far from the usual caricatures.

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The new faces of arab cinema and TV

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The dynamism of Arab cinema is largely driven by emerging talents gaining international recognition. Nadine Labaki (Capernaum), Amr Salama (Paranormal), and Mohamed Diab (Clash, Moon Knight for Marvel) are among the directors making a mark. Their success proves that Arab creators are no longer confined to local circuits but are establishing themselves in major Western productions.

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Arab actors are also beginning to gain recognition in Hollywood and major international productions. Notable examples include Dina Shihabi, a Saudi actress who starred in Jack Ryan, and Ahmed Malek, who joined the cast of the Australian film The Furnace. These individual successes contribute to the broader recognition of Arab talent on the global stage.

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Challenges and future prospects

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Despite this growing momentum, several challenges remain. Funding remains a significant issue, as the budgets for Arab films and series are often much lower than those of Hollywood or European productions. Censorship in some countries also limits filmmakers' creativity, restricting the scope of certain sensitive topics.

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However, the increasing interest of international platforms in Arab content is opening new doors. Collaborations between Hollywood and the Middle East, such as Mohamed Diab’s work with Marvel, hint at a deeper integration of Arab creators into the global entertainment industry. The rise of new film schools, particularly in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, also promises a beneficial generational renewal.

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The international export of Arab cinema and TV series is no longer a marginal phenomenon. Thanks to streaming platforms, festivals, and emerging talents, Middle Eastern culture is gradually establishing itself on the global stage, offering a rich and authentic perspective on a region in transformation. While challenges remain, the opportunities are immense for an industry in full expansion, ready to reach an ever-growing audience.

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Sources :

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https://www.ladepeche.fr/2024/10/21/au-moyen-orient-les-films-et-series-sont-le-miroir-des-transformations-sociopolitiques-de-la-region-12276193.php

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https://fr.le360.ma/medias/plateformes-de-streaming-lavenir-cest-le-monde-arabe-191384/

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https://www.lodj.ma/%E2%80%8BL-age-d-or-des-plateformes-de-streaming-dans-le-monde-arabe_a105224.html‍

The awakening of minds always takes place in silence. This is certainly the case in Saudi Arabia...

Education in Saudi Arabia: a silent revolution for progress

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*Saudi students in an examination room in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Photo / Amer Salem / AFP*

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Reinventing the education system

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Vision 2030, driven by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salmane, places education at the heart of national development. The ambitious goal is to transform the entire education system in order to produce more home-grown talent. To achieve this, there are two main avenues: improving the quality of education and creating opportunities for the younger generation. To this end, structuring initiatives have been launched, notably the National Transformation Program (NTP), which aims to align educational programs with the needs of the job market. Indeed, Saudi Arabia wishes to promote an education that is not limited to the acquisition of theoretical knowledge, but emphasizes practical skills adapted to the realities of the world of employment. One of the most interesting aspects of this evolution is the integration of new technologies into learning. The kingdom has invested heavily in digital education, with e-learning platforms that offer students flexibility in learning and enable knowledge to be disseminated more widely. By 2029, the e-learning platform market is expected to have 5.7 million users, with a penetration rate of 14.2%, compared with 12.3% in 2025.

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Towards a more diversified and inclusive model

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The Saudi education system has long been based on centralized education, with a majority of public schools and a strong religious influence in school programs. Today, the approach is evolving towards a diversification of educational models through the growth of private and international schools. In this context, new programs are also emerging, such as Noor, set up by the Ministry of Education to facilitate school management with a dedicated platform. This digitalization of school administration is part of a drive to maximize the efficiency of the education system. In addition, the diversification of the type of school also means opening up to new educational programs and therefore a diversity of courses on offer. Among international schools in Saudi Arabia, 18% follow the American curriculum, 16% adopt the British model, while 6.2% offer the International Baccalaureate. This diversification enables families to choose a path that suits their children's aspirations, and reinforces the country's attractiveness to expatriates and foreign talent. Another of the Kingdom's major changes is the reform of school textbooks. A report published by IMPACT-se highlights the efforts made to promote tolerance and inter-religious dialogue in education. The removal of negative references to certain communities, and the emphasis placed on peace and mutual understanding, demonstrate a willingness to open up and adapt to a globalized world.

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A job market for national talent

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One of the major challenges facing Saudi Arabia is not only to train a skilled workforce, but also to offer them concrete opportunities for integration into the national economy. Until recently, the Saudi labor market was entirely dominated by foreign workers, leaving little opportunity for local talent. The Saudi government has therefore set about creating an economic environment conducive to the employment of local Saudis. One of the key strategies adopted by the government is to promote access to finance and capital for young entrepreneurs and startups. Saudi Arabia has launched a number of investment funds and support programs for emerging companies, with the aim of boosting its economic ecosystem. Initiatives such as Monshaat, the Saudi SME Authority, provide financial support, training and coaching to entrepreneurs wishing to launch or develop their projects. Also, thanks to technology and entrepreneurship, Saudi Arabia is striving to foster an innovative ecosystem, enabling local talent to get involved in cutting-edge industries such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing and cybersecurity. At the same time, labor market reforms have been put in place to encourage local hiring. Employment quotas for Saudis have been introduced in several sectors, and the government has reviewed work visa policies to encourage companies to prioritize national talent. In addition, tax incentives and hiring subsidies have been deployed to encourage companies to recruit.

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Saudi Arabia has embarked on a major overhaul of its education system, a colossal undertaking that reflects the country's ambitions in terms of development and innovation. Massive investment, increasing digitalization and openness to new pedagogical models reflect a determination to offer quality education adapted to the realities of the Saudi market. The kingdom is not limiting itself to cosmetic modernization. It is seeking to shape a new generation of educated citizens, open to the world and ready to meet the challenges of our society. This transformation, although recent, is already producing results and points to a future in which education will be an essential driver of the country's economic and social progress.

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Sources :

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https://www.arabnews.fr/node/501300/%C3%A9conomie

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https://internationalschooling.org/fr/blog/evolution-of-education-in-saudi-arabia

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https://icibeyrouth.com/articles/236099/reforme-scolaire-en-arabie-saoudite-tolerance-et-dialogue

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https://www.courrierinternational.com/article/avancee-en-arabie-saoudite-la-musique-va-entrer-a-l-ecole‍

In recent years, sovereign wealth funds from the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia ...

Gulf investments in North Africa : a growing economic and strategic influence

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Egypt : a top priority for Riyadh and Abu Dhabi

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Egypt has emerged as one of the primary destinations for Saudi and Emirati investments. Over the past years, Gulf sovereign wealth funds have actively financed major infrastructure projects, acquired stakes in local companies, and modernized critical industries.

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Saudi Arabia’s Public Investment Fund (PIF) has been at the forefront of this push, launching the Saudi Egyptian Investment Company (SEIC) in 2022. With a potential investment portfolio of up to $24 billion, this initiative focuses on strategic sectors such as real estate, energy, telecommunications, and logistics. The acquisition of stakes in Egyptian banks and industrial companies aligns with Riyadh’s goal of deepening its economic foothold in Egypt.

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Meanwhile, the Abu Dhabi Developmental Holding Company (ADQ) has invested more than $10 billion in Egypt in recent years, securing major acquisitions in healthcare, energy, and transportation. In 2022, ADQ purchased stakes in several Egyptian banks and fertilizer companies, reinforcing the UAE’s position in the country’s economic landscape.

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Beyond financial interests, Gulf investments in Egypt serve a geopolitical purpose, ensuring stability in a country that plays a crucial role in the Middle East’s political and security dynamics.

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Morocco: a key investment destination for the UAE

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Morocco is another preferred investment destination for Gulf sovereign wealth funds, particularly those from Abu Dhabi and Dubai. Over the years, these investors have poured billions of dollars into real estate, tourism, renewable energy, and infrastructure projects.

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The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA) and Mubadala have played a leading role in this expansion. ADIA has made substantial investments in luxury real estate and hospitality projects in Casablanca, Marrakech, and Tangier. Mubadala, on the other hand, has focused on strategic solar and wind energy projects, supporting Morocco’s ambitious renewable energy transition.

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Renewable energy, in particular, has become a major investment pillar. Morocco’s goal of becoming a regional leader in green energy has attracted significant Emirati capital, helping to fund projects like the Noor Ouarzazate Solar Complex, one of the world’s largest solar power plants. These investments not only support Morocco’s sustainable development but also position Abu Dhabi as a key player in the global clean energy sector.

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In addition to energy, Emirati investors are increasingly engaged in banking, technology, and startup funding, fostering Morocco’s growing innovation ecosystem.

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Tunisia: a modest but emerging investment hub

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Unlike Morocco and Egypt, Tunisia has historically attracted fewer Gulf investments due to economic instability and political uncertainty. However, in recent years, Emirati and Kuwaiti sovereign funds have started to show interest, particularly in energy, agriculture, and telecommunications.

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Abu Dhabi and Riyadh have been exploring opportunities in solar energy and logistics infrastructure, while the Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development has financed transportation and water accessibility projects.

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Though Tunisia is not yet a major destination for Gulf investments, this could change as the country improves its business climate and implements economic reforms to attract more foreign capital.

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The strategic and economic rationale behind these investments

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The surge in Gulf investments in North Africa is driven by a dual strategy. On one hand, it aligns with the economic diversification plans of Saudi Arabia and the UAE, as both countries seek to reduce their reliance on oil revenues. By investing in strategic industries in North Africa, Gulf states are securing new sources of growth while creating regional economic synergies.

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On the other hand, these investments are part of a broader geopolitical agenda. Saudi Arabia and the UAE aim to expand their influence in North Africa, a region where Turkey, China, and Western powers are also competing for economic dominance. By financing large-scale infrastructure projects and acquiring stakes in key industries, Riyadh and Abu Dhabi are deepening their diplomatic and economic ties with North African governments.

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A trend set to continue

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As Gulf sovereign wealth funds continue to expand, investments in North Africa are expected to increase further in the coming years. Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and the UAE’s diversification strategies will likely drive additional capital inflows into the region.

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For North African countries, the challenge will be to maximize the benefits of these investments, ensuring that funds are directed towards job-creating industries and sustainable economic growth while maintaining economic sovereignty.

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If managed effectively, these investments could serve as a powerful engine for regional development, driving industrialization, technological innovation, and infrastructure modernization. A new era of economic cooperation between the Gulf and North Africa is taking shape, one that could generate mutual prosperity for both regions.

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Sources :

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonds_public_d%27investissement_d%27Arabie_saoudite

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https://www.atalayar.com/fr/articulo/economie-et-entreprises/projets-dinvestissement-emiratis-au-maroc-multiplient/20240403061000198223.html

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https://www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr/Articles/aa549f58-31ad-473b-ae7c-9c8a6f7dc354/files/8 ec101aa-4823-461e-b391-1ea700d97a10

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https://www.frstrategie.org/programmes/observatoire-du-monde-arabo-musulman-et-du-sahel/fonds-souverains-golfe-2019

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https://www.forbes.fr/business/le-fonds-souverain-darabie-saoudite-mise-sur-lia-avec-mistral-et-databricks/‍

Kuwait is poised to become a regional leader in artificial intelligence (AI) and digital transformation ...

Kuwait's Bold Step Towards Vision 2035

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‍A Milestone for Kuwait’s Digital Future

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On March 6, 2025, the Central Agency for Information Technology (CAIT) and the Communications and Information Technology Regulatory Authority (CITRA) formalized an agreement with Microsoft to bolster AI-driven innovation and accelerate the country’s digital transformation. This partnership will not only enhance governmental services but also position Kuwait as a technological powerhouse in the Middle East.

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A key component of this collaboration is the development of new data centers and AI-driven solutions that address national challenges while propelling the digital economy forward. Moreover, Kuwait has become one of the first nations in the region to implement "Copilot for Microsoft 365" solutions, enhancing productivity and efficiency across government institutions.

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Microsoft's investment in Kuwait’s digital infrastructure is expected to unlock new opportunities for businesses and government entities alike. By leveraging cloud computing and AI, Kuwait aims to streamline operations, increase transparency, and create a more efficient digital ecosystem.

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Alignment with Kuwait Vision 2035

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The strategic alliance with Microsoft directly contributes to the goals outlined in New Kuwait 2035, which prioritizes digital transformation, economic diversification, and improved public services.

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Smart Governance: The adoption of AI-driven government services aligns with the initiative to modernize administrative processes, reduce bureaucracy, and enhance public sector efficiency. AI-powered automation is expected to improve decision-making and enhance public service delivery.

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Knowledge-Based Economy: Investing in cloud computing, AI, and cybersecurity fosters the creation of a knowledge-based economy, reducing dependence on oil revenues and driving sustainable growth.

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Sustainable Digital Infrastructure: The introduction of AI-driven cloud solutions enhances Kuwait’s ability to manage large-scale data operations efficiently, supporting long-term economic sustainability.

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The Role of AI and Cloud Computing in Economic Growth

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The government’s commitment to AI and cloud computing is a testament to its forward-thinking approach to economic development. AI-powered solutions are expected to streamline financial systems, improve decision-making processes, and enhance data security. Additionally, this partnership strengthens Kuwait’s digital infrastructure, attracting international investment and fostering a thriving tech ecosystem.

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Notably, in December 2024, the Ministry of Finance signed a memorandum of understanding with Microsoft, focusing on modernizing financial systems, administrative efficiency, and AI integration. This initiative underscores the nation’s resolve to harness cutting-edge technology for governance and economic progress.

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By incorporating AI into financial operations, Kuwait aims to enhance transparency and efficiency, reducing fraud and inefficiencies in government transactions. This digital shift also supports Kuwait’s ambition to develop a dynamic private sector capable of competing on the global stage.

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Challenges and Opportunities

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While Kuwait’s digital transformation presents immense opportunities, challenges such as data privacy, cybersecurity, and regulatory frameworks must be addressed. Ensuring compliance with international data protection standards will be crucial in maintaining public trust and securing Kuwait’s digital assets (CITRA, 2025).

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However, the opportunities far outweigh the challenges. By embracing AI and cloud computing, Kuwait is not only modernizing its economy but also paving the way for regional leadership in digital innovation. The Microsoft partnership serves as a cornerstone in Kuwait’s journey toward becoming a smart nation.

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To mitigate potential risks, Kuwait must invest in robust cybersecurity infrastructure, data governance policies, and AI ethics frameworks. Establishing clear regulatory guidelines will ensure that AI-driven solutions are implemented responsibly and effectively.

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Kuwait’s partnership with Microsoft marks a transformative moment in its quest to achieve Vision 2035. By integrating AI, cloud computing, and digital services into government operations, the nation is taking proactive steps toward economic diversification and technological excellence. This collaboration not only strengthens Kuwait’s digital infrastructure but also establishes it as a regional hub for innovation and smart governance.

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With the right policies in place, Kuwait is well-positioned to harness the full potential of this partnership, fostering sustainable growth and setting a benchmark for digital transformation in the region. By embracing AI and digital transformation, Kuwait is laying the foundation for a future-ready economy that can thrive in the era of rapid technological advancement.

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Sources :

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https://www.arabtimesonline.com/news/kuwait-partners-with-microsoft-to-drive-ai-innovation-and-digital-growth-towards-vision-2035

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https://news.microsoft.com/en-xm/2025/03/06/microsoft-strengthens-partnership-with-kuwait-government-announces-intent-to-establish-ai-powered-azure-region-to-accelerate-ai-transformation-and-drive-economic-growth

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https://kuwaittimes.com/article/25220/kuwait/other-news/kuwait-partners-with-microsoft-to-drive-ai-and-digital-transformation/

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https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?Language=en&id=3209048‍

Africa is a continent of rare linguistic and cultural diversity, where thousands of dialects and languages ...

ToumAI : the Moroccan AI startup revolutionizing the customer experience in Africa

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*Source : JDE ; The ToumAI start-up team. Front row center, CEO and co-founder Odin Demassieux - Photo: DR*

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Founded in 2020 by Odin Demassieux, Youcef Rahmani and Imade Benelallam, the start-up began its journey by developing innovative technologies to meet the needs of companies operating in multilingual markets. In its early years, it specialized in the analysis of local dialects and rare languages, relying on artificial intelligence algorithms capable of processing vast volumes of data from diverse sources such as local media. Despite its promising beginnings, ToumAI had to go through periods of turbulence that required it to redefine its strategy and pivot. So, rather than seeking purely rapid growth, the startup chose to adopt a more pragmatic approach, focusing on profitability and continuous improvement of its product.

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‍Strategic fund-raising

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Today, the startup has reached a new milestone in its growth by raising 1 million euros (10.5 million dirhams), thanks to renowned investors such as Orange Ventures, Digital Africa, Launch Africa and Madica Ventures. This investment strengthens ToumAI's position on the African market, and gives it the means to accelerate the deployment of HolistiCX, its cutting-edge customer experience analysis and optimization solution. HolistiCX is distinguished by a composite artificial intelligence architecture that enables it to analyze interactions in real time, detect emotions and tailor company responses to their customers with exceptional precision.

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The support of Orange Fab Maroc played a key role in ToumAI's success. Integrated into the Orange Digital Center, the startup benefited from strategic support and access to a wide network of experts. This collaboration also enabled ToumAI to accelerate the development of its solutions, adapting them to the concrete needs of African businesses. Hendrik Kasteel, CEO of Orange Maroc, underlines the importance of this fund-raising by declaring: “ToumAI's expertise in artificial intelligence and its vision of the customer experience align perfectly with our strategy of investing in cutting-edge technologies. The emergence of this startup illustrates the potential of the innovative and disruptive projects developed within Orange Digital Centers in Morocco.”

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AI for African businesses

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Artificial intelligence, applied to the customer experience, represents a major transformation driver for companies in Africa. With HolistiCX, they can better understand their customers' expectations, improve their commercial relationships and optimize their competitiveness. HolistiCX enables in-depth analysis of conversations from telephone calls, social networks and written claims, while accurately identifying the strengths and areas for improvement of customer services. Its use of voice recognition algorithms refines the understanding of exchanges to facilitate more appropriate and relevant responses. In addition, by integrating an emotional analysis, it enables companies to adopt a more intuitive and personalized approach to strengthen the bond with their customers and improve their satisfaction.

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This round of financing not only represents a major step forward for ToumAI on the African market. Building on its position in North Africa, the startup now aims to extend its influence in Europe and solidify its place among the major players in artificial intelligence applied to customer service. Far from limiting itself to improving interactions between businesses and consumers, ToumAI embodies a broader vision: that of a future where technology serves as a bridge between cultures, breaking down language barriers and strengthening economic ties between Africa and the rest of the world.

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Sources :

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https://tribuca.net/numerique_125930956-toumai-revolutionne-le-service-client

https://www.lejournaldesentreprises.com/breve/toumai-leve-1-million-deuros-2113179

https://fnh.ma/article/actualites-marocaines/toumai-orange-fab

https://www.leconomiste.com/flash-infos/soutenue-par-orange-fab-maroc-la-startup-marocaine-toumai-leve-1-millions-d-euros

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The rise of international trade has placed the Gulf region at the heart of exchanges between the Middle East, ...

New trade routes between the Gulf and Asia : a strategic lever for the MENA region

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The Gulf : crossroads of new trade routes

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The Gulf's geographical location gives it a central role in global trade. Positioned halfway between Asia, Africa, and Europe, the region benefits from a strategic situation that makes it a preferred transit point for maritime, air, and land transportation. For several years, massive investments have been made to develop port and logistics infrastructures, particularly in Dubai, Jeddah, and Doha, which have become essential platforms for redistributing goods.

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Dubai, with the Jebel Ali port, plays a key role in connecting Asia and the Middle East. This deep-water port, one of the busiest in the world, is designed to accommodate the largest commercial ships and ensure maximum fluidity in cargo management. Saudi Arabia, as part of its Vision 2030, is establishing new trade corridors to attract foreign investments and modernize its economy. The King Abdullah port, constantly expanding, is a key element of this strategy. Qatar, with the Hamad port, is also investing heavily in improving its maritime infrastructure to position itself as a key player in trade between Asia and the Middle East.

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This rise in the Gulf's ports is accompanied by a desire to diversify transport methods. The Gulf Railway project, which aims to connect the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states, is one of the major initiatives to enhance regional connectivity. Once completed, this railway network should accelerate cargo transport and reduce dependency on maritime routes.

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Strategic initiatives to structure trade between MENA and Asia

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The development of new trade routes between Asia and the Middle East is not limited to infrastructure expansion. It is also based on cooperation strategies between states, which seek to maximize economic exchange opportunities. One of the most emblematic projects in this regard is China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This global investment strategy has allowed Beijing to establish a vast trade network connecting China to Middle Eastern markets. By injecting billions of dollars into ports, industrial zones, and logistics corridors, China has solidified its economic presence in the region, particularly in the UAE and Saudi Arabia.

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In response to Chinese dominance, other initiatives are emerging. The India-Middle East-Europe Corridor (IMEC), announced in 2023, aims to create an alternative to existing trade routes by directly connecting India to Gulf countries via rail and maritime infrastructures, continuing on to Europe. Supported by the United States and the European Union, this project could offer a new dynamic to trade between Asia and the Middle East, reducing transport times and costs.

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At the same time, several bilateral agreements are being developed to strengthen economic exchanges. The UAE and India recently signed a strategic partnership aimed at facilitating investments in infrastructure and boosting trade flows between the two nations. Saudi Arabia, on its part, is multiplying agreements with China, particularly in renewable energy and technology sectors.

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Key sectors transformed by these new trade routes

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The impact of these new trade routes is strongly felt in several strategic economic sectors. Energy remains at the heart of exchanges between the Middle East and Asia, with a steady increase in oil and gas exports to China and India. Saudi Arabia and the UAE are also investing in refineries and terminals in Asia to ensure a stable and secure supply. The trade of consumer goods is also transformed by these new routes. With the rise of e-commerce and transcontinental logistics, Gulf ports have become key hubs for redistributing Asian products to Africa and Europe. Dubai, in particular, has established itself as a transit center for goods from China and India.

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The technology industry also benefits from these new trade corridors. Chinese tech giants are investing in artificial intelligence and cybersecurity projects in the UAE and Saudi Arabia, strengthening cooperation between Asia and the Middle East in innovation fields. Finally, food security is a major issue for Gulf countries, which are looking to diversify their supply sources. Saudi Arabia and the UAE have thus invested in agricultural operations in India and Southeast Asia to ensure stable access to food resources.

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Challenges and future perspectives

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While these routes offer various economic opportunities, they also present significant challenges. One of the major issues is the political and security stability of the region. Tensions in the Red Sea, the Strait of Hormuz, and the South China Sea could disrupt trade flows and call into question the viability of emerging routes. Another challenge lies in the balance of economic influence. Rivalry between China, India, the United States, and Europe in the region could create trade tensions and limit cooperation between certain countries. Moreover, the Gulf economies' dependence on hydrocarbons raises the question of long-term economic diversification.

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Despite these obstacles, the current dynamic suggests that trade between MENA and Asia via the Gulf will continue to grow. With increasingly significant investments in infrastructure and new technologies, the region is well-positioned to solidify its role as an essential commercial hub in the decades to come.

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Sources :

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https://www.thesourcingassociate.com/post/les-nouvelles-routes-de-la-soie-comprendre-l-impact-sur-la-logistique-internationale

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https://www.observatoiredeleurope.com/de-linde-a-leurope-un-corridor-economique-pour-offrir-de-nouvelles-opportunites-commerciales_a14838.html

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https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2024/08/11/le-kazakhstan-se-reve-en-hub-du-commerce-entre-la-chine-et-l-europe_6276595_3210.html

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https://portsetcorridors.com/2019/les-six-corridors-majeurs-des-nouvelles-routes-de-la-soie/

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The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has emerged as the world's most economically stable nation, according to US News...

The Arab Emirates : the world's most stable economy

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This economic success is based on solid pillars: a fast-growing non-oil sector, world-class infrastructure, an attractive tax framework, and an environment conducive to innovation and entrepreneurship. In particular, the country scored 86.9 for its global connectivity and 90.7 for its entrepreneurial culture, illustrating its ongoing drive to attract international investors and talent.

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Dynamic and diversified growth

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The UAE's economic perspectives are more than promising.
According to International Monetary Fund projections, the Emirates' GDP is set to grow by 4% in 2024 and reach 5.1% in 2025, thanks to increased economic diversification and strategic investment in innovative sectors. The country also benefits from effective governance, low manufacturing costs and an absence of corruption, all of which enhance its competitiveness on the world stage.
At the same time, the country's appeal to investors lies in its highly advantageous tax framework. Indeed, the absence of income tax and limited corporate taxation make it a preferred destination for entrepreneurs and multinationals.
What's more, a booming technology sector, supported by a massive influx of investment (attracting a growing number of Western entrepreneurs in the process), reinforces the UAE's position as a leading innovation hub.

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While the UAE stands out for its economic stability, it is also part of a broader dynamic of profound economic transformation throughout the MENA region. The region, long dependent on hydrocarbons, is undergoing a major transition towards economic diversification and modernization.
Saudi Arabia, for example, is committed through its Vision 2030 to transforming its economy by investing massively in digital technology, renewable energies and infrastructure.
Other countries, such as Morocco and Israel, are leading the way in the development of green energies, while entrepreneurial ecosystems are gradually developing in Morocco and Egypt, attracting international capital.
As a result, the business climate is improving in many of the region's nations, and even more so when peace is in place.

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The best is yet to come

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At a time when the global economic order is being reshaped by the rise of new emerging powers and tensions between the major economies, the Middle East is establishing itself as an increasingly key region. The UAE is taking on the role of regional leader, demonstrating that economic stability is based on a long-term strategy combining peaceful relations with neighboring countries, economic diversification, technological innovation and openness to international markets. With this example in mind, there is no doubt that the future looks bright for the MENA region, provided that the economic and social reforms undertaken continue, and that investment in strategic sectors ensures sustainable growth. The example of the Emirates proves that prosperity is not just a question of natural resources, but also of vision, strategy and political will.

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Sources :

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https://europeanbusinessmagazine.com/business/leap-2025-opens-with-announcement-of-record-us14-9-billion-investment-in-ai/

https://kawa-news.com/leap-2025-15-milliards-dinvestissements-tech-au-moyen-orient-en-4-jours/

https://entrevue.fr/conference-leap-2025-des-investissements-de-plus-de-75-milliards-de-dollars/

https://onegiantleap.com/

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https://www.bpifrance.fr/nos-actualites/emirats-arabes-unis-un-marche-dynamique-et-ouvert

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Arabic calligraphy, a true intangible heritage of Islamic culture, stands today as a bridge between tradition ...

Arabic calligraphy : An ancestral tradition inspiring contemporary creation

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At the crossroads of the sacred and the aesthetic

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Arabic calligraphy is far more than mere handwriting, it elevates text to a spiritual and artistic dimension. Since the 7th century, styles such as Kufic, Naskh, and Diwani have flourished, each with unique aesthetic rules and purposes. This demanding discipline, rooted in precise proportions and mastery of gesture, has long reflected the cultural and spiritual grandeur of Islamic civilizations.

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After a period when modernization and digitalization seemed to confine this art to historical status, Arabic calligraphy is making a remarkable comeback.
Its resurgence reveals a growing need for cultural identity in a globalized world.

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Arabic calligraphy in contemporary art

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Many contemporary artists are reimagining Arabic calligraphy by blending it with modern practices. Franco-Tunisian artist eL Seed, for instance, merges street art and calligraphy to create "calligraffiti." His monumental murals, like the "Perception" project in Cairo, challenge the boundaries between words and images while honoring marginalized communities.

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In a different vein, artists like Shirin Neshat use calligraphy to explore themes of womanhood and identity. Her works, often portraits adorned with Persian verses, give voice to silenced narratives.

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Arabic calligraphy has also found a place in disciplines such as graphic design. Creators are redefining its usage by incorporating it into logos, typography, and advertisements, making this art form accessible to wider audiences while modernizing its aesthetic.

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A growing presence in public spaces

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With the rise of urban art, Arabic calligraphy is experiencing unprecedented visibility. Artists like Hassan Massoudy and Lalla Essaydi use this medium to address universal themes such as peace, harmony, and social justice.
Their work transcends cultural boundaries, making this ancient art form relatable and admired beyond the Arab world.

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In major cities across the Middle East and North Africa (such as Dubai, Beirut, and Marrakech) murals featuring calligraphic designs transform public spaces into open-air museums. These initiatives contribute to cultural diplomacy, spreading messages of beauty and openness through art.

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From tradition to new technologies

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The fusion of tradition and innovation is central to the evolution of Arabic calligraphy. Digital tools, such as graphic design software, enable the creation of calligraphic typographies tailored to modern uses. Platforms like Behance and Instagram offer artists a space to share their work and reach a global audience.

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The rise of NFTs (non-fungible tokens) has also brought Arabic calligraphy into the digital art economy. Some artists now sell their calligraphic works as NFTs, offering a fresh perspective on how this art form is valued and monetized.

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A vehicle for identity and cultural dialogue

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The rediscovery of Arabic calligraphy is not merely about aesthetic appreciation — it is an act of cultural affirmation in a world searching for roots.
For artists in the diaspora, this art form serves as a way to reconnect with their heritage while fostering dialogue with other cultures.

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Moreover, calligraphy functions as a universal language that transcends linguistic barriers. Through its beauty, it brings together diverse audiences around shared values such as creativity, spirituality, and harmony.

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A timeless art bridging past and future

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Arabic calligraphy, balancing respect for tradition with bold innovation, has endured through the ages with remarkable resilience. Its revival reflects a profound need to reconnect with cultural roots while adapting to contemporary dynamics. Whether displayed on city walls, in galleries, or on digital platforms, it continues to captivate and educate, carrying a universal message of harmony and beauty.

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Sources :

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https://elseed-art.com/

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https://upmag.com/el-seed/

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https://www.diptykmag.com/story-la-calligraphie-comme-acte-de-subversion/

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https://www.baytalfann.com/post/calligraffiti-communities-el-seed

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https://www.arabnews.fr/CalligraphieArabe

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https://vous-avez-dit-arabe.webdoc.imarabe.org/langue-ecriture/l-ecriture-arabe/comment-l-ecriture-est-elle-devenue-un-art-dans-le-monde-arabe

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJRrgrquOS0&t=108s

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After their stellar performances at the Paris Olympics, countries in the ANMO GCC region are now emerging as ...

Olympics 2040 : Saudi Arabia and Egypt in the race to host the Games?

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The Economic Rise Of Riyadh : The Olympics as a catalyst for urban growth ?

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The evolution of Saudi Arabia's economy supports the Minister's ambitions. According to Statista, between 1989 and 2029, Saudi Arabia’s average GDP per capita is expected to increasefivefold, rising from $7,287 in 1989 to a projected $38,672 by 2029. This impressive growth positions the kingdom to compete with European nations alsovying for upcoming Olympic Games. In comparison, Germany, seen as a front runner for the 2040 edition, experienced slightly slower economic progress during thesame period, with GDP per capita nearly quadrupling from $16,232 in 1989 to aforecasted $63,551 in 2029.

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However, despite this remarkable growth, organizing the Olympic Games in Riyadh could come at a steep price. Paris spent over €11 billion on the 2024 Games, and Tokyo around €12 billion on the 2020 edition. Nonetheless, such an investment might be justified by the potential rewards. Past Olympics have often acted as catalysts for sustainable urban transformation. For example, the 2016 Rio Games not only generated significant revenue but also led to major infrastructure upgrades, such as new subway lines and modernized schools. These kinds of projects would address Saudi Arabia’s growing needs. With a landmass of 2.15 million square kilometers, the country requires efficient transportation systems to link its diverse regions. Current projects, such as the Riyadh Metro, could receive a significant boost from hosting the Olympics, much like what was seen in Rio.

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SissiCity and Beyond : Cairo’s strategy to host the 2040 olympics and assert African leadership

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While Riyadh is laying the groundwork for its upcoming major events, Cairo is also positioning itself as a strong contender for the 2040 Olympics. Mustapha Berraf, president of the Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa, has emphasized Africa’s desire to play a central role on the global sports stage. Egypt, with considerable experience in hosting major sporting events, has proven its ability to manage robust infrastructure and efficient logistics. A key element of its Olympic bid is the development of "Sissi City," a new urban project near Cairo equipped with modern infrastructure, including an 80,000-seat stadium and multiple world-class sports complexes.

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Hosting the Olympics could also revitalize Egypt’s economy. Although GDP growth slowed to 3.8% in 2022/2023, the outlook remains positive, especially with a recent $35 billion deal with the UAE to develop the Ras El Hekma region. Egypt hopes that the Games will rejuvenate its economy, following Brazil’s post-Rio 2016 model, which benefited from significant infrastructure investments. With projected growth of 4.5% by 2024/2025, the Olympics could not only elevate Egypt’s international profile but also drive sustainable economic growth. Armed with its ambitions and supported by major infrastructure projects, Egypt is well-positioned to compete with, or perhaps succeed Saudi Arabia in, making a lasting mark in Olympic history.

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‍Sources :

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https://www.eurosport.fr/jeux-olympiques/organiser-les-jeux-olympiques-objectif-ultime-de-l-arabie-saoudite_sto9095035/story.shtml

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https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/learning-from-experience-how-hosting-the-olympics-can-leave-a-positive-legacy%E2%80%8D

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https://sportetsociete.org/2022/12/18/jo-2036-larabie-saoudite-plus-ambitieuse-que-jamais/

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https://www.statista.com/statistics/261742/tourist-arrivals-in-middle-east-countries/

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https://fr.countryeconomy.com/gouvernement/pib/bresil

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https://africaolympic.com/legypte-en-route-vers-lorganisation-des-jeux-olympiques-de-2036-et-2040-un-reve-africain-en-marche/#:~:text=Les%20Jeux%20Olympiques%20de%20Paris,Olympiques%20de%202036%20et%202040

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https://www.afdb.org/fr/countries/north-africa/egypt/egypt-economic-outlook#:~:text=La%20croissance%20du%20PIB%20devrait,'améliorer%20en%202024%2F25

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zfzzSHav8w

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https://sportetsociete.org/2024/08/16/lasie-et-leurope-en-pole-position-pour-se-repartir-les-jo-2036-et-2040/#:~:text=Elle%2Daussi%20d'abord%20positionn%C3%A9e,organisationnelle%20des%20Jeux%20Europ%C3%A9ens%202023

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https://www.teamfrance-export.fr/fiche-marche/mobilite-et-logistique/transports-ferroviaires-et-urbains/SA

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https://www.olympics.com/cio/devenir-un-hote-des-jeux-olympiques/conditions-requises-pour-accueillir-les-jeux-olympiques

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https://www.statista.com/statistics/268069/gross-domestic-product-per-capita-of-saudi-arabia/

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https://www.statista.com/statistics/295465/germany-gross-domestic-product-per-capita-in-current-prices/

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Located at the crossroads of East and West, Jordan is not only a land steeped in history and culture but also ...

Jordan’s ecotourism initiatives : exploring the magic of Wadi Rum and Dana Biosphere Reserve

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Wadi Rum: Lunar landscapes and community-driven initiatives

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Known as the "Valley of the Moon," Wadi Rum is a spectacular desert inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its red sand dunes, towering rock formations, and ancient petroglyphs attract visitors from across the globe. Beyond its natural beauty, Wadi Rum has become a hub for ecotourism initiatives aimed at preserving its fragile environment.

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Bedouin communities play a central role in managing tourism in Wadi Rum. Numerous eco-friendly camps provide authentic experiences while minimizing environmental impact. These camps utilize renewable energy, practice efficient waste management, and promote local, organic cuisine. Activities such as trekking, camel rides, rock climbing, and hot air balloon excursions allow visitors to explore the region without causing harm. Many camps also organize workshops on local ecology to encourage responsible practices among tourists.

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The economic impact of ecotourism in Wadi Rum has been significant. Approximately 300 direct jobs have been created for local Bedouins, including roles as guides, drivers, and camp managers. These opportunities have diversified income sources in a region historically reliant on livestock farming. According to the Jordan Tourism Board, tourism revenues in Wadi Rum exceed 5 million Jordanian dinars (approximately 7 million euros) annually, with much of this income directly benefiting local communities.

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International organizations have also supported these efforts. For instance, the European Union has funded programs to improve natural resource management in the area, such as preserving critical underground aquifers in the arid desert. These collaborations ensure the sustainability of ecotourism projects while providing essential infrastructure.

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Dana Biosphere Reserve : A sanctuary of biodiversity

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Nestled between the mountains and valleys of southern Jordan, the Dana Biosphere Reserve is the country’s largest nature reserve, covering 320 square kilometers. It is home to over 800 plant and animal species, including endangered ones such as the Nubian ibex and sand cat. Managed by the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature (RSCN), the reserve is a model of conservation, reinvesting ecotourism revenues into programs that protect natural habitats and endemic species.

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Dana’s success also lies in its emphasis on community-based tourism. Projects like the Dana Guest House and Feynan Ecolodge employ local residents, creating economic opportunities in rural areas. The internationally acclaimed Feynan Ecolodge runs entirely on solar energy and highlights local crafts such as pottery and weaving. This model has generated nearly 50 permanent jobs for the surrounding community, with each tourist stay contributing approximately 90 Jordanian dinars (120 euros) directly to local families, according to Wild Jordan.

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Hiking trails like the Dana to Petra Trek immerse visitors in the region’s natural beauty while adhering to ecological guidelines. Trained conservation guides lead these treks, and visitors are encouraged to participate in educational workshops. In 2022, the reserve welcomed over 15,000 visitors, generating substantial revenues that were reinvested in conservation and community development projects. Additionally, the French Development Agency (AFD) has collaborated with the RSCN to fund ecotourism projects, including trail restoration and the creation of interpretation centers.

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Challenges and prospects for ecotourism in Jordan

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Jordan is increasingly committed to sustainable tourism practices. Many sites have adopted systems for managing resources responsibly, such as renewable energy use and limiting single-use plastics. However, the development of ecotourism in Jordan faces challenges, including raising awareness among visitors and enhancing eco-friendly infrastructure. Balancing tourism growth with environmental preservation remains a critical issue.

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Efforts are underway to address these challenges. The RSCN provides specialized training for local guides to promote environmentally conscious practices, and new eco-friendly tour circuits are being developed. Partnerships with international organizations like UNESCO and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) strengthen local efforts, aiming to establish Jordan as a leading destination for sustainable tourism in the Middle East.

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A model for sustainable tourism

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With iconic sites like Wadi Rum and the Dana Biosphere Reserve, Jordan demonstrates that tourism can be a force for good, benefiting both the environment and local communities. By embracing eco-responsible practices and involving local populations, the country is laying the groundwork for an inspiring model of sustainable tourism. Visitors leave not just with unforgettable memories but with a deeper understanding of Jordan’s natural and cultural heritage.

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Sources :

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https://guidewadirum.com/wadi-rum

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https://fr.visitjordan.com/Wheretogo/Dana-Feynan

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https://www.classtourisme.com/Jordanie-un-Village-Patrimoine-au-coeur-de-la-reserve-de-Dana_a368.amp.html

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https://www.petitfute.com/v42078-dana/c1173-visites-points-d-interet/c974-site-naturel/112312-reserve-de-biosphere-de-dana.html

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https://johtt.com/FR/blog/wadi-rum-%3A-class%C3%A9-12e-meilleure-destination-nature-au-monde-pour-2024%C2%A0/

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In How Our World Lost Its Way, author Amin Maalouf takes us on a captivating journey through the twists and ...

Adrift : How Our World Lost Its Way - Amin Maalouf

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Amin Maalouf

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French-Lebanese writer Amin Maalouf was born in Beirut in 1949. He spent part of his youth sailing between Lebanon and his adopted country, Egypt.

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The future journalist and author attended a French Jesuit school before studying sociology and economics at Saint-Joseph University in Beirut. It was there that he met Andrée, his future wife. In 1976, the young journalist said goodbye to his homeland, torn apart by civil war. Followed by his wife and their three children, he moved to France.

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Although his first readings were in Arabic, Amin Maalouf began to write in French, considered by his childhood teachers to be the "language of darkness". His first novel, "The Crusades Through Arab Eyes”, was published in 1983, and explored the themes of identity and globalization. Ten years later, The Rock Of Tanioswon the Goncourt Prize. In 2021, his essay How Our World Lost Its Way won the Literary Prize of Francophone Ambassadors.

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Credits : https://worldeditions.org/product/adrift-how-our-world-lost-its-way/

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How Our World Lost Its Way is a must-read geopolitical essay. Unique in its genre, this book shares with the reader the story of an individual, constantly confronted with collective upheavals. Combining biography, historical reality and philosophical reflection, this book highlights the importance of cultural diversity, tolerance and dialogue in a rapidly changing world.

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The title, which itself alludes to the rising waters caused by global warming, serves as a metaphorical backdrop for an indepth exploration of the challenges facing our planet. This book presents a rich and varied panorama, interweaving the key events of the past with those of the present. From the turmoil of the Cairo riots in 1909, to the Suez Canal crisis of 1952, to the tumultuous Brexit, each event is skilfully woven into a narrative of conflict and tension between East and West.

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The theme of repeated dictatorships and their influence in the Middle East is widely addressed. Amin Maalouf succinctly sums up this threat : "...and everything that was not forbidden became compulsory". The central elements of propaganda and repression serve as a common thread. Understanding the impact of the media in propagating misinformation, the aftermath of the 1967 war and the coups in Syria and Iran, among other things, will give readers a deeper understanding of the issues at stake in the Middle East. In particular, Amin Maalouf examines the question of ethnic and religious minorities and their influence in certain countries. In this respect, Lebanon occupies a special place in the essay as an example of a country that recognizes the rights of minorities and promotes cultural diversity.

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Finally, the author also introduces us to a gallery of historical and contemporary figures who have shaped his life and world history. These include Ahmed Chawki, Giuseppe Ungaretti, Frank Sinatra and Taha Hussein : illustrious icons of literary and musical culture. These personalities, each in their own way, illuminate the pages of this captivating tale. How Our World Lost Its Way is an essential work for anyone wishing to understand the challenges of the modern world and the lessons we can learn from them.

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Sometimes a thrill, often a breath of fresh air, the change taking place in Saudi Arabia right before our eyes ...

LEAP 2025 : Saudi Arabia emerges as a global hub for tech and AI

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A booming tech ecosystem

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Right from the opening of LEAP 2025, strategic announcements marked the event. Saudi Arabia confirmed $14.9 billion in investments in AI and digital infrastructure. Among these initiatives, Groq and Aramco Digital signed a $1.5 billion agreement to develop an AI inference data center, which will become one of the most powerful in the world. ALAT, in collaboration with Lenovo, also unveiled a $2 billion project to build an advanced manufacturing center integrating AI and robotics in Riyadh, a project that will generate 15,000 direct jobs and 45,000 indirect jobs.

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Google also used the conference to announce the creation of a global hub dedicated to AI, while Qualcomm and Alibaba Cloud launched new programs to accelerate the training and adoption of AI technologies in the region.
‍“These investments bring us one step closer to achieving the kingdom's technological and economic goals,” said Abdullah Alswaha, Saudi Minister of Communications and Information Technology. With over 1,800 exhibitors, including 630 start-ups, LEAP 2025 brought together thousands of tech and investment players. Among the biggest, the presence of major players such as Google, Alibaba Cloud, Databricks and Salesforce confirmed the interest of tech multinationals in this booming market.

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From commitment to impact

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Among the boldest initiatives announced at LEAP 2025, the NEOM project, the futuristic megalopolis under construction, includes a $5 billion investment in partnership with Datavolt to build a world-record 1.5 gigawatt data center entirely dedicated to AI. This initiative aims to integrate AI into all aspects of the smart city, from energy management to urban infrastructure. In the same spirit, Alfanar announced a $1.4 billion project to develop four data centers totaling 88 gigawatts with the aim of building a resilient and sustainable digital economy.

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Saudi Arabia's commitment to technology investment also extends to strategic areas such as cloud computing, telecommunications and cybersecurity.
For example, Tencent Cloud is investing $150 million to establish the first AI-powered data center in the Middle East. In addition, IBM has announced that advances in quantum computing could see the light of day within the next three to five years, opening up new prospects for sectors such as energy and pharmaceuticals. In another example, Mobily, one of Saudi Arabia's largest telecom operators, will invest $911 million in digital infrastructure, including submarine cables and data centers. Zoom, meanwhile, plans to inject $75 million into the development of artificial intelligence and innovation, while setting up new data centers to support the digital infrastructures of Saudi government institutions.

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With colossal investment announcements and a clear vision for the future,
Saudi Arabia is positioning itself at the heart of the world's technological transformation. More than just an event, LEAP illustrates a regional dynamic in which innovation is becoming a strategic driver of economic and social development. The MENA region is changing, and now more than ever it needs to leap forward, with technology as its main driving force.

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Sources :

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https://europeanbusinessmagazine.com/business/leap-2025-opens-with-announcement-of-record-us14-9-billion-investment-in-ai/

https://kawa-news.com/leap-2025-15-milliards-dinvestissements-tech-au-moyen-orient-en-4-jours/

https://entrevue.fr/conference-leap-2025-des-investissements-de-plus-de-75-milliards-de-dollars/

https://onegiantleap.com/

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The Moroccan caftan is much more than just a traditional garment. A true cultural icon, it carries within it a ...

The Moroccan caftan : A symbol of tradition, creativity, and global influence

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The popularity of the caftan extends beyond fashion; it represents a historical continuity, a tangible link between past and present generations. Although it is increasingly worn at international events or even in daily life, it still maintains a profound connection to Moroccan culture. By wearing it, Moroccans pay tribute to their past while proudly asserting their cultural identity. Today, this garment has been widely modernized, but its role as a symbol of heritage remains intact, echoing Morocco’s deep-rooted traditions.

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A craft of excellence

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The making of a Moroccan caftan is an art that requires exceptional craftsmanship, passed down through generations, often within families of specialized artisans. Creating a caftan demands not only high-level technical skills but also a deep understanding of fabrics and traditional patterns. Moroccan artisans, who have mastered this art for centuries, use luxurious fabrics such as silk, satin, velvet, and embroidered textiles with gold, silver, or natural silk threads. These materials are carefully selected for their texture, brilliance, and durability, ensuring creations that are both sumptuous and timeless.

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The caftan’s creation process begins with fabric selection, with each material chosen to complement the cut and style of the design. Then comes the delicate stage of embroidery,often meticulously handcrafted. These sophisticated embroideries, made with metallic or silk threads, can be adorned with pearls, crystals, and sequins. The patterns form a true visual language, where every detail has meaning: geometric motifs inspired by Moroccan architecture, floral designs reflecting the surrounding nature, each element tells a story. Gold or silver finishes add the final touch to this masterpiece, making each caftan unique. It is this combination of meticulous craftsmanship, creativity, and the transmission of expertise that makes the caftan a true work of art. This artisanal process reflects the passion and excellence of Moroccan artisans, who put their hearts into each creation.

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Innovation in the service of tradition

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While the Moroccan caftan remains faithful to its traditional roots, it also serves as a platform for innovation and modernization among contemporary designers. More and more young Moroccan designers, inspired by international trends, are redefining the codes of the caftan while respecting its essence. These creators introduce bold cuts, modern adjustments, and innovative fabric choices, all while preserving the garment’s nobility and the beauty of its traditional motifs. They seamlessly blend global fashion elements with Moroccan craftsmanship.

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For example, some designers opt for modern fabrics like lace, tulle, or high-quality synthetic materials, bringing unprecedented lightness and fluidity to the caftan. Others experiment with brighter colors or avant-garde geometric patterns, creating a dialogue between Moroccan heritage and contemporary fashion movements. The result is a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity, where the soul of the caftan is not lost but rather enhanced by new influences. Today, the Moroccan caftan is recognized on international runways, worn by celebrities and fashion icons, demonstrating its evolution from a traditional garment to a luxury piece coveted not only by Moroccans but also by international clients.

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The Caftan Week : A Prestigious Showcase

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Among the most significant events in Moroccan fashion, the Caftan Week holds a special place. Organized annually in Marrakech, this event serves as a major platform for Moroccan designers to showcase their collections and introduce the world to the extent of their talent. Each edition of Caftan Week brings together renowned stylists, artisans, celebrities, and fashion enthusiasts from around the globe. The runway becomes a stage where the caftan is continuously reinvented and modernized while maintaining its royal and timeless allure.

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This major gathering is much more than just a fashion show. It is a cultural celebration where the caftan is honored in all its forms, from the most traditional designs to the most daring creations. Moroccan designers unveil their latest collections, blending Moroccan and international influences with modern touches that captivate an ever-expanding audience. Conferences, exhibitions, and workshops are also organized, offering visitors a complete immersion into the world of the caftan and Moroccan craftsmanship. This event helps elevate the caftan’s global reputation, solidifying its place as an iconic piece in the fashion industry.

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A symbol of identity and national pride

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The caftan is more than just a garment; it is a powerful symbol of Moroccan identity, deeply infused with cultural significance. Each caftan tells the story of Morocco, its diverse influences, and its rich cultural blend of Berber, Arab, Andalusian, and African traditions. It serves as a historical marker, reflecting the values of the Moroccan people while allowing them to reconnect with their heritage. Worn by successive generations, the caftan is a means of preserving heritage while asserting a strong and vibrant identity.

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In a rapidly modernizing Morocco, younger generations have embraced the caftan as a symbol of national pride. More and more young women, and even men, reinterpret the caftan in personal and sometimes daring styles, always respectful of cultural heritage. This adoption by younger generations also demonstrates that tradition and modernity can coexist, proving that the caftan remains a timeless fashion statement that transcends historical eras. Today, the Moroccan caftan is also a tool of cultural expression, a way to showcase the beauty of Moroccan craftsmanship and culture in a globalized world.

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With its centuries-old heritage and continuous evolution, the Moroccan caftan remains a major pillar of Morocco’s cultural identity. While staying true to its roots, it constantly reinvents itself, attracting an ever-growing international audience. Through events like Caftan Week, this iconic garment continues to shine on the global stage, establishing Morocco as a key player in the fashion world. The caftan is not just a piece of clothing; it is a true ambassador of Moroccan elegance, a living heritage that transcends generations and continues to inspire the designers of tomorrow.

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Sources :

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https://vicedi.com/caftan-marocain/

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https://ledesk.ma/culture/caftan-week-2024-une-celebration-de-lelegance-marocaine/

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https://www.locmarrakech.com/tourisme/le-caftan-marocain-une-etoffe-dhistoire-et-de-culture.htm

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https://moorishtimes.com/articles/histoire-caftan

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https://www.pinterest.com/pin/7107311906342546/

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Commuting in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has long been dominated by car use and long-distance...

Winds of change drive public transport forward in Israel and Saudi Arabia

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*King Abdullah station on the Riyadh metro, credit: VRT*

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Assessment is the first step towards change

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The heat is very intense, and hits hard. The best way to escape is in an air-conditioned car, sheltered from the sun's rays. In many of the region's cities, traffic jams are a daily reality. On top of this, public transport infrastructures, which could have been alternatives, even if less comfortable, are often lacking or underdeveloped. This situation also results from an economic model historically centered on oil, where the private car has long been the norm. Added to this is an urban planning approach that favors urban sprawl, making it difficult to integrate an efficient public transport system. This increased dependence on the car is not without cost. Indeed, it is accompanied by rising CO2 emissions and a high cost for local economies, both in terms of road traffic and pollution. And yet, initiatives are emerging, driven by a growing awareness of the need to find a model for urban travel that will benefit as many people as possible, while promoting sustainable development.

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‍Israel as a regional pioneer of alternative mobility

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As we have seen, the development of public transport has slowed down in recent years for a multitude of reasons. However, in the MENA region, Israel stands out for the spectacular transformation of its urban and inter-urban mobility. With a massive investment of 200 billion shekels between 2018 and 2025, the country is revolutionizing its transport infrastructure and establishing a model that is both ecological and technological. This transformation is based on constant expansion of the rail network, which now handles 68 million passengers a year, with annual growth of 6%. The network covers 1,100 kilometers of track, of which 420 kilometers are already electrified, while buses serve the entire country with 16,000 vehicles and 5,000 lines. In the big cities, this transformation is even more visible. In Tel Aviv, a metro project covering 145 kilometers of track and 109 stations is currently under construction, and is expected to 2 million passengers a day by 2032. The first line, known as the Red Line, is already operational, carrying 240,000 passengers a day. This initiative, which alone represents an investment of 150 billion shekels, reflects Tel Aviv's ambition to become a more fluid, better-connected metropolis. Jerusalem, for its part, relies on a rapidly expanding streetcar and subway network, currently carrying 160,000 passengers a day, with a forecast of 450,000 by 2025 thanks to extensions that will add a further 22 kilometers.

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At the same time, Israel is making monumental efforts to encourage soft mobility. Tel Aviv, for example, already has 300 kilometers of bicycle paths, and Jerusalem aims to reach 123 kilometers by 2025. Other cities such as Haifa and Be'er Sheva are following suit, with 65 and 50 kilometers of paths under development respectively. What's more, these infrastructures are accompanied by the growing deployment of shared bike and scooter services, making environmentally-friendly mobility more accessible. The course is clear: these initiatives are in line with ambitious targets for 2040, when 40% of trips should be made by public transport, 25% on foot, 15% by bicycle, and only 20% by car - a huge contrast with the 90% of trips made in cars in 2020.

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The Riyadh metro: a historic milestone

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The launch of the Riyadh metro network marks a milestone for Saudi Arabia and, more broadly, for the MENA region. This ambitious project, which began in 2013, is part of Vision 2030, a strategic program aimed, among other things, at achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. With six lines covering 176 kilometers and 85 stations, the Riyadh metro is naturally one of the most innovative infrastructure projects in the region. Its construction has mobilized world-renowned companies such as Alstom, which supplied 69 ultramodern electric trains for the network, as well as Hitachi and RATP Dev, the company responsible for managing and operating the network thanks to its recognized expertise in public transport.

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This metro is set to transform the daily lives of the inhabitants of Riyadh, a city populated by almost 8 million people. Planned to serve a maximum capacity of 3.6 million passengers a day, it should considerably reduce traffic jams, improve journey times and offer an effective solution to road traffic problems. Beyond its immediate impact, the project represents a social and economic breakthrough that will improve quality of life while stimulating local economic activity.

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The launch of this network is about more than just infrastructure. It embodies a clear determination to transform lifestyles and meet the challenges of the 21st century. While countries such as Israel and Saudi Arabia are leading the way with pioneering projects, they also show just how much work remains to be done by the other countries in the MENA region. This disparity reveals a major challenge, but also an opportunity for governments and investors to accelerate the transition to modern, sustainable mobility systems, inspired by the successes of Riyadh and Tel Aviv.

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Sources :

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https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1437329/larabie-saoudite-ouvre-une-partie-du-reseau-de-metro-de-sa-capitale.html

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https://www.alstom.com/fr/press-releases-news/2024/11/alstom-celebre-le-lancement-du-reseau-de-metro-de-riyad

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https://www.ratpdev.com/fr/references/arabie-saoudite-riyad-metro

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https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/dde26f03-4a50-454f-ac3f-11403a8bd814/content

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https://www.zaha-hadid.com/architecture/king-abdullah-financial-district-metro-station/

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In recent years, Morocco has witnessed an extraordinary surge in its tourism sector, cementing its status as a...

Morocco : the remarkable rise of a leading African tourist destination

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An ambitious and well-executed tourism strategy

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Since the early 2000s, Morocco has embarked on an ambitious and focused approach to developing its tourism industry. The government launched a strategic initiative known as "Vision 2020," aimed at doubling the number of tourists within that timeframe. While the plan was tied to a specific deadline, it acted as a powerful catalyst, and many of its key objectives remain relevant today.

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A cornerstone of this strategy was the overhaul of infrastructure to appeal to international travelers. Major investments were funneled into upgrading airports, particularly in Casablanca and Marrakech, while also expanding domestic transportation networks to make it easier for tourists to explore the country. The construction of new hotels, the restoration of historic sites, and the enhancement of public spaces were also top priorities.

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In tandem, Morocco rolled out targeted marketing campaigns to rebrand itself as a modern and accessible destination. While iconic cities like Marrakech, Fes, and Casablanca remain perennial favorites, the country has successfully showcased lesser-known attractions such as its Atlantic coastlines, the rugged peaks of the High Atlas Mountains, and its desert oases. These efforts have positioned Morocco as a high-quality destination catering to history buffs, adventure seekers, nature enthusiasts, and travelers looking for relaxation alike.

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The role of air travel in Morocco’s tourism boom

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The aviation sector has played a pivotal role in Morocco’s tourism success story. With a dynamic network and partnerships with international carriers, the country has been able to draw tourists from an increasingly wide range of markets. Royal Air Maroc, the national airline, has been instrumental in connecting Morocco to major cities in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. These links have opened doors to previously untapped markets, including China, the United States, and several African nations.

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The rise of low-cost airlines has further contributed to Morocco’s growing appeal, making travel to the country more affordable and accessible. In 2024, over 17 million tourists visited Morocco, a number that continues to climb. By offering competitive fares and improved accessibility, the aviation sector has been a driving force in securing Morocco’s position on the global tourism stage.

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Cultural tourism and global events as key drivers

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Morocco’s rich and diverse cultural heritage has been a major draw for visitors. Its imperial cities, UNESCO-listed medinas, vibrant music festivals, culinary events, and art exhibitions attract a global audience eager to experience authentic culture.

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The country has also leveraged international events to bolster its appeal. The Marrakech International Film Festival, one of the most prestigious of its kind, brings celebrities and tourists from around the world. Similarly, the Essaouira Gnaoua Music Festival has become a must-visit for music enthusiasts. These events not only contribute to Morocco’s tourism growth but also solidify its reputation on the global cultural stage.

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Sports events have also played an important role. In 2025, Morocco will host the Africa Cup of Nations, and in 2030, it will co-host the FIFA World Cup alongside Spain and Portugal. These large-scale events are expected to draw millions of visitors, further reinforcing Morocco’s status as a premier destination for sports tourism.

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A focus on sustainable tourism and ecotourism

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With growing awareness around environmental issues, Morocco has embraced sustainable tourism as a key part of its strategy. Many stakeholders in the tourism industry have committed to eco-friendly practices, promoting a form of tourism that respects and preserves the environment.

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Ecotourism initiatives are flourishing, with opportunities to explore the Atlas Mountains, embark on desert adventures in the Sahara, or stay in eco-lodges that blend sustainability with local charm. Morocco’s efforts to protect its unique biodiversity—through the preservation of national parks and the creation of eco-tours—are resonating with an increasingly environmentally conscious global audience.

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A destination that keeps evolving

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Through consistent efforts to modernize infrastructure, diversify offerings, and lead the way in sustainable tourism, Morocco is on track to becoming a global leader in the tourism industry. Its rise to surpass Egypt is the result of a cohesive strategy that combines international promotion, substantial investments, and a celebration of its cultural and natural wealth.

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Looking ahead to 2025, Morocco aims to further grow its tourism sector by attracting even more visitors while strengthening its position as a top destination for both African and global travelers. Far from resting on its laurels, Morocco continues to reinvent itself and seems poised to tackle the challenges of the global tourism industry head-on, offering a truly unique experience for every traveler who steps foot in the country.

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Sources :

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https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1647287/economie-entreprises/comment-le-maroc-a-supplante-legypte-comme-premier-pays-touristique-dafrique/

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https://www.maroc.ma/fr/actualites/le-maroc-retrouve-sa-place-de-premiere-destination-touristique-en-afrique

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https://francais.rt.com/afrique/116016-maroc-record-174-millions-touristes-en-2024

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https://kapitalis.com/tunisie/2025/01/10/le-maroc-simpose-comme-1ere-destination-touristique-en-afrique/

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https://telquel.ma/instant-t/2025/01/09/baitas-le-maroc-retrouve-sa-place-de-premiere-destination-touristique-en-afrique_1912392/

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https://afrimag.net/tourisme-maroc-retrouve-place-premiere-destination/

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n a world where conflict, crisis and suffering seem to dominate the news, Elif Shafak's Sufi mon amour offers ...

The universal love of Rûmi and Shams, a new perspective on our world

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A friendship can change everything

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The novel is first and foremost the story of an encounter sealed by fate, as if, as Diderot wrote, “everything was written up there”. Rûmi, recognized by all as a respected scholar, is locked into his spiritual routine. Shams, on the other hand, is a mystical dervish with an unpredictable, free spirit. This wonderful friendship will change not only their own lives, but also those of everyone around them. Shams appears as a mirror of truth, without compromise or artifice. Through his teachings, he inspires Rûmi to abandon his dogmas and embrace the essence of something free and unstructured: divine love. Like all friendships, the intensity of light can also be a source of tension. Shams' iconoclastic nature attracts admiration and hostility in equal measure. Nevertheless, through this relationship, Shafak is keen to illustrate how friendship, when genuine, can profoundly change us.

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The teaching of love

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If love is true, isn't it naturally unique to each individual and therefore unnecessary to teach? The question certainly arises.

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Nevertheless, the teachings transmitted by Shams of Tabriz in Sufi, My Love, through the “40 Rules of Love”, run like a thread through the novel. These precepts guide the characters and offer the reader a reflection on the profound nature of love and spirituality. Here, for example, are two striking teachings :

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The first reminds us: “Don't look for love anywhere but in your own heart. If you have found it there, it is everywhere. If you haven't found it there, it's nowhere.” We also understand that love is not an external quest, but an intimate, self-realization. Shams invites us to discover this inexhaustible source of love within ourselves. Only then can love become a prism through which we can see and understand the whole world.

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Finally : “Love is not about race, religion or social status.” This precept calls for total openness, embracing humanity in all its diversity. In a world sometimes fragmented by prejudice and division, this rule acts as a powerful reminder that love transcends divides.

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Love can change our world

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In a mutating world context, Sufi, mon amour invites us to think about how we navigate our minds in the world. The Middle East, the birthplace of humanity, is transforming before our very eyes, seeking to reshape its identity amidst tensions and hopes. African countries, having emerged from the ravages of colonization, are still searching for stability and unity. Meanwhile, the world order wavers between the growing tensions between the United States and China, redrawing economic and geopolitical balances. Meanwhile, the concentration of power in the hands of a few economic elites is shaping a world where decisions are guided by dogma and self-interest.

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However, in the wake of these colossal challenges, Sufi, my love offers a glimmer of hope and reminds us that humanity still has an invaluable lifeline: universal love. This thread, forged by values such as compassion, tolerance and openness, is what can guide individuals and nations towards coexistence and shared prosperity. Innovation, diplomacy, trade and technology are important levers for building integrated, prosperous societies, but they must be anchored in a common value structure.

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The message of Shams and Rûmi is fundamental: love is not just an emotion or an abstract ideal, but a living force, capable of transcending religious, cultural and political boundaries. By embracing this philosophy, we can not only heal the wounds of the past, but also build a future where differences enhance rather than divide.

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Sources :

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https://koriolys.com/soufi-mon-amour

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https://thebookerprizes.com/the-booker-library/features/an-interview-with-elif-shafak-i-am-drawn-to-the-silenced?

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LMF0J6Hvjxc

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https://www.thebeliever.net/an-interview-with-elif-shafak/

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https://www.viator.com/fr-FR/tours/Konya/IN-THE-FOOTSTEPS-OF-Rûmi/d50363-181068P5

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Often defined by its geopolitical tensions and restrictive social norms, Iran is also the stage of a quiet ...

Iran at the dawn of a women’s revolution : Women at the heart of the fight for freedom

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The spark of change : the “Woman, Life, Freedom” movement

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In September 2022, Mahsa Amini, a 22-year-old woman, died in custody after being arrested by the morality police for allegedly wearing her hijab “improperly.” Her death sparked nationwide protests, uniting men and women across generations. The slogan “Woman, Life, Freedom” (“Zan, Zendegi, Azadi” in Persian) became the rallying cry for a movement that demanded not only an end to the mandatory hijab but also sweeping social reforms.

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Despite a brutal government crackdown, this movement captured global attention and showcased the resilience of Iranian women. Acts of defiance, such as students removing their hijabs in public or female workers joining general strikes, have become powerful symbols of this mobilization.

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Fighting for a place in the workforce

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In a country where women’s participation in the labor market barely exceeds 20%, Iranian women are also demanding their share of the economy. Despite legal and social barriers, more women are entering traditionally male-dominated professions, particularly in technology, medicine, and engineering.

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For example, women-led enterprises, such as those pioneered by Roya Mahboob, a renowned tech entrepreneur, are opening up new opportunities for young women. Mahboob has received international acclaim for her efforts to empower women through digital education, a critical tool in a country where access to information is often restricted.

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A cultural revolution in the making

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The cultural arena has also become a battleground for resistance and self-expression among Iranian women. In cinema, directors like Marjane Satrapi (Persepolis) and Rakhshan Banietemad have long used their work to critique social inequalities and highlight the struggles of women. Recently, female filmmakers have turned their lenses toward the voices of protesters, despite the significant risks involved.

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In literature, authors such as Shahrnush Parsipur and Zoya Pirzad continue to inspire younger generations. Through their works, they amplify women’s voices in a literary landscape that is often subject to censorship.

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Legal transformation : slow but steady

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Despite the momentum, Iran’s legal framework remains a significant obstacle. Women face discrimination in areas such as inheritance, child custody, and criminal law. However, incremental progress has been achieved through relentless pressure. For instance, a law passed in 2021 aimed to protect women from domestic violence, though its implementation remains limited.

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Female lawyers, like Nasrin Sotoudeh, persist in advocating for reform, often at great personal cost. Their courage represents a glimmer of hope for future legislative changes.

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Global impact : A movement of solidarity

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The fight of Iranian women has resonated globally. Several countries have imposed targeted sanctions on those responsible for the crackdowns, while international organizations like Amnesty International continue to hold the Iranian government accountable. Meanwhile, Iranian diasporas around the world amplify the voices of women on the ground, organizing campaigns to sustain international attention.

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Toward a lasting revolution?

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The movement for women’s emancipation in Iran is far from a fleeting phenomenon, it is a deep-rooted revolution challenging the very foundations of society. Despite ongoing repression, each act of defiance (whether it’s removing a hijab, delivering a bold speech, or launching an entrepreneurial initiative) brings the country closer to a more egalitarian future.

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Iranian women are showing the world that the fight for fundamental rights is universal, transcending borders and cultures. While their struggle is deeply tied to local realities, it carries a message of hope and inspiration for all who envision a more just world.

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Sources :

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https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2024/09/iran-two-years-after-woman-life-freedom-uprising-impunity-for-crimes-reigns-supreme/

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https://www.ohchr.org/fr/stories/2024/03/woman-life-freedom-survivors-want-end-state-impunity-iran

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https://www.wallpaper.com/design/roya-mahboob-empowering-afgan-women-through-design-education

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https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2024/11/05/iran-les-visages-de-la-colere-sur-lcp-an-dans-les-coulisses-du-mouvement-femme-vie-liberte_6377579_3246.html

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https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2024/09/24/narges-mohammadi-prix-nobel-de-la-paix-lettre-ouverte-a-antonio-guterres-et-aux-representants-des-gouvernements-siegeant-a-l-onu-pour-mettre-fin-aux-executions-en-iran_6331378_3232.html

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Leave to return stronger. Indians, Filipinos, Yemenis, and Ethiopians : many workers from precarious countries ...

From the Far East to the Middle East : the foreign workers rebuilding the region

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By 1986, 97% of identified Filipino workers had migrated through recruitment agencies, both private and governmental. Unfortunately, the Mediterranean basin, which could have been a true melting pot, is not one. Migrant workers are frequently victims of exploitation and abuse. Since the late 1950s, the “kafala” system (sponsorship), operational in Iraq and Lebanon, has weighed heavily on these workers. This system grants government-designated sponsors the right to control the worker’s fate, strengthening a form of modern servitude.

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However, much like other critical issues in this complex region, the chains of this unequal system are showing signs of wear and will eventually break. Significant progress has already been mad in several countries to improve the living conditions of foreign workers. Through reforms, preventive, and coercive measures, Gulf countries are striving to establish policies more respectful of human rights. In Lebanon, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and Walk Free Foundation recently published a report entitled “The Other Migrant Crisis : Protecting Migrant Workers Against Exploitation in the Middle East and North Africa.” Launched in Beirut during a regional dialogue called “Bringing Innovation Forward : Combating Trafficking in Persons and Exploitation of Migrant Workers in MENA,” this document was made possible through the support of the European Union and co-financed by the Italian Ministry of the Interior. These joint initiatives call on governments to take concrete action to protect migrants.

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A new dawn is rising over the Mediterranean basin. Thanks to advances in social protection and new professional opportunities, coupled with a surge of solidarity from Asian agencies toward local populations devastated by years of war, climate disasters, and terrorist attacks, a promising balance is taking shape. This paves the way for lasting collaborations. From the Far East to the Middle East, the region is increasingly demonstrating its capacity to embrace diversity, becoming more elastic and conducive to integration.

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When the Arab league moves to break the chains of modern slavery : the end of Kafala ?

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The progress made in recent years signals a more equitable and humane future for migrant workers. As early as 2009, the United Arab Emirates adopted an electronic wage protection system (WPS) to address frequent reports of unpaid wages, ensuring that workers receive their salaries on time and in full. All companies employing 100 or more workers are required to comply with the WPS guidelines, with a fine of 10,000 dirhams per affected worker. By 2013, nearly million workers were receiving their wages via the WPS, providing electronic evidence of their payment.

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In addition to combating economic violence, physical and psychological abuse is also a priority. Alarming data collected for the report “The Other Migrant Crisis : Protecting Migrant Workers Against Exploitation in the Middle East and North Africa” reveals that of 162 victims, 100% had their passports confiscated, 87% were confined to their workplaces, and 61% were victims physical violence. These figures led the Arab League, in 2012, to adopt Resolution No. 879-27 even before the final report was published, marking a turning point in the fight against hu trafficking. This key resolution led to the implementation of professional training programs aim at offering victims a new chance to rebuild their futures away from past sufferings. Launched in 2014, the Business Training initiative for Filipino victims in Lebanon illustrates this progress. Thanks to collaboration between the IOM and the Philippine Embassy, these workers received business training, providing them with strong career prospects as a stepping stone for reintegration.

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Meanwhile, ongoing reforms to the kafala system in some countries in the region offer a hopeful glimpse into the future of migrant workers, promoting greater transparency and respect for human rights. The efforts led by Swiss Ambassador Monika Schmutz Kirgöz in Beirut, in collaboration with the Directorate of Development and Cooperation (DDC), exemplify this commitment. By establishing decent working conditions for migrant workers and refugees, including the introduction of a standardized contract for domestic workers, the DDC stands as a valuable ally.

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No longer lost in translation : the integration of migrant workers with local populations

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The final stage in the overhaul of an inequitable socio-professional system is to restore true communication. The subtle yet deep barrier of language divides humans. Exchange, in all its forms, is an essential lever to overcome cultural differences and build bridges between seemingly irreconcilable worlds. The word “foreigner” then transforms into “fellow.” In the production of the report “The Other Migrant Crisis,” a series of roundtable discussions organized by Jordan, composed of both NGOs and members of the ministerial delegation, highlighted a crucial issue : the reception of migrant workers upon their arrival in the host country. Too often, these workers face palpable reluctance, exacerbated by the language barrier.

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Responsive to this stumbling block, Israel has emerged as a pioneering country in restoring dialogue through engaging and educational training programs. The “Shalom Namaste” project perfectly demonstrates the success of social and professional integration between the 3,500 Indian workers who immigrated to the Jewish state and the Israelis. This application, adopted by Dynamic Staffing Services (DSS), teaches Hebrew while explaining the rules of local culture.

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Samir Khosla, the head of DSS, points out that these workers live at the heart of the local population, far from the ghettos or labor camps that, in other Gulf countries like Oman or Bahrain, isolate migrants into specific neighborhoods. In Oman, for instance, labor camps are concentrated west of Muscat, between Medinat Tabous and the Seeb International Airport, while in Bahrain, foreign workers are often relegated to the island of Sitra, south of Manama. In Israel, integration is tangible: many Indian employees report positive interactions in everyday spaces, such as supermarkets or along the seafront (the tayelet).

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This growing proximity between foreign workers and locals extends beyond mere professional interactions. It gives rise to a true sense of solidarity, especially in a post-trauma context following the October 7th pogroms. By November 2023, while missiles rained down on Tel Aviv daily, DSS took the bold step of deploying around 16,000 foreign workers per year to support the construction industry. Despite the challenges, these construction sites provided migrants with a unique opportunity : to contribute to rebuilding a country while exploring a new culture. Temporarily suspended, the sites became a symbol of joint effort : everything is to be rebuilt together. This harmonious collaboration is grounded in a simple yet powerful philosophy :
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“Build better, build together”.

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Sources :

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The Other Migrant Crisis : Protecting Migrant Workers againt Exploitation in the Middle East and North Africa - 2015

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Globes : Israel rivals India in regulation

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IOM INT : les travailleurs migrants sont victimes d'exploitation et de mauvais traitements au Moyen Orient et en Afrique du Nord

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Revue Persee : données sur les travailleurs migrants au Moyen Orient

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Département fédéral des affaires étrangères DFAE : le système inégalitaire de la kafa

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https://israelvalley.com/2024/02/02/10-000-travailleurs-indiens-se-rendront-bientot-en-israel/

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Israel has not stopped innovating in recent years, and yet continues to surprise the world. For the Middle East...

Israel and blue energy : a technological revolution at the Jaffa Port

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Eco Wave Power Commences Real Conditions Test Runs of its Newest EWP-EDF One Wave Energy Project at Jaffa Port, Israel - Eco Wave Power

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Innovative technology

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The technology developed by Eco Wave Power is based on an ingenious mechanism designed to maximize energy efficiency while reducing environmental impact. The system is based on large floats installed on existing structures such as dykes, jetties or breakwaters. These floats, in direct contact with the waves, rise and fall with the movements of the sea, generating a vertical mechanical movement.

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When the waves lift the floats, they activate a system of lever arms connected to hydraulic pistons. These pistons compress a hydraulic fluid, generating sufficient pressure to activate a hydraulic motor. This engine then drives an electricity generator located on land, converting the mechanical energy captured into usable electricity, which is fed directly into the national grid. In addition, a major ecological advantage is that this technology requires no intervention on the seabed, thus avoiding the disruption of underwater ecosystems.

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One of the main advantages of this technology is its modular, scalable design. Each unit can operate independently, allowing energy production to be adapted to the specific needs of the harbor or coastline where it is installed. What's more, the system is equipped with a safety feature: in the event of storms or strong waves, the floats are automatically raised above the surface of the water to prevent mechanical damage.

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The current pilot plant in the port of Jaffa has a capacity of 100 kilowatts, enough to power around 100 homes. However, the company believes that real profitability will be achieved from the megawatt upwards, hence the development of a 20-megawatt project in Porto, Portugal, designed to power around 20,000 homes.

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Technology for diplomacy

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The official inauguration of the Jaffa facility took place in December 2024, in the presence of Israeli President Isaac Herzog, Environment Minister Idit Silman and Tel Aviv-Jaffa Mayor Ron Huldai, among others. The event was also attended by international delegations from Vietnam, the Philippines, China and the USA. Of particular note was the interest shown by Middle Eastern countries with which Israel has strained relations, such as Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Turkey. Inna Braverman, CEO and founder of Eco Wave Power, says this interest demonstrates that “renewable energy technologies have no borders”.

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This unexpected windfall could well turn Israeli technology into a diplomatic tool. It's important to understand that the interest in this technology is also driven by its economic potential: it offers the Gulf and Mediterranean nations a means of diversifying their energy sources, while reducing their dependence on hydrocarbons. In this way, the ability to produce clean energy could also contribute in the long term to reducing geopolitical tensions related to hydrocarbons.

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While a number of challenges remain for widespread adoption, including regulation, marine energy legislative frameworks and access to bank financing, Israel's wave energy project is paving the way for regional collaboration, proving that innovation can serve as a bridge between peoples. At a time when the energy transition is a global priority and one of the challenges of our century, projects like this are a reminder that innovation and cooperation are the keys to a prosperous future for the MENA region and beyond.

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Sources :

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https://www.timesofisrael.com/israeli-wave-energy-project-draws-interest-from-qatar-saudi-arabia-and-even-iran/

https://www.power-technology.com/news/eco-wave-power-israel/

https://www.ecowavepower.com/israel/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWD4_LmxwUU&t=123s

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Eco Wave Power on Pattrn, the digital platform of the Weather Channel‍

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Nestled in the sunlit desert 10 kilometres east of Amman, the Baynouna Solar Power Plant stands as a testament ...

Baynouna Solar Power Plant : A Beacon of Progress in Jordan's Renewable Energy Journey

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The case for renewable energy in Jordan

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For decades, Jordan has grappled with a significant energy dilemma. Lacking substantial domestic energy resources, the nation has relied on imports to meet over 90% of its energy needs. This dependency has made Jordan vulnerable to global price fluctuations, geopolitical instability, and mounting economic pressures. The rising demand for energy, spurred by population growth and economic expansion, further exacerbated the challenges, compelling Jordan to explore more sustainable and secure energy solutions.

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Recognizing its abundant solar potential, Jordan identified renewable energy as a key pillar of its national energy strategy. The Baynouna Solar Power Plant represents the fruition of this vision, marking a significant step toward reducing reliance on imports and diversifying the country’s energy mix.

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Harnessing solar energy at scale

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The Baynouna Solar Power Plant is a marvel of modern solar technology and engineering. Covering an expansive area in Jordan’s eastern desert, the plant has a capacity of 200 megawatts (MW), making it the largest solar project in the country and one of the largest in the Middle East. Annually, Baynouna generates approximately 563 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of clean electricity, sufficient to power around 160,000 homes.

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At the heart of the plant are over 600,000 photovoltaic (PV) solar panels, meticulously designed to harness Jordan’s abundant sunlight. These panels efficiently convert solar energy into electricity, which is seamlessly integrated into Jordan’s national grid. This clean and reliable energy supply helps meet the growing demand while reducing pressure on conventional power sources.

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Environmental and Economic impacts

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Baynouna’s contribution to environmental sustainability is significant. By generating clean electricity, the plant offsets nearly 360,000 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions annually —equivalent to removing around 80,000 cars from the road. This achievement aligns with Jordan’s climate action commitments under the Paris Agreement and underscores its role as a responsible global actor in mitigating climate change.

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Beyond its environmental benefits, Baynouna is a major driver of economic growth. The plant reduces Jordan’s dependence on costly imported fossil fuels, easing the financial burden on the national economy. Furthermore, it has created hundreds of jobs, from construction phases to ongoing operations and maintenance, fostering economic activity in local communities.

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A model of collaboration and innovation

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The success of the Baynouna Solar Power Plant is a shining example of what can be achieved through collaboration and innovation. The project was developed by Masdar, a leading renewable energy company based in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), in partnership with the Government of Jordan. This partnership attracted an investment of over $260 million, supported by international financing and a long-term power purchase agreement with the Jordanian National Electric Power Company (NEPCO).

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Jordan’s forward-thinking policies, such as the Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Law, played a pivotal role in creating an enabling environment for projects like Baynouna. These policies encouraged private sector involvement, streamlined regulatory processes, and reinforced Jordan’s commitment to clean energy.

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Paving the way for the future

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The Baynouna Solar Power Plant is more than just a renewable energy project; it is a symbol of Jordan’s resilience and ambition. By setting a benchmark for large-scale solar projects, Baynouna has inspired the development of additional renewable energy initiatives across the country. Jordan is now on track to achieve its target of sourcing 30% of its energy mix from renewables by 2030, a goal that will further enhance its energy security and reduce its carbon footprint.

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The plant’s success also positions Jordan as a leader in renewable energy within the Middle East, demonstrating the viability of clean energy in a region traditionally associated with fossil fuels. It provides a blueprint for other nations seeking to transition to sustainable energy systems, showcasing how solar power can be harnessed effectively even in resource-constrained environments.

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The Baynouna Solar Power Plant represents a new chapter in Jordan’s energy story — one of sustainability, innovation, and progress. By leveraging its abundant solar resources, Jordan has taken a bold step toward addressing its energy challenges while contributing to global efforts to combat climate change. As the largest solar energy project in Jordan, Baynouna not only powers homes but also fuels hope for a greener, more sustainable future. Through its success, Jordan proves that with vision, collaboration, and determination, transformative change is within reach.

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Sources :

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https://masdar.ae/en/renewables/our-projects/baynouna

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https://www.zawya.com/en/projects/utilities/jordan-aims-for-50-percent-renewable-energy-by-2030-t0gdggz2

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https://jreeef.memr.gov.jo/Default/EN

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Nearly fourteen years after the popular uprising of 2011, Syria is rolling the dice on its history once again ...

Syria of tomorrow : What if we dared to believe ?

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“I fear hope, but I have no choice.” With this poignant and insightful prose, poet Hala Mohammad captures the ambivalent sentiment that now grips the hearts of Syrians, as expressed in the journal Kometa.

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March 8, 1963, December 8, 2024 — the dates mirror one another, but do they portend the same grim fate ? After the first coup orchestrated by the Baath Party, Syria plunged into a humanitarian crisis, accompanied by an economic collapse. Now, this tyrannical regime, religiously preserved by theal-Assad dynasty, is finally fading away. But it is not yet time for celebrations. The “moderate” Islamism of the new leader, Abu Mohammed al-Jolani, rightly worries the public. “We want to believe,” sighs Fabrice Balanche, a specialist in Middle Eastern political geography, “but it seems we are about to move from the frying pan into the fire.” Too many similarities, too many déjà-vu impressions between this jihadist offensive and the one led by the Taliban in Afghanistan three years ago. Indeed, behind his media-savvy image, al-Jolani may eventually shed the mantle of a savior and don the trappings of obscurantism. But hope may also prevail. The Syrian people’s resistance is not limited to defying Bashar al-Assad’s hegemony. As L’Orient-Le Jour recently reported, Syrians continue to resist efforts to entrench Islamism. They notably succeeded in pushing HTS back on the issue of the Islamization of school textbooks. Twelve pages of adjustments, intended to introduce a new religious tint to the education system, had to be removed under pressure from critics.

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A race against time is underway. The coming months will be crucial in shaping the future of the cradle of the Arab Spring. The Syrian powder keg could sink further into chaos and fragmentation, or it could rise from the ashes and regain its former prestige. Let us not forget the legendary past of this country, which has seen the rise and fall of the Canaanites, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, and later the splendor of the Umayyads. Everything will depend on the artisans capable of charting the country’s political, economic, and cultural future, one shaped by history.

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Syria at the crossroads of geopolitical reorientations

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The speed of the Syrian regime’s collapse reflects not only an acceleration of its national history but also that of the broader MENA(Middle East and North Africa) region. Geostrategically, we are witnessing a major turning point : the weakening of the resistance axis, which includes countries orbiting around Tehran. Syria had previously served as a “transit country” for arms meant for Hezbollah in Lebanon and Tehran-backed militias. However, HTS’s rise to power is redrawing regional alliances, weakening the influence of the historical Shiite arc stretching from Tehran to southern Lebanon.

Under the auspices of its Turkish ally, the Sunni movement seems, for now, to be distancing itself from Iran and opening up toother Gulf states, which are themselves Sunni and, more importantly, keyplayers in Syria’s reconstruction. Long excluded from the Arab League after the brutal suppression of the 2011 uprising, Damascus was reintegrated into the organization on May 7, 2023. Though delayed, this reintegration has already paved the way for a strengthened dialogue with Gulf countries, such as the United Arab Emirates, which reopened its embassy in Damascus in 2019. These rapprochements mark the beginning of a new chapter for a country once regarded as the “crossroads of the Middle East,” as Patrick Seale put it in The Struggle for Syria. To regain its position as a center of Sunni power, Damascus would do well, in the long term, to draw closer to the West. Although cautiously, al-Jolani, former governor of north western Syria and now leader of HTS, seems to have understood this strategy. So far, the traditional specter of the Zionist enemy, presented as the ultimate Western threat, has not been invoked by the new regime. Moreover, HTS has expressed its intent to protect minorities living within its territory. While this statement likely targets the Alawites, allies of the regime, it remains to be seen whether it will extend to the Kurds and Eastern Christians, who were long oppressed under the former regime.

Damascus : A capital in jubilation facing an uncertain future

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In general, Damascenes, regardless of their origins, are swept up in a wave of joy. Tomorrow could well mark the start of a new battle for freedom and democracy, but today, an unsustainable dictatorship has taken its final bow. Franco-Syrian journalist Hala Kodmanire counted the euphoria that filled the central square of the capital, which was renamed “Place of the Disappeared” in honor of those lost. Some of their faces are now reappearing, such as those of prisoners finally escaping the Saidnaya prison complex, 30 kilometers from the city, but not only. How could we not mention the radiant face of Nissan Ibrahim, the symbol of the Syrian revolution? Originally from Raqqa, raised on books and dreams of independence, she dedicated her life to imagining the reconstruction of apost-Bashar Syria, participating in roundtables and posting her demands on Facebook. Executed in 2015, her last words were: “At the start of the revolution, we hid my father’s religious books for fear of regime raids. Now, my mother asks me to hide my philosophy books because of Daesh… Long live freedom!” The echo of her voice now resonates through the streets of Damascus.

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Behind the chants and embraces in this new gathering place, the harsh reality of the people’s daily life remains to be reshaped. Eight out of ten Syrians live below the poverty line, and just two days after the regime’s collapse, the prices of bread and gasoline soared. With only two or three hours of electricity a day, the capital, like the rest of the country, is drained. Yet, like a faint but miraculous light in the darkness, a paradox is emerging : although Syrian society remains fragmented by extreme deprivation, as well as by ethnic, religious, and political rivalries, a phenomenon of interdependence is starting to take shape. Syrians, forced into extraordinary resilience, are increasingly relying on informal social structures. A retired officer, living in the suburbs of Damascus, recounted how he, along with his friends, had managed to mobilize local resources to address the emergency: garment factories donate clothes, food producers offer essential goods. Alongside this internal solidarity, there is the ongoing support from Syrian expatriates, who continue to send essential remittances. According to Al-Watan, these transfers amount to $3.6 billion annually,providing a lifeline to a moribund economy. Furthermore, hope is nourished by international initiatives. Projects like The Day Afterby the Arab Reform Initiative, supported by committed figures like Bassma Kodmani, aim to prepare for a viable democratic transition.

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Rebalancing Syria’s economy: toward fragile autonomy and emergent reconstruction

However, the path to reconstruction remains erratic. Today, Syria’s economic profile is that of a low-income country, far removed from the days when it was considered a fast-growing, middle- income economy. Agricultural production, once a pillar of Syria’s economy, has withered, increasing the country’s dependence on imports. Between 2011 and 2023, nearly half of Syria’s oil needs and a third of its national cereal consumption were met through imports. Oil production, already weakened, continues to decline, with an additional 6% drop in 2023. Yet, encouraging signs are emerging. Underal-Jolani’s governance, essential services have been restored in HTS-controlled areas, such as waste collection, transportation, and communications. These initiatives could be a crucial lever in planning the country’s reconstruction. As economists from Barclays note, restoring these basic infrastructures could attract foreign investors and international donors.

These initiatives, though still fragile, may mark the beginning of a lasting transformation. History has often shown that autocratic regimes, even those rooted in politico-religious ideologies, have an expiration date. Saddam Hussein in Iraq, Omar el-Bashir in Sudan, Gaddafi in Libya, and AliAbdullah Saleh in Yemen… The game always ends in checkmate (shah mat).

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Sources :

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Chute de Bachar el-Assad en Syrie : quel impact sur le Moyen-Orient ?

Courrier International - le chiffre du jour, la Syrie sous perfusion avec l'argent envoyé par la diaspora

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Les Échos - Afrique, Moyen Orient, Syrie : les chiffres vertigineux d'une économie à totalement reconstruire

L'Orient-Le Jour - Syrie : HTC fait marche arrière après unecontroverse sur la refonte du programme scolaire

LePoint - la guerre en Syrie : une apocalypse culturelle pour les joyaux du patrimoine

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Le Point - Nissan, une voix dans l'enfer de Raqqa
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Orient XXI -Survie, recompositions et résistances de la société syrienne

Radio France- Les Enjeux Internationaux : les Kurdes de Syrie, victimes collatérales de la chute du régime d'Assad

Revue Conflits - Offensive djihadiste à Alep analyse du basculement syrien Syrie vers l’éclatement du pays ?Analyse de Fabrice Balanche
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The Struggle For Syria - Patrick Seale

Crédits image : Iris France - Syrie : Bachar el-Assada gagné la guerre mas pas encore la paix

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Immerse yourself in the history of the Middle East with Henry Laurens' "Les crises d'Orient", a captivating ...

Les crises d’Orient (The Eastern Crises)- Henry Laurens

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Henry Laurens

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A specialist in the Arab world and questions of the Orient, Henry Laurens is a French historian and author of countless works, including: “Auxs ources de l'orientalisme la Bibliothèque orientale de Barthélemi d’Herbelot" (At the Origins of Orientalism, Barthélemi d’Herbelot's Oriental Library) (1978), “Paix et Guerre au Moyen-Orient, l'Orient arabe et le monde de 1945 à nos jours” (Peace and War in the Middle East, The Arab Orientand the World from 1945 to the Present) (1999),“La Question de Palestine” (The Palestinian Question) (2015) and, of course, “Les crises d’Orient" (The Eastern Crises) published between 2017 and 2019...

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Henry Laurens was born in 1954 in Neuilly-sur-Seine. As he confided to French-Lebanese journalist Antoine Sfeirin a 2014 interview, from the age of ten he already knew he was going to be a historian. The countdown was on. In 1973, after completing his secondary education at Carnot High, young Henry entered the hypokhâgne class at Louis-le-Grand High, specializing in history. The program was on "Islam : from its origins to 850", and it was there that the future historian encountered the Middle East.

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The student's involvement in the competition theme is total. Parallel to his studies, he decided to take Arabic lessons, then to pursue a degree in Arabic at the Sorbonne.

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But looking at the Orient from afar wasn't enough. Henry Laurens wanted to embrace the Arab world in a concrete way. So, in 1977, he left to do his national service at Kuwait University. The adventure was just beginning. In 1981, his path crossed that of the French Institute of Arab Studies in Damascus, and of Cairo University the following year. In 1989, Henry Laurens completed his thesis on La Révolution française et l'Islam (The French Revolution and Islam), earning a doctorate in history.

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In 2017, historian Henry Laurens, holder of the "Contemporary History of the Arab World" chair at the Collège de France, delivered lessons from his major work “Les crises d’Orient” (The Eastern Crises) to all those wondering about the origins of the Mediterranean region, its internecine wars, its actors and, perhaps, even its destiny. Far from an accusatory or moralistic discourse, Crises in the East patiently sets the scene, the players and then all the events that have taken place in this coveted and fantasized region. "Historians must recognize that they are not the masters of the representation of the past, they are only the artisans of the scientific segment of memory..." the author asserted in 2013, in the magazine Le Débat.

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Henry Laurens meticulously and acutely recounts the many episodes that have unfolded in the region since the 1870s. From the little-known origins of the First World War to imperial rivalries, the historian leaves no stone unturned : neither the backstage of European diplomacy, nor the events that led to the dismantling of the Ottoman Empire in 1914, nor even the emergence of the concept of "Middle East" in British politics.

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This essential work puts together all the pieces of the global geopolitical puzzle. We discover the central role played by Russia, the foundations of the Treaty of Lausanne and the predominant role of railways, oil...

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Whether you're an insatiable reader or an attentive listener, rediscover Henry Laurens' stories in bookshops or in the podcast series "Les Crises d'Orient" on the Radio France platform.

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Sources :

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https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/serie-crises-d-orient-le-moyen-orient-a-partir-de-1914

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https://www.college-de-france.fr/fr/agenda/cours/les-crises-orient-le-moyen-orient-partir-de-1914

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"Le passé imposé par Henry Laurens 1/11 : Dans l’atelier de l’historien, quelques concepts de base, par Henry Laurens" sur https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/les-cours-du-college-de-france/dans-l-atelier-de-l-historien-quelques-concepts-de-base-7756763 via @radiofrance

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Laurens

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On July 4, 2016, the world of cinema lost one of its greatest artists, Abbas Kiarostami ...

The man behind the camera: Abbas Kiarostami, giant of Iranian cinema

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*Credit : Wikimedia commons (Mohammad Hassanzadeh)*

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Beginnings and first steps

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Born in Tehran on June 22, 1940, Abbas Kiarostami developed an early interest in art and cinema. Graduated of Tehran University's Faculty of Fine Arts, he began his career working in advertising and producing commercials for Iranian television. Between 1962 and 1966, he produced around 150 TV commercials. 3 years later, he joined the Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults (Kanoun), where he began making short films with an educational and civic vocation. It wasn't until 1970 that he made his first film, Le Pain et la Rue, a twelve-minute dramatic short about a young boy confronted by a threatening dog. Shot in black and white, the film already demonstrates the filmmaker's talent for transforming a simple situation into a profound and symbolic story.

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Inborn talent and hard work

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Abbas Kiarostami is a workaholic. In just a few years, he produced over 40 films! Each of them reflects one of his personal convictions. For example, in 1979, he made Case n°1, Case n°2, a film that examines a moral dilemma in a school classroom, marking the beginning of the importance of childhood and education in his work. Between 1987 and 1994, Kiarostami directed The Koker Trilogy, consisting of Where's My Friend's House (1987), And Life Goes On (1992) and Through the Olive Trees (1994). These 3 films, all set in the village of Koker, explore themes of life, death and human resilience after the 1990 earthquake. The stories are staged simply but with depth. For example, Où est la maison de mon ami? is the story of a schoolboy trying to return a notebook to his friend to prevent him from being expelled from school, and Et la vie continue and Au travers des oliviers are explorations of the lives of earthquake survivors, blending reality and fiction. In the 2000s, Kiarostami continued to innovate with films such as Ten (2002), which takes place entirely in a car, and Shirin (2008), which presents the reactions of women watching a film.

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International recognition

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In 1990, Kiarostami produced Close-Up, a film that combines documentary and fiction, telling the true story of a man pretending to be the famous filmmaker Mohsen Makhmalbaf. The film was acclaimed by filmmakers such as Quentin Tarantino and Martin Scorsese, and is often considered a masterpiece. International recognition came in 1997 with Le Goût de la cerise, which won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. The film tells the story of a desperate man looking for someone to bury him after his suicide. Le Vent nous emportera (1999), which deals with the themes of life and death in a Kurdish village, also won numerous awards. Finally, Copie conforme (2010), with Juliette Binoche, marks her first directorial venture outside Iran, and wins the Best Actress prize at Cannes.

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What sets Abbas Kiarostami apart

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Kiarostami is out of the ordinary. He stands out for his unique approach to cinema, which blends fiction and reality with rare fluidity and poetry. Unlike many filmmakers, he avoids grand staging and special effects, preferring simple narratives and uncluttered frames. His work is characterized by long shots, location shooting and a subtle use of light and silence. Kiarostami seeks to capture the essence of everyday life and reveal beauty in the ordinary. His films are often seen as meditations on the human condition, tackling universal themes such as life, death, memory and identity. He was also a master in the use of metaphor and allegory, often employing elements of Persian culture and poetry to enrich his narratives.

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‍Legacy and influence

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Kiarostami has played a crucial role in putting Iranian cinema on the international stage. His successes inspired many Iranian directors and helped create a new wave of cinema in Iran. By remaining in Iran after the 1979 revolution, he demonstrated that it was possible to create meaningful art even under difficult political and social conditions. His work has also had a profound impact on the Arab world and beyond by showing a more nuanced and positive image of Iran, contributing to changing Western perceptions of the region.

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Kiarostami's legacy is huge. As proof, in 2021, a full retrospective and exhibition at the Centre Pompidou honored his work, underlining the importance of his artistic and cinematographic contributions. Abbas Kiarostami will forever remain a major figure in cinema, an artist who captured the essence of life with unrivalled simplicity and depth. His cinema, rooted in the realities of the East but universal in its themes, continues to resonate across cultures and generations.

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Sources :

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https://www.lefigaro.fr/cinema/2016/07/05/03002-20160705ARTFIG00195-abbas-kiarostami-ou-le-gout-d-une-douceur-iranienne-en-7-films.phphttps://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2021/06/01/au-centre-pompidou-les-enigmes-lumineuses-d-abbas-kiarostami_6082312_3246.html

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https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2016/07/04/le-cineaste-iranien-abbas-kiarostami-est-mort-a-l-age-de-76-ans_4963523_3246.html

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbas_Kiarostami

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https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/abbas-kiarostami-l-homme-qui-a-revele-au-monde-le-cinema-iranien-5880433

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Dubai, a city that rose from the sands of the Arabian Desert, has become a global epicenter for architectural ...

Re-defining Architectural Innovation for the Modern Era

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A Skyline of Record-Breaking Ambition

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Dubai’s transformation is most evident in its iconic skyline. Dominating this landscape is the Burj Khalifa, the tallest building on Earth at 828 meters. Designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, the Burj Khalifa exemplifies a fusion of aesthetic beauty and engineering ingenuity. The tower’s tapering design, inspired by Islamic architecture, incorporates advanced wind resistant technology, allowing it to soar where no other building has before. Its innovative use of reinforced concrete and glass not only enables its height but also creates an elegant, shimmering presence that symbolizes Dubai’s ambition.

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Equally revolutionary is the Burj Al Arab, the world’s first seven-star hotel. Designed to resemble a ship’s sail, it stands on an artificial island, blending traditional nautical symbolism with modern engineering feats. Its exoskeleton frame eliminates internal columns, creating vast open spaces that epitomize luxury and innovation.

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Pioneering Futuristic Design

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Dubai doesn’t just build structures; it creates visions of the future. The Museum of the Future, one of the city’s most ambitious projects, is a striking toroidal structure wrapped in stainless steel etched with Arabic calligraphy. Designed by Killa Design, this building combines artistic and technological innovation, showcasing advanced parametric design and robotics in construction. The museum not only houses exhibitions but also serves as a testament to Dubai’s commitment to exploring the possibilities of the future.

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The Dubai Frame is another groundbreaking project, redefining the role of architecture in storytelling. Standing 150 meters tall, it serves as a bridge between old and new Dubai, symbolizing the city’s rapid evolution. Its design integrates engineering precision and cultural narrative, turning a simple frame into a globally recognized landmark.

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Leading the Sustainability Movement

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Dubai is redefining sustainability in architecture, balancing its reputation for luxury with a growing commitment to green design. Projects like The Sustainable City demonstrate how modern architecture can align with environmental goals. This self-sufficient community integrates solar energy, car-free zones, and water recycling systems, providing a model for eco-conscious urban planning.

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The Al Bahr Towers, with their innovative adaptive facades, exemplify sustainable architecture at its best. Inspired by the traditional mashrabiya, the facades respond to sunlight, reducing heat gain and energy consumption. Such designs highlight Dubai’s ability to blend traditional influences with cutting-edge technology to address contemporary challenges.

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Smart Cities and Urban Innovation

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Dubai is not just building for today; it is crafting the cities of tomorrow. The transformation of the Expo 2020 site into District 2020 illustrates this vision. Designed as a smart city, it incorporates IoT-enabled infrastructure, autonomous transportation, and zero-emission buildings. This development reflects Dubai’s commitment to integrating technology with sustainable living, creating a blueprint for urban environments of the future.

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The Dubai Silicon Oasis and Dubai Internet City further showcase how architecture can foster innovation. These hubs integrate cutting-edge design with digital infrastructure, providing environments where creativity and technology thrive.

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Architectural Philosophy

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What sets Dubai apart is its philosophy of constant reinvention. The city’s projects often blend cultural heritage with futuristic ambition, creating structures that are both functional and symbolic. Collaborations with international architects and engineers ensure that Dubai remains at the forefront of innovation, continuously setting new benchmarks.

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Beyond its landmarks, Dubai’s architectural achievements reflect a deeper commitment to reshaping how humans interact with urban spaces. By focusing on sustainability, technology, and cultural identity, the city demonstrates that architecture can be a driving force for progress.

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A Vision for the Future

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Dubai is not merely constructing buildings; it is shaping a vision for the future. Its audacious projects and groundbreaking innovations challenge the limits of what architecture can achieve. From its record-breaking skyscrapers to its futuristic smart cities, Dubai exemplifies how design can inspire, transform, and lead. In redefining architectural innovation, Dubai has established itself as a beacon for forward-thinking design, proving that no dream is too bold and no challenge insurmountable.

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Sources :

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https://www.archdaily.com/1009657/integrating-heritage-and-innovation-7-architectural-installations-at-dubai-design-week-2023
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https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20191028-museum-of-the-future-the-building-designed-by-an-algorithm

https://www.dubaidesignweek.ae/news/dubais-architecture-and-its-creative-future/

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In our world, disrupted by climate change, the energy transition is essential. In this context, strategic ...

From oil to lithium : the vital energy transition in the countries of the Middle East and North Africa

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*Credit: AGBI / Reuters / Aramco oil field in the “empty quarter”. The national oil company plans to extract lithium from the brine used to flush oil wells*

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‍An essential metal for the future of the world economy

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Lithium has become essential for manufacturing the batteries that power electric cars. Global demand for lithium is set to triple by 2030, driven by the goal of many countries to achieve carbon neutrality. The race to secure lithium supplies is intensifying. Thus, owning exploitable reserves or mastering extraction technologies is becoming a strategic priority, both to reduce dependence on imports and to gain a foothold in green technology value chains. Indeed, for the MENA region, the stakes are twofold: use these resources to support a low-carbon economy, while attracting technological investment to transform economies still largely dependent on hydrocarbons. As we have seen, the fundamental issues for MENA countries lie in their ability to industrialize in order to build a robust, low-carbon economy, while guaranteeing sovereignty over strategic energy resources such as lithium.

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*Lithium is an essential metal for battery manufacture. (Steve Morfi/Shutterstock)*

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The promise of lithium-rich soils

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The MENA region's energy transition and lithium supply are not the stuff of fantasy - quite the contrary. The region's rich soil and technological capabilities give it the means to dream big and achieve great things. In the ambitious Gulf States, still too dependent on hydrocarbons, lithium is seen as a vital opportunity to reinvent their economies.

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In Saudi Arabia, for example, this ambition is reflected in exploration initiatives and international partnerships to secure extraction technologies. Its neighbor, the United Arab Emirates, is putting innovation at the heart of its course, with advanced research into extracting lithium from the brines produced by desalination.

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In North Africa, lithium offers incredible development potential. In Morocco, for example, numerous lithium deposits have yet to be discovered in the rock formations of the Atlas Mountains. Algeria, with its vast Saharan zones rich in rare minerals, offers gargantuan untapped potential, unfortunately slowed down by political instability and a lack of geological studies. In Tunisia, the south of the country, particularly near the salt basins, shows great potential, even if the lack of suitable regulatory frameworks remains an obstacle. Libya, despite its internal conflicts, could one day reveal hidden treasures in its Saharan brines. Lastly, Egypt, with its salt basins and desert regions, possesses assets that are still underestimated, with attention still focused on more traditional resources such as gold.

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The Dead Sea, meanwhile, a resource shared by Israel and Jordan, is a source of great hope. Its mineral-rich brines represent a phenomenal potential source of lithium. Israel, leading the way in exploration, has already taken several steps towards sustainable exploitation. However, Jordan, while promising, still needs to step up its efforts to keep up with its neighbor and the challenges of our time.

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Iran and Afghanistan on the threshold of a turning point

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In Iran, the recent discovery of an 8.5 million tonne lithium deposit in the western province of Hamadan is reshaping the country's energy transition. Estimated to account for around 10% of the world's lithium reserves, this discovery could position Iran as a key player on the global market. However, full exploitation of this deposit will only be possible if Iran is reintegrated into the international political game, as international sanctions are currently hampering access to advanced technologies and foreign investment. Despite this, the discovery represents a giant step forward for Iran, and demonstrates that the country has what it takes to play a major role in the global energy economy. If geopolitical conditions improve, there is no doubt that this natural resource could become the catalyst for a regional energy transition.

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Afghanistan, meanwhile, is often referred to as an “untapped mineral treasure”, not least for its enormous lithium potential. According to estimates by American geologists, the country could hold deposits worth several trillion dollars, with a significant proportion of lithium. These reserves, concentrated mainly in the provinces of Ghazni and Helmand, could rival those of the world's largest producers. In addition, the country could also benefit from the growing global demand for lithium by attracting foreign investment, notably from China, which is showing increasing interest in Afghan mining resources.However, the political and security situation remains a brake. Instability, combined with a lack of suitable infrastructure, prevents any large-scale exploitation. If these challenges are overcome, Afghanistan's lithium deposits could not only boost the national economy, but also transform the country into a key player in the regional and global energy transition. In this sense, Afghanistan, like Iran and other countries in the region, embodies hope and potential, both immense and yet so fragile.

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to learn more : https://www.abramundi.org/post/the-gulf-states-race-for-strategic-minerals-to-ensure-their-energy-transition).

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Sources :

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https://www.agbi.com/analysis/renewable-energy/2024/04/lithium-prices-market-gulf-production-ev/

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https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/fr/reports/middle-east-and-africa-lithium-ion-battery-market?srsltid=AfmBOooNmt6b3hIUGBBSr9t1REZplH_DKdTodCmyV5PCTPKOc-z_y0Ah

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https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2024/07/10/les-nouvelles-ambitions-des-pays-du-golfe-dans-les-minerais-strategiques_6248416_3234.html

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https://www.zonebourse.com/actualite-bourse/L-Arabie-saoudite-est-determinee-a-s-approvisionner-en-lithium-pour-ses-ambitions-en-matiere-de-46558466/

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https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1330356/liran-annonce-sa-premiere-decouverte-dun-gisement-de-lithium.html

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https://www.iris-france.org/163703-lafghanistan-est-il-vraiment-larabie-saoudite-du-lithium/

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Saudi Arabia has transformed itself at lightning speed in recent years, going from using donkeys for locomotion ...

Saudi Arabia : From black gold to technology, the Vision 2030 revolution

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*Aljadaan revealed that the unemployment rate in the Kingdom is low at 7.1 percent, and the number of SMEs led by women has doubled over the past seven years. (Photo Credit: SPA)*

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The new Saudi area

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Saudi Arabia's Finance Minister, Mohammed Al-Jadaan, recently announced a major breakthrough in the country's transformation process: non-oil GDP now accounts for 52% of the Saudi economy, up from just 40% in 2016.
This evolution is a direct result of efforts to develop sectors such as tourism, information technology, industry and financial services. This diversification is crucial for a country whose oil revenues have often accounted for over 70% of government revenue. Thus, the Saudi vision fits into a global context where economies are seeking to reduce their dependence on black gold, whose quantities are limited and finite. “Our goal is to become a diversified economy, capable of adapting to global changes and creating job opportunities for young people”, explains Al-Jadaan.

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Another result of this diversification is that the country has succeeded in creating a real economic and employment market. Indeed, with a predominantly young population (around 70% of the Saudi population is under 35), Saudi Arabia is banking on job creation to meet the aspirations of its new generation.
By 2023, the unemployment rate among Saudis had fallen to 8.5%, a historically low level, thanks to the country's many transformation projects. The private sector has been encouraged to play a central role in this transformation, supported by regulatory reforms encouraging entrepreneurship and foreign investment.

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Meanwhile, other sectors, such as tourism, are experiencing unprecedented growth. In 2022, the Kingdom welcomed 16.5 million visitors, an increase of 93% compared to 2021. The aim is to increase this figure to 100 million tourists by 2030, by developing internationally renowned tourist attractions such as Al-Ula, a region rich in historical heritage, the Diriyah area, the birthplace of the first Saudi capital, and diplomatic alliances to normalize relations, as with the Abraham agreements still being discussed.

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Investment and technology as new pillars of the economy

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Saudi Arabia's oil exit cannot be brutal. Investments, initiatives of all kinds and technologies are essential. Driven by Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia's Public Investment Fund (PIF) plays a key role in this regard. By 2023, the PIF has injected nearly $100 billion into local and international projects, aimed at positioning the Kingdom as a global player in various sectors. Among the flagship initiatives is NEOM, a futuristic megalopolis with an estimated investment of $500 billion.
This ambitious project, based on modern technologies and infrastructures, symbolizes Saudi Arabia's vision of an innovative future for the kingdom.

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The other leg of the country's diversification is digital and technological transformation. The Saudi government has allocated $20 billion to modernize the country's technological infrastructure. This strategy is accompanied by the expansion of 5G and the deployment of cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence and cybersecurity. The Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, for example, aims to increase the contribution of the digital economy from 3% to 10% of GDP by 2030. Finance also occupies a strategic place in Saudi development plans. Riyadh aims to become a regional financial center, in direct competition with hubs such as Dubai and Abu Dhabi.

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A commitment to sustainable development

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Although much remains to be done, Saudi Arabia has no intention of stopping in the face of criticism and the immensity of its ambitions. To complete the kingdom's renewal, MBS knows he must integrate ecology into his transformation program. To this end, in 2021, the Kingdom announced its “Saudi Green” initiative, a project that calls for the planting of 10 billion trees in the country and a reduction of 278 million tons of CO2 per year by 2030. What's more, in the energy sector, the Kingdom is also investing heavily in renewable energies, with projects such as the Sakaka solar power plant, the first large-scale installation of its kind in Saudi Arabia, and the Dumat Al-Jandal wind farm, the largest in the region. Investments in green technologies demonstrate the country's determination to position itself as a regional leader in clean energy. “We firmly believe that sustainable development is the key to our future and that of future generations,” said Mohammed bin Salman at the presentation of the Saudi Green initiative.

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Saudi Arabia's model of transformation and development is now inspiring many countries in the Middle East and North Africa, also keen to diversify their economies. Nations such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt and Bahrain are investing heavily in strategic sectors to reduce their dependence on hydrocarbons and follow Saudi Arabia's lead towards a more diversified economy. By supporting each other in this transition, these countries have the opportunity to create a consolidated economic area, like the European Union, and to build a region that will unite in the years to come to face the challenges of our time.

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Sources :

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https://economymiddleeast.com/news/fii8-non-oil-gdp-now-represents-52-percent-of-saudi-economy-aljadaan-says/

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https://www.arabnews.com/node/2577528/business-economy

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https://www.zawya.com/en/economy/gcc/non-oil-revenues-represent-52-of-saudis-gdp-minister-of-finance-abp152zt

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https://www.businesslinkuae.com/saudi-vision-2030-industries-and-sectors-open-for-investment/

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Hasna El Becharia, nicknamed the “Desert Rocker”, left her mark on the history of Algerian music ...

Hasna El Becharia : pioneer of diwane music and desert rocker

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*Algerian singer Hasna El Becharia. MICHEL COQBLIN/FESTIVAL ARABESQUES 2023*

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From beginning to destiny

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Born in 1950 in Béchar, a town in south-west Algeria, Hasna El Becharia grew up in a family that valued Gnaoua music and culture, a musical and spiritual tradition imported to Algeria by the descendants of African slaves. At an early age, she developed a passion for Diwane music, a traditional genre derived from Gnaoua practices, marked by its hypnotic rhythms and mystical chants.
Contrary to the social norms of her time, Hasna learned to play the guembri, a stringed instrument traditionally reserved for men. Defying the norms of her time, Hasna secretly learned to play this instrument, a decision that set her apart in a society where gender roles are strictly defined.

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At the age of 15, she began performing in public at local religious ceremonies.
A little later, in the 1970s, she left Béchar for Algiers, seeking to expand her musical horizons and promote her unique style, a fusion of traditional diwane and rock. Indeed, it was in the Algerian capital that she began to build a reputation.
Her talent was quickly recognized, and she became one of the first women to perform in popular cafés, singing and playing the guembri alongside the men.
In 2001, her career took a decisive turn when she recorded her first album, Djazaïr Johara, which brought her international recognition. This album, which blends the hypnotic rhythms of Gnaoua music with rock and blues influences, marks the beginning of her reputation as a “desert rocker” - a legend is born.

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Musical legacy

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Hasna El Becharia has created a unique musical style that has become a bridge between ancient traditions and modern expression. Her music is a skilful blend of traditional diwane and modern rock, reflecting not only the richness of Algerian culture but also its openness to outside influences. With albums such as Djazaïr Johara in 2001 and Smaa Smaa in 2012, she has captivated a wide audience, reaching beyond the borders of Algeria to international listeners.

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Through her music, Hasna also tried to deliver messages that were close to her heart. For example, by playing the guembri, a string instrument traditionally reserved for men, and incorporating elements of rock, she not only modernized the genre but also made it accessible to a wider, younger audience.
In doing so, Hasna sent a strong message that traditions can adapt while retaining their essence. Hasna also used her music to address themes of social justice and gender equality. Her songs were often about freedom, oppression and the fight for women's rights. As a woman, she was acutely aware that she had a special role to play in a predominantly male music scene, and that's why she sought to change that.

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Recognition and icon

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In 2017, Hasna was awarded the “Prix de la Francophonie” for her entire career, a testimony to her international influence and ability to transcend borders,
be they geographical or cultural. In this way, her work is a call to resistance and resilience, both a tribute to her cultural heritage and a declaration of love for modernity and renewal. Through her music, Hasna has not only left an indelible mark on the world of music, she has also blazed a trail for future generations of artists, especially women, in the Arab world and beyond. Indeed, she has always asserted her artistic independence and has never hesitated to speak out about her origins, beliefs and struggles. In 2004, after the release of her album “Algeria Blues”, she declared in an interview: “Music is my freedom. It's also my way of fighting against the injustices I've experienced as a woman”.

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Sources :

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https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2024/05/02/hasna-el-becharia-chanteuse-pionniere-de-la-musique-diwane-est-morte_6231143_3382.html

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https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2024/05/03/mort-de-la-chanteuse-algerienne-hasna-el-becharia-la-rockeuse-du-desert_6231330_3246.html

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https://www.telerama.fr/musique/mort-d-hasna-el-becharia-la-rockeuse-du-desert-7020277.php

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https://www.lefigaro.fr/musique/hasna-el-becharia-la-rockeuse-du-desert-algerien-est-decedee-20240502

‍

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musique_diwane

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https://www.youtube.com/GnawaMusic https://

fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guembri

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The recent launch of the deeptech program at the Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique (UM6P) in Paris marks ...

Mohammed VI Polytechnique University in Paris : when Africa and Europe innovate together

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Franco-Moroccan relations on the up

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Historically, Morocco and France have maintained deep, strategic relations, rooted in cultural, economic and political ties forged over decades.
Indeed, France, Morocco's second-largest trading partner (18.6% of exports), leading foreign investor, and the country of origin of remittances from the Moroccan diaspora and tourism revenues, is a major strategic ally of the Kingdom.
This bilateral relationship between Morocco and France is also reflected in the presence of French companies in Morocco, particularly in the automotive, aerospace and renewable energies sectors. Groups such as Renault, Peugeot and EDF play a key role in the kingdom's industrial development, while Morocco offers France a privileged gateway to the African market.

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However, these relations have sometimes been challenged by geopolitical tensions, particularly over the question of Western Sahara.
This territory, claimed by Morocco, has been at the heart of diplomatic tensions for several decades. In October 2024, an important turning point was marked when France reaffirmed its recognition of Moroccan sovereignty over the Western Sahara. France's announcement comes at a time of strategic rapprochement, when the two nations are seeking to strengthen their partnerships in education and innovation, two closely related fields. The launch pad couldn't be better for the creation of the deeptech program at Mohammed VI Polytechnique University in Paris, a concrete example of the dynamic between two countries combining their strengths to meet the challenges of our time.

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UM6P's deeptech program: A vision, actions

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Mohammed VI Polytechnique University, a leader in African innovation, has reached a new milestone with the launch of its deeptech program in Paris. Located in the former headquarters of OCP, this strategic antenna aims to build bridges between Europe and Africa, in order to address the climatic, economic and social challenges that particularly affect the continent.
According to Max Lesaffre, head of UM6P France's entrepreneurship and venturing deeptech cluster, the aim of this antenna is clear: “To connect our ecosystem to others, at international level, to accelerate partnerships” and meet the challenges of transition on the African continent. With two campuses in Morocco accommodating over 7,000 students, state-of-the-art laboratories and infrastructures such as experimental farms, UM6P offers a unique setting where innovation and research are geared towards concrete solutions.

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Water as a strategic priority

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This first program launched by UM6P in France targets innovative watertech startups. This choice is not insignificant: water management is one of the most critical challenges facing Africa, a continent where the scarcity of water resources threatens food security and economic development. "We are currently focusing on watertech startups, as this is one of the most important and urgent issues to address on the African continent, as water resources are becoming increasingly scarce. says Lesaffre. These innovations could have a major impact on millions of lives by helping to meet today's water challenges. The program plans to select between 5 and 10 startups, who will benefit from personalized support over a five-month period. Unlike other incubators, this support does not include any fees or equity stakes in the companies supported.

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Expansion perspectives

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Beyond water, UM6P plans to diversify its themes and the number of startups it supports over the coming years. By 2025, other cohorts of startups will be focusing on subjects such as renewable energies, digital health and artificial intelligence applied to agriculture. Despite this, the established model, based on a unique philosophy, will remain the same: support a limited number of startups to maximize impact. Indeed, the idea is to offer them the resources they need to transform innovative projects into concrete solutions that meet real-life needs, which requires high-quality support. In return, the startups benefit from UM6P's infrastructure and its international network of partners.

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Beyond these elements, the partnership between Morocco and France, symbolized, among others, by UM6P's deeptech program, embodies a promise: that of making the Mediterranean a bridge rather than a border.
Together, Europe and Africa can not only meet the existential challenges of our time, but also build the foundations for a more prosperous future.

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Sources :

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https://www.maddyness.com/2024/11/19/le-maroc-veut-se-rapprocher-des-startups-francaises-et-lance-son-programme-deeptech/

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https://www.polytechnique.edu/actualites/la-presidente-de-lx-dans-la-delegation-de-la-visite-detat-au-maroc

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https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2024/10/30/la-france-reaffirme-la-souverainete-marocaine-sur-le-sahara-occidental-mais-l-imbroglio-juridique-reste-intact_6366771_3212.html

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https://www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr/Pays/MA/profil-du-commerce-exterieur-du-maroc

https://www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr/Pays/MA/relations-economiques-bilaterales

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Source photo : https://www.lopinion.ma/Rabat-UM6P-Une-reflexion-cosmopolite-pour-valoriser-l-education-dans-les-politiques-publiques_a42036.html

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https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1619802/economie-entreprises/au-maroc-lum6p-se-voit-deja-en-mit/‍

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https://fr.le360.ma/economie/maroc-france-comment-lum6p-entend-jouer-les-premiers-et-nouveaux-roles_QTHU2JC3RNH7POSDXSJ6ZN7ML4/‍

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https://um6p.ma/en/node/435 ‍

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https://www.studyrama.com/formations/filieres/universite/l-universite-mohammed-vi-polytechnique-ouvre-sa-premiere-antenne-internationale-um6p-france ‍

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https://u-paris.fr/upcite-et-lum6p-lancent-un-premier-appel-a-projets-conjoints/

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The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Railway, a 2,177-kilometer network connecting Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, ...

IMEC and GCC Railway: A New era of connectivity and sustainability in the Middle East

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Announced at the 2023 G20 Summit in New Delhi, the IMEC aims to strengthen connectivity between India and Europe through the Gulf by integrating maritime, rail, and road networks to reduce transit times and costs. This corridor promotes economic collaboration, diversifies trade routes, and reinforces the Gulf's role as a key logistics hub. When integrated with the GCC Railway, IMEC will open up economic opportunities, attract investments, and deepen partnerships across Asia, the Middle East, and Europe.

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How will the GCC railway transform trade and Economic Growth in the Gulf ?

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The high-speed, cost-effective GCC Railway will play a vital role in the IMEC, enabling seamless goods movement between Asia and Europe through the Gulf. The railway aligns with the economic diversification and decarbonisation goals of the GCC, such as Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and UAE Vision 2021. IMEC’s connection between India and Europe solidifies the Gulf as a strategic trade bridge between East and West, enhancing the region’s global competitiveness, and its importance for the world trade. It is also testament to how visionary regional cooperation can unlock unprecedented economic potential while fostering interdependence that strengthens both individual nations and the Gulf as a whole.

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Promoting Low-Carbon Transportation Solutions

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Both the GCC Railway and IMEC emphasize sustainable infrastructure to reduce the environmental impact of transportation. Rail transport generates significantly lower emissions than road and air travel, making the GCC Railway an eco-friendly solution for regional transport. With substantial Gulf investments in decarbonization, the railway has potential for green energy integration, supporting carbon-reduction targets and aligning with national sustainability goals. The focus on low-carbon transport is not just a technological choice but a powerful statement from the Gulf region, showing the world that economic growth and environmental responsibility can be pursued in tandem. This shift to sustainable infrastructure inspires other regions facing similar crossroads.

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A Boost for Tourism and Regional Connectivity

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Beyond facilitating trade, the GCC Railway aims to boost regional tourism by enabling efficient cross-border travel. It also stands as a testament to the vision of Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince, who stated in 2023, “The new Europe will be the Middle East.” By linking major cities, airports, and tourist destinations, the railway will make the Gulf’s diverse attractions more accessible, much like the benefits of train connectivity across the EU. Integration with IMEC will further attract investment, expand economic opportunities, and foster a resilient, diversified economy.

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The GCC Railway and IMEC embody a shared vision of economic integration, sustainable development, and global connectivity for the Gulf. Together, they position the Gulf as a key link in global trade, with broad benefits for tourism, job creation, and environmental sustainability. These transformative projects lay the foundation for a prosperous future, with the Gulf at the centre of a new era in global connectivity.

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Sources :

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https://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/australianoutlook/the-india-middle-east-europe-economic-corridor-promises-and-challenges/

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https://www.railway.supply/en/gcc-railways-project-connecting-gulf-nations-with-a-unified-railway-network-by-2030/

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https://vision2030.gov.sa

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https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/strategies-initiatives-and-awards/uae-vision-2021

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The use of idiomatic expressions in a language is much more than just a form of communication ...

The power of Arab expressions : a mosaic of humor and wisdom

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In this article, we dive into the wealth of Arabic idiomatic expressions. Wisdom, humor and philosophy combine to bring a universal message: unity in diversity.

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One language, thousand faces

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The Arabic language, spoken by over 450 million people, is fascinatingly diverse. Its idiomatic expressions, though often rooted in local contexts, resonate throughout the world, in different forms, and cross geographical boundaries. Each idiom is a different invitation. Sometimes it invites us to discover a history, a way of seeing the world or even a philosophy of life.

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Take, for example, the expression “اللي على راسه بطحة يحسّس عليها” (illi aala rasoh batha yi'hiss aalayha), which literally means :

“Whoever has a bump on the head will continue to feel it”.

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This expression describes a guilty person who ends up betraying himself by his actions or words. In French, a similar version would be: “Celui auquel une dent fait mal y porte toujours la langue”. This proverb illustrates how human emotions, such as guilt, can take no other path than that of truth.

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Words of reason

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Idiomatic expressions also convey pragmatic life lessons, often with a touch of humor. Take the example of “على قد لحافك مد رجليك” (alaa qad lihafak mid rijleik), which means :

“Extend your legs as far as your blanket extends”.

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This proverb advises living within your means and not exceeding your resources. Naturally, this expression has echoes in other cultures, notably Mongolia, where it may originate from the traditions of desert nomads. It perfectly illustrates the idea that the values of cautiousness and humility are universal.

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Another striking example is “الناس اكلت وجهي” (al-naas akallet wejhi), literally:

“People ate my face”.

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Commonly used in Egypt, this expression describes the feeling of humiliation or “losing face”. It reflects the importance attached to honor and reputation, themes that undoubtedly resonate far beyond the Arab world.

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The Art of saying without saying

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Some idiomatic expressions illustrate the subtlety and wisdom of the Arabic language. Take “من كانَ بيتُهُ من زُجاج لا يرمي الناسَ بالحجارة” (min kana baytoh min zujaj, la yarmi al-nas bil-hajjar), which means:

“People who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones”.

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This proverb calls for introspection before criticizing others. Its French equivalent, “Balayer devant sa porte”, reminds us of the need to correct our own mistakes before pointing out those of others. Once again, we find a universal message that can find an echo in any culture, anywhere in the world, especially in these days of snap judgments.

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With humor and never without wisdom

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Nothing is more pleasing than the combination of wisdom and humor. For example, “القرد في عين أمه غزال” (al-qerd fi ae'en oumoh ghazaal), translated as:

“The monkey in his mother's eyes is a gazelle”.

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This idiomatic phrase is an expression of unconditional parental love. Its French equivalent would be “La beauté est subjective”. Here, this proverb invites us to embrace love as something that transcends imperfections and makes us see the most beautiful in everyone.

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Arabic idioms are a mosaic in themselves. Each piece is unique, but when put together with others, a magnificent picture is formed. To fully appreciate them, we need to understand that turns of phrase are not just words and games, but also values, stories and deep links that bring cultures together.

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Sources :

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https://www.middleeasteye.net/fr/actu-et-enquetes/quiz-combien-de-ces-expressions-idiomatiques-arabes-connaissez-vous

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabe#:~:text=Avec%20un%20nombre%20de%20locuteurs,langue%20s%C3%A9mitique%20la%20plus%20parl%C3%A9e).

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https://misterprepa.net/expressions-essais-arabe/

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On June 10, 2024, Crown Prince Moulay El Hassan inaugurated the construction of ...

In Casablanca, Prince Moulay El Hassan inaugurates Africa's largest desalination plant

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*Desalination plant on Morocco's coastline*

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A strategic project to support sovereignty

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The construction of this plant is taking place against a backdrop of rainfall deficit and increased pressure on Morocco's conventional water resources. This is why King Mohammed V launched the National Drinking Water Supply and Irrigation Program in 2020, with a total budget of 143 billion dirhams (14.3 billion euros). The aim is twofold: to meet the growing demand for water, and to strengthen Morocco's water and energy sovereignty by reducing its dependence on rainfall. At present, Morocco meets its water needs mainly through dams, the reuse of treated wastewater and integrated water resource management projects.
To complement these measures, Morocco has opted to launch a number of seawater desalination projects.

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‍*Source: Ministry of Equipment and Water*

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Combining technology and Moroccan expertise

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This gigantic project will be carried out in two phases on a 50-hectare site.
The first phase, scheduled to be operational by the end of 2026, will supply 548,000 m³ of treated water per day (200 million m³ per year). The second phase, scheduled for mid-2028, will increase total capacity to 822,000 m³ per day, or 300 million m³ per year, 50 million of which will be used for agricultural irrigation.

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At the cutting edge of technology, the plant will use reverse osmosis desalination, a filtration process in which salt water is passed through a semi-permeable membrane under high pressure. The membrane retains salts and impurities, enabling the production of drinking water.
This process is particularly effective for removing contaminants and producing drinking water from saltwater sources.

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Nothing is left to chance, not even the transport of drinking water from one point to another. To achieve this, the project will include three pumping stations, three storage reservoirs, and a distribution network of almost 130 kilometers of pipes. The total cost of this transport system is estimated at 3 billion dirhams,
to be financed by public funds.

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Equally noteworthy is the fact that the station's power supply will be based on 100% renewable energies. Thanks to the integration of wind and solar power self-generation solutions, the plant's operating costs and carbon footprint will be reduced.

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A boost for the economy and agriculture

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In Morocco, agriculture is a vital pillar of the economy, contributing around 14% of national GDP and employing almost 40% of the working population. In 2022, the agricultural sector generated around 115 billion dirhams, demonstrating its crucial role in the country's economic and social stability. The country's main crops include cereals, olives, citrus fruits and vegetables, with significant exports to Europe. To be able to continue developing its agri-food industry, Morocco must therefore meet its high water requirements. It is in this context that the new Casablanca desalination plant, in addition to meeting the drinking water needs of urban areas, will play a crucial role in agricultural development.
By supplying 50 million m³ of desalinated water dedicated to irrigation, the water supply for crops, even in times of drought, will be secured.

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The construction of the Casablanca desalination plant marks a crucial step forward in the management of water resources in Morocco.
The project represents a major leap forward for Morocco, and offers a development model for other MENA countries facing similar challenges, such as Israel and Saudi Arabia.

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Sources :

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https://www.atalayar.com/fr/articulo/politique/moulay-hassan-inaugure-construction-grande-station-dessalement-casablanca/20240611110318201393.html

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https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/150656/casablanca-moulay-hassan-lance-construction.html

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https://labass.net/82530-sar-le-prince-heritier-moulay-el-hassan-lance-la-construction-de-la-station-de-dessalement-de-casablanca-la-plus-grande-dafrique.html

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https://www.afrik.com/le-maroc-lance-a-casablanca-la-construction-de-la-plus-grande-station-de-dessalement-d-afrique

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https://static.medias24.com/content/uploads/2023/02/15/Carte-stations-dessalement2_en-service.svg?x20870

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https://www.lesechos.fr/monde/afrique-moyen-orient/la-secheresse-chronique-menace-la-bonne-sante-de-leconomie-marocaine-2077261#:~:text=L'agriculture%20repr%C3%A9sente%20aujourd'hui,%C3%A0%20l'%C3%A9conomie%20du%20royaume.

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In the Arabian Peninsula and beyond, governmental initiatives are multiplying to green the desert through new ...

Turning deserts green ?

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After having bestowed hydrocarbons and an invaluable oil windfall over the past two centuries, the vast expanses of sand, covering more than 2,330,000 square kilometers, are proving fertile ground. Convinced of this hypothesis, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates are redoubling efforts to make the desert “blossom”. These two Gulf states, along with Lebanon and Egypt, are launching renewed programs of planting and micro-irrigation. This phenomenon lies at the heart of an environmental transition movement. Indeed, regional euphoria stemming from years of oil revenue is now giving way to skepticism. From 2014 onwards, plummeting oil prices coupled with rapid depletion of oil reserves marked the end of the welfare state, now confronted with mounting public debt. The regional political and economic challenge is compounded by increased food demand, driven by massive rural exodus and an influx of foreign labor.

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However, in the early 21st century, structural dependence on foreign inputs and skilled labor obstructs the path toward foodself-sufficiency. Revising agricultural models inherited from the 1970s is crucial to modernizing old oases or conquering new agricultural lands. But howcan food yields be increased in countries where average precipitation does notexceed eighty millimeters per year ? Is the prospect of a greening desert realistic, or merely a mirage ?

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Reinventing Deserts : Micro-Irrigation at the Vanguard of the Green Revolution

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To combat physical determinism, science extends agricultural practices to mitigate aridity in desert zones. Many Arab countries are turning to micro-irrigation to increase yields and promote green development. This “drip-by-drip” technique minimizes soil over watering by delivering water directly to plant roots where it's most needed. Israel has transformed the face of the Negev desert with this method. Over time, this southern region has evolved into an oasis of foodstuffs. The Nana estate near Beer-Sheba annually produces between 15,000 and 20,000 bottles of spirits thanks to micro-irrigation. Buoyed by this success, the Israeli state now employs drip irrigation on 80% of its lands.

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Across the Mediterranean, governmental and non-governmental initiatives are unfolding with hopes of fostering land development. In Lebanon, the IFAD-funded agricultural infrastructure development project has borne fruit. It facilitated fruit tree planting in fallow lands of the Bekaa and Nabatieh hills, significantly boosting farmers’ incomes. In Egypt, the OFIDO (On Farm Irrigation Development Project In Oldlands), launched in 2009, pursues a similar objective. In the long run, this intervention is expected to create seasonal jobs for over 21,000 impoverished rural men and women in the Kafr El-Sheikh and Beheira governorates.

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What are the Costs ?

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According to a series of studies conducted by USAID in the Amhara region of Ethiopia, the combined adoption of drip irrigation, solar energy, and conservation agriculture practices has reduced water consumption by 30% while increasing productivity and yields by 15 to 30%. Small-scale micro-irrigation thus represents an effective model built on smart infrastructure that promotes climate resilience and financial sustainability. However, the sector faces a global funding deficit estimated at around $80 billionannually for developing these infrastructures. To ensure their long-term viability, operating and maintenance costs must be borne by organized agricultural cooperatives. It is also crucial for irrigation projects to develop well-defined exit strategies supported by appropriate legislation to secure continuous funding needed for infrastructure operation and maintenance.

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From Amber to Purple : The Surprising Makeover of Saudi Lands

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Beyond scientific ingenuity, could nature itself innovate ? In northern Saudi Arabia, the desert has traded its amber hue for a shimmering mauve. This small miracle, visible near the Saudi city of Rafha and dubbed “the lavender of the desert”, was fostered by abundant rains in late 2022. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is well on its way to becoming fertile ground. Petroleum revenues from this Gulf State have funded a promising agricultural program, based on advanced farming techniques and optimal irrigation systems. Between 1961 and 2008, irrigated agricultural lands have more than quintupled, expanding from 323,000 hectares to 1,620,000 hectares. The increase in cultivable lands has also facilitated the establishment of major Saudi agribusiness companies. Among them are Watania, operating 30,000 hectares, Nadec with 18,000 hectares, and the most opulent, the Al-Jawf Agricultural Development Company (Jadco), under royal governance, managing 60,000 hectares. Positioned across multiplesectors including both plant and animal agriculture, Al-Jawf has seen exceptional growth of 33% in its net income over the past five years. Where vegetation flourishes, so does profit.

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Tilling the fields, witnessing the first summer buds emerge — these phenomena debunk the romanticized image of an arid and sterile Middle East. This mistaken perception sharply contrasts with a reality far less dichotomous. While the previous century seemed to urge the Mediterranean periphery to delve underground to thrive in globalization, today, the regional future undeniably unfolds on the surface.

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Sources :

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https://www.geo.fr/voyage/comment-israel-a-transforme-le-desert-du-neguev-en-immense-laboratoire-high-tech-197681

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https://www.sciencesetavenir.fr/nature-environnement/plantes-et-vegetaux/en-arabie-saoudite-le-rare-spectacle-d-un-desert-tapisse-de-fleurs-mauves_169485

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https://journals.openedition.org/etudesrurales/17484

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https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2018-05/documents/ws-outdoors-microirrigation-homeownerguide.pdf

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https://www.ifad.org/en/web/operations/-/project/1100001447

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https://simplywall.st/stocks/sa/food-beverage-tobacco/sase-6070/al-jouf-agricultural-development-shares/news/al-jouf-agricultural-development-cos-tadawul6070-stock-has-s-1

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http://www.g-eau.fr/images/PRODUCTION/working-papers/WP9_Egypt_MOLLE.pdf

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The House of Wisdom, or Bayt al-Hikma, founded in early 9th-century Baghdad during the reign of the Abbasids, ...

The House of Wisdom: a lighthouse of knowledge and tolerance in Baghdad

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*Illustration of Baghdad, nicknamed the Round City or Madinat al-Salam, the "City of Peace", in 762 (Wikiwand)*

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Dream and revelation

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In the beginning: Baghdad. Founded in 762, the city was a prosperous metropolis and a hub of commerce, attracting intellectuals from all over the world. Its size was such that it already had over 1 million inhabitants, compared with 50,000 in Rome, then the largest city in Europe.

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At the heart of the city, the House of Wisdom was established under the caliphate of Harun al-Rashid (786-809), but it was during the reign of his son,
Al-Ma'mun (813-833), nicknamed the Wise Man of Baghdad, that the library reached its apogee. Al-Ma'mun was so passionate about literature that he spent his days reading and studying. Tradition has it that he was so keen on books that he agreed to stop the war against the Byzantines in exchange for a rare manuscript that was missing from his collection. One night, Al-Ma'mun had a dream in which Aristotle appeared to him. As a result, he decided to open the library to all scholars of the time, whether Jewish, Christian or Zoroastrian.

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*Baghdad's House of Wisdom and its scholars (Wikiwand)*

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Erudition and tolerance

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The House of Wisdom was not simply a library; it was a true center of knowledge, where scholars from different religions collaborated harmoniously. This diversity reflected the inclusive vision of the Abbasids, who saw the quest for knowledge as a duty transcending religious and cultural barriers.
Al-Ma'mun himself said that "knowledge is the noblest goal and should be sought from all quarters". Thus, the House of Wisdom has played a crucial role in the preservation and transmission of ancient knowledge. Scholars translated major works of Greek philosophy, Persian medicine, Indian mathematics and the natural sciences.

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Famous translators include Hunayn ibn Ishaq, who translated the works of Galen and Hippocrates, and Al-Khwarizmi, whose work in algebra and astronomy had a lasting influence on the sciences. Activities are not limited to translating and revising existing works ; Hunayn Ibn Ishaq, for example, also enriched Arabic vocabulary by introducing innovative scientific terminology. He adapts Greek words, such as philosophia, which he transforms into falsafa, and creates equivalent meanings adapted to the Arab context. For example, for the term "pylorus", he takes its Greek etymological meaning (guardian) and uses the Arabic word bawab (porter). In addition to translations and the enrichment of languages, many scientific disciplines were given pride of place.
Indeed, the mathematicians of the House of Wisdom introduced the Indian numerical system (later known as Arabic numerals) to Europe. Al-Khwarizmi, often considered the father of algebra, wrote "Kitab al-Jabr wa-l-Muqabala", which can be translated as "The Book of Addition and Subtraction", a fundamental work of mathematics.

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Decline and Legacy

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Following al-Mamun's death, the House of Wisdom began a slow decline, culminating in its destruction during the Mongol invasion. In 1258, the Mongol army led by Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan and first Mongol ruler of Iran, sacked Baghdad. Many precious manuscripts were thrown into the Tigris River, to the point of blackening its waters. Anticipating this disaster, the Persian astronomer Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201-1274) managed to save several thousand manuscripts by transferring them to the Maragha astronomical observatory, built by Hulagu in 1259 in north-west Iran. This observatory became a new center of knowledge, where the saved manuscripts continued to nourish the minds of the scholars of the day.

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The House of Wisdom, a pioneer in the translation and dissemination of knowledge, has inspired many similar initiatives around the world over the centuries, in both East and West. Centers of translation and knowledge multiplied, notably in Muslim Spain with the famous School of Toledo, where Muslim, Christian and Jewish scholars worked together to translate and preserve classical works. The tradition of the House of Wisdom also influenced European universities in the Middle Ages. Institutions such as the University of Salerno in Italy and Oxford University in England were inspired by the Baghdad model, particularly in their approach to medicine, astronomy and philosophy.
The most recent of these initiatives is the "Maison de la sagesse - Traduire", founded by French philosopher and academician Barbara Cassin in Paris, to perpetuate the spirit of this legendary library through the promotion of translation and intercultural dialogue. This modern institution continues to celebrate the legacy of the House of Wisdom by bringing together translators and scholars from diverse backgrounds to work together on translation projects that foster mutual understanding and international cooperation.

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In this way, the House of Wisdom not only represents a historic moment in Islamic culture, but also symbolizes a timeless vision of the quest for knowledge and peaceful coexistence between cultures. It is a reminder that the exchange of knowledge and collaboration between different civilizations are essential for the progress of humanity.

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Sources :

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https://www.middleeasteye.net/fr/actu-et-enquetes/irak-bagdad-maison-sagesse-bibliotheque-savoir-orient-civilisation-islamique

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https://www.bbc.com/afrique/monde-55396995

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https://books.openedition.org/septentrion/13973?lang=fr#:~:text=9La%20Maison%20de%20la,longtemps%20avant%20pour%20le%20christianisme.

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https://www.techno-science.net/glossaire-definition/Maison-de-la-sagesse.html

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https://books.google.fr/books/about/La_grande_histoire_du_monde.html?id=JG0SDQAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y

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The Gulf States have understood that hydrocarbons are both a blessing and a curse. They have enabled ...

The Gulf States' race for strategic minerals to ensure their energy transition

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*Credit: Saudi Arabia - Enriched to a low level (3.5% to 5%), uranium is used as fuel for nuclear power plants to generate electricity. Scott Prokop / stock.adobe.com*

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Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, like other nations in the region, are seeking to position themselves as leaders in the extraction and processing of strategic minerals needed for green technologies. These resources, such as copper, lithium, cobalt and nickel, have become essential for the manufacture of batteries, solar panels and wind turbines, which have become key elements in the energy transition. With this in mind, these countries are steadily strengthening their international partnerships to secure supplies of rare minerals and ensure their strategic sovereignty.

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The Middle East turns to Africa

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In the diplomatic sphere, a tough battle is being waged to secure mineral supplies. In December 2023, the United Arab Emirates, via International Resources Holding, acquired a majority stake in the Mopani copper mine in Zambia for $1.1 billion. Saudi Arabia, meanwhile, created the $15 billion Manara Fund and acquired a 10% stake in the subsidiary of Vale, a Brazilian mining giant specializing in strategic minerals. In addition, the country has signed mining cooperation agreements with several countries, including the Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Russia and Morocco. Finally, Saudi delegations also explored opportunities in lithium-rich Argentina and Chile.
These massive investments in strategic minerals are aimed at supporting local production of electric vehicles, such as the Lucid plant in Saudi Arabia, and supplying critical components to the aerospace and defense industries.
The stakes are clear: ensuring sovereignty to enable an energy transition.

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Credit : Infographie le monde - source USGS 2024; S&P Global; IEA; OSFME; "Les stocks stratégiques de métaux critiques", Observatoire de la sécurité des flux et des matières énergétiques, 2023 ; Le Monde

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Strategic success and nuclear ambition

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"I am pleased to announce that our estimate of the kingdom's untapped mineral potential has risen from $1,300 billion to $2,500 billion, an increase of 90%."

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These were the words of Bandar Alkhorayef, Saudi Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources, at a conference in Riyadh. The kingdom's 2030 strategic vision, spearheaded by Crown Prince MBS, is showing its first signs of success.
In addition, in 2023, the discovery of significant reserves of uranium, which can be mined locally. These resources could enable the country to independently produce the fuel needed for its future nuclear power plants. Recent explorations have identified a variety of uranium deposits in different regions of the Kingdom, including Jabal Saeed, Madinah and Jabal Qariah in the north.

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Significant quantities of titanium have also been discovered. In addition to solar and wind power, the Kingdom is counting on nuclear power to meet its growing demand for electricity, which rose by 20% between 2012 and 2020.
Nuclear power will therefore play a key role in energy-intensive projects such as water desalination, currently dependent on the combustion of hydrocarbons.
With the announcement in 2018 of the construction of 16 nuclear reactors over 20 years, at a cost of $80 billion, Saudi Arabia has reaffirmed its commitment to nuclear power. Recently, Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman confirmed the development of two large reactors, which will exploit local uranium resources, marking a significant step forward in the country's energy transition.

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A major economic and social impact

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Climate transition and industrialization have created thousands of jobs in Gulf countries, reducing unemployment rates and improving living standards for local populations. In Saudi Arabia, for example, the mining sector could generate around 250,000 direct and indirect jobs by 2030. By investing in local training and infrastructure, the Gulf states aim not only to foster skills development and education, but also to prepare a new generation of skilled workers to support a sovereign industry.

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The economic benefits are not limited to job creation. It is estimated that the mining projects underway in Saudi Arabia could add up to $64 billion to the country's economy each year. What's more, investment in the information technology and logistics infrastructure needed to support these mining operations is stimulating other economic sectors, creating a positive trickle-down effect across the economy as a whole. On a societal level, these developments provide education and vocational training opportunities for young people, helping to reduce inequalities and improve social mobility.
Gulf countries are setting up scholarship programs and partnerships with international academic institutions to train engineers and technicians specialized in the mining industry. Also in Saudi Arabia, initiatives such as the Mining Skills Development Program aim to train over 10,000 professionals by 2025.

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Even if the positive consequences are numerous, and the objective of an energy transition both laudable and imperative, there are still many critics of mineral extraction, as the techniques employed remain polluting.
That's why Gulf countries are stepping up initiatives to promote sustainable, environmentally-friendly mining. Gulf governments are investing in green technologies to minimize the environmental impact of mineral extraction, in line with the energy transition objectives dictated by the COPs. Saudi Arabia, for example, has allocated over $2 billion for research and development projects in clean technologies and sustainable mining.

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Thus, the Gulf countries' quest for strategic minerals is a proactive response to the challenges of climate transition and an opportunity to redefine their economies. Moreover, this dynamic is part of a long tradition of cultural and economic ties between the East and Africa, where trade and cultural interaction have shaped prosperous, interconnected civilizations.
Historically, the trade routes that crossed the Gulf and East Africa were essential vectors of prosperity and development. Today, these historic links are being rekindled by the Gulf countries' ambitions to industrialize and preserve their economic sovereignty. The common challenges shared by the East and Africa, particularly in terms of sustainable development and energy transition, place them at a common intersection, paving the way for enhanced cooperation and a prosperous shared future.

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Sources :

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https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2024/05/30/les-minerais-critiques-attisent-les-rivalites-entre-grandes-puissances_6236298_3234.html

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https://www.latribune.fr/economie/international/l-arabie-saoudite-mise-desormais-sur-ses-ressources-minieres-le-potentiel-evalue-a-2-500-milliards-de-dollars-987524.html

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https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2024/07/10/les-nouvelles-ambitions-des-pays-du-golfe-dans-les-minerais-strategiques_6248416_3234.html

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https://alj.com/fr/news/leading-saudi-arabias-renewable-energy-revolution/

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https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/nucleaire-l-arabie-saoudite-veut-utiliser-son-propre-uranium-20230111

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Mohamed Zinet is a major name in the history of Algerian and world cinema, not only for his contributions as ...

Rediscovering Mohamed Zinet : a unique Algerian artist

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Credit : Le 23/10/2023 in Coproduction internationale, Documentaire, La vie des films

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The story of a fighter and activist

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Mohamed Amokrane Zinet, more commonly known as Mohamed Zinet, was born in the Casbah of Algiers. This city, which nurtured his childhood, has remained at the heart of his artistic inspiration. Having taken part in the Algerian War of Independence in the ranks of the FLN, he then turned to the theater, where he began with plays such as Kateb Yacine's Le Cadavre encerclé. His theatrical career continued in France and Germany with Jean-Marie Serreau's troupe.

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His first feature film, Tahia ya didou! (Algiers insolite), made in 1971, is an emblematic work. Initially commissioned as a short tourist film by the Algiers town council, Zinet turned this project into a celebration of the city of Algiers, its people and their struggle for independence. The film, with no traditional narrative or dialogue, is presented as a kind of “symphonic film”. Although long considered lost, it was finally rediscovered in poor condition in the cellars of the Cinémathèque d'Alger, and is now considered a national film treasure.
The creation of “Tahia ya didou!” changed Zinet's life and destiny. The film, though revolutionary, cost Zinet his career in Algeria. His unconventional approach and outspokenness brought him criticism and professional obstacles, forcing him to move to France. Yet time has made “Tahia ya didou!” a major work by Zinet, testifying to his bold artistic vision and his commitment to representing the true essence of his native country.

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A career marked by powerful roles

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Mohamed Zinet is also known for his roles in various French films of the 1970s. His performance in Yves Boisset's Dupont Lajoie (1975) is particularly memorable. Zinet played the immigrant who came to avenge his brother, making him an emblematic figure of anti-racist cinema. The film, which denounced ordinary racism in France, was a great success, despite tensions and threats during the shooting. In 1974, while shooting Dupont Lajoie, Zinet was attacked by four men, resulting in his hospitalization and withdrawal from the set. This tragic event underlines the challenges he faced because of his origin and artistic choices in a highly polarized society.

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Zinet's work is eclectic. In addition to Tahia ya didou! and Dupont Lajoie, he appeared in several other notable films :

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René Vautier's Les Ajoncs (1970)
Les Trois Cousins (1970) by René Vautier
Le Bougnoul (1975) by Daniel Moosmann
La Vie devant soi (1977) by Moshe Mizrahi
Le Coup de sirocco (1978) by Alexandre Arcady
Robert et Robert (1978) by Claude Lelouch

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In Le Bougnoul, Zinet played the lead role of Mehdi Ben Chraïdi, a film which, despite its clumsy script, remains an acerbic critique of racism in France.
In 1978, he appeared in Claude Zidi's Les Sous-doués, playing Mustapha, a role that further demonstrated his versatility and talent for silent film-inspired pantomime.

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Rehabilitating the memory of a major cinema figure

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The French Cinémathèque recently put the spotlight on Zinet's work with a special program. This retrospective enabled us to rediscover his contributions and understand the depth of his artistic commitment. Mohamed Latrèche's documentary Zinet, Alger, le bonheur (2023) looks back on his life and work.

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As the years go by, Mohamed Zinet remains a fascinating, inspiring and emblematic figure in the history of Algerian and French cinema. His ability to navigate between the roles of actor, director and activist, while confronting the challenges of his time, makes him a role model for an entire generation. It is by viewing his films, particularly through the eyes of the present, that we realize the richness and complexity of the cultural identities between Algeria and France.

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Mohamed Zinet was an actor and director whose works and activist commitments left a lasting imprint on cinema and society. He used his talent to fight racism and stereotypes, notably in films such as Dupont Lajoie and
Le Bougnoul. In collaboration with militant filmmakers such as René Vautier, he defended the rights of immigrants and highlighted their precariousness and resilience. Inspired by Charlie Chaplin, Zinet believed in art as a means of struggle and liberation, using visual beauty and pantomime to express profound ideas.
His legacy is that of a visionary artist and passionate activist, whose commitment to social justice and freedom of expression continues to inspire.

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Sources :

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‍https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2024/06/05/redecouvrir-mohamed-zinet-acteur-et-cineaste-algerien-a-la-cinematheque_6237533_3246.html

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https://www.cinematheque.fr/cycle/mohamed-zinet-1263.html

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Zinet

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http://www.africine.org/index.php/personne/mohamed-zinet/7244

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It's early 2021 when 23-year-old Isabel Del Real decides to embark on the journey of ...

For the love of the world: a bicycle trip from Brittany to Teheran

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*^{Isabel Del Real, under the Azadi Tower in Teheran, has reached the end of her journey on her blue bicycle. | DR}*

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Journey and encounters

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During this adventure, which lasted almost 12 months and took her through 12 different countries, Isabel crossed mountains, deserts and cities, pedaling around 80 to 100 kilometers a day. She braved sometimes difficult weather conditions, impassable roads, and even situations of political tension. It's certainly a physical feat, but what makes Isabel's journey particularly inspiring is the way she has built bridges between cultures. Along the way, she met with locals, shared meals and listened to stories that gave her a unique insight into daily life in the regions she passed through. Isabel immersed herself in each culture, learning a few words of the local language and adopting new customs and traditions, always with a spirit of openness and respect.

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One of the highlights of her trip was her crossing of Italy. On the Amalfi coast, Isabel was welcomed by a local family who offered her hospitality after an exhausting day of cycling under the summer sun. It was during this unexpected stay that she discovered the conviviality of sharing home-cooked Italian cuisine around a warm table. Such encounters were frequent throughout her journey, and reinforced her love for people: “I remember one evening in Turkey when a family invited me to share dinner. We didn't speak the same language, but the smiles and generosity were enough to create an unforgettable moment,” she recounts.

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Arrival at destination

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On her arrival in Iran, Isabel experienced hospitality that touched her deeply, but also moments of tension. While in Tabriz, she was briefly detained by local police, suspicious of a foreigner traveling alone in a region rarely visited by Western tourists. After a few hours of questioning and discussions with a local guide who pleaded on her behalf, Isabel was released. “It was an intimidating experience, but it helped me understand how important communication and cultural understanding are,” she recalls. Afterwards, Isabel was welcomed by a community of Iranian cyclists who congratulated her on her achievement, “When I arrived in Tehran, I felt immense pride. This trip has taught me so much about myself and the goodness of people around the world,” she concludes. Of course, her day ended with an invitation from a family in Iran who offered her room and board for the night. After all, as the old Persian saying goes, “a guest is a gift from God”.

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Plouhéran, graphic novel of the journey

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“Plouhéran” is the book Isabel Del Real wrote to share her incredible cycling adventure from Brittany to Teheran. Through its pages, she recounts in detail her 15,000-kilometer journey, revealing the challenges, joys and discoveries that marked her journey. More than just a travel story, “Plouhéran” is an ode to the human capacity to connect with different cultures and love them with sincerity. In “Plouhéran”, Isabel Del Real adopts a personal and immersive writing style, allowing readers to feel every pedal stroke, every difficult climb, and every moment of doubt and joy. She describes with great sensitivity her interactions with the people she met along the way, from farmers in France to bazaar merchants in Iran. She also recounts poignant moments, such as the time she was helped by a Turkish family after a fall, or the support she received from Iranian cyclists on her arrival in Tehran. This book is a must-read for anyone dreaming of freedom, adventure and human connection.

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Her adventure is a reminder that, even in a world often marked by conflict and division, there is still place for hope, curiosity and sharing. For all of us, her story is an invitation to embrace the unknown and set out to discover the wonders the world and its people have to offer.

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Sources :

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https://www.kisskissbankbank.com/fr/projects/plouheran-a-velo-de-bretagne-a-teheran

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https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/podcasts/le-temps-d-un-bivouac/le-temps-d-un-bivouac-du-lundi-08-juillet-2024-7666500

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https://www.20minutes.fr/voyage/4034289-20230425-comment-isabel-parcouru-15-000-km-velo-depuis-bretagne-jusqu-teheran

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https://www.ouest-france.fr/bretagne/plouer-sur-rance-22490/de-plouer-a-teheran-a-velo-elle-a-atteint-son-but-b2d44acc-5f69-11ec-8140-53ae5369a671

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Her silky hair framing her fiery gaze, Sarah has never faltered under the weight of the ...

Who is Sarah Idan ? The Miss Iraq who paraded on all fronts

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Sarah Idan at the United Nations Human Rights Council, June 26, 2019

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This secular Muslim is a personality who stands out in both the media and diplomatic landscape. Sarah Idan strives to break down cultural and religious barriers, advocating dialogue and education as weapons against obscurantism. Musician, translator and ambassador for peace, she deploys her many talents for a single purpose: bringing people together and building a fairer world. Each chapter of this modern icon's journey reveals a new facet of her commitment and determination.

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Sarah's childhood in Baghdad: Finding her way through music

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Little Sarah grew up in Baghdad. From the moment she took her first steps in elementary school, the future beauty queen embraced with her classmates the lyrics and movements of a daily political choreography: “Glory to Saddam, long live Saddam Hussein!” At the time, Iraqi society was corseted by an oppressive state apparatus. On the broadcast “Story of Us”, the former Miss confides: “We had no freedom, we couldn't even make a joke about Saddam Hussein... There were only three TV channels, all controlled by the regime.”

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Despite this assertive indoctrination, the little girl's thoughts remained elsewhere. In the 1980s, as the Iran-Iraq war raged in the capital, Sarah drowned out the sound of the bombings with her headphones. Cloistered in her room, she would play Christina Aguilera's “The Voice Within” over and over again. “Young lady, don't cry, I'll be right here when your world starts to fall apart... Just trust the voice within. Then you'll find the strength that will guide your way.” Like Marjane Satrapi, who recalls in her Persepolis novel the day she first discovered American pop-rock, the Iraqi teenager began to escape into music. Lulled by the words of a foreign language, she taught herself to decip her this unknown dialect. This was the beginning of her vocation as an interpreter.

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On the eve of her sixteenth birthday, Sarah Idan applied for a job as a translator at the U.S. Embassy. Despite her fluent oral expression and solid knowledge of grammar, the teenager was rejected because she was too young. “Come back when you're eighteen”, she was told. Which she did, successfully.

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Now sheltered by her dual Iraqi-American nationality - after receiving the green card promised by the embassy in exchange for her services - Sarah decided to put her linguistic skills to a new use. “I was aware that I was now part of the privileged ones, and I wanted to represent Iraq in the best possible way”.

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On the catwalk of diplomacy: the unprecedented friendship of Miss Iraq and Miss Israel

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In 2016, Sarah Idan won the much coveted title of “Miss Iraq”. A year later, the beautiful brunette continued the adventure by enlisting in the Miss Universe competition. But Sarah couldn't be complacent with a sheepish smile and a haggard stare in front of the cameras. Mindful of the diplomatic and inclusive dimension of the competition, Miss Iraq took the initiative to go and meet Adar Gandelsman, aka Miss Israel.

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This unforeseen face-to-face encounter, which would later lead to a beautiful friendship, was immortalized in a selfie entitled “Peace and Love from Miss Iraq and Miss Israel”. The snapshot immediately caused a stir, both on digital channels and in the press. Despite threats and attempts to intimidate her, Sarah refused to delete the publication from her Instagram account. She repeated in an interview: “It was important for me to say hello to Adar, she was the only one who hadn't dared approach me. I told her that I had no hatred towards her and that we had to fulfill our role as ambassadors of peace.”

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In 2018, Sarah Idan was invited to speak in Israel. Although slightly skeptical at first, the beauty queen accepted the invitation. The trip shook her vision of the Hebrew state. “All my life, I'd been told that Israel was a state only for Jews, and that we had no place there... Suddenly, I saw a mother walking down the street with her daughter in hijab, and I spotted posters wishing ‘Eid Mubarak’. I had also noticed that the hotel manager and some of the representatives of the assembly to which I had been invited were all Arabs.” The ambassador of peace was overwhelmed by her stay in Jerusalem. From then on, she set her sights on a new platform to defend her ideals : the new media.

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Soon on the congress steps : Sarah Idan, the committed candidate

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Now acknowledged as a committed activist, Sarah Idan is determined to represent her people on the international stage to the utmost. With over 100,000 followers on her X and Instagram accounts, the former Miss Iraq wields her pen to denounce the disrespect for human rights. Sarah Idan regularly writes articles, published in various periodicals including Algemeiner Journal. Her latest column warned of the disappearance of Iraq's diversity: “Sadly, Iraq’s diversity is being destroyed. Christian population has fallen by over 80%, from 1.4 million in 1987 to about 250,000 today. Iraq’s religious minorities are fleeing because they see no future in their ancient homeland...” In addition to being a media-savvy speaker, the young woman is also founder and CEO of the inter-cultural association Humanity4ward, which aspires to promote dialogue and cooperation between Jews and Muslims all around the world.

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The next stairway Sarah Idan intends to tread is that of Congress. As a candidate for representative of California's 30th district under the Democratic Party ticket, Sarah is resolved to bring a new inflection to American politics, while confronting the deniers of the tragic events of October 7. In December 2023, she even visited Kfar Aza, a community devastated by Hamas terrorist attacks, to bring humanitarian aid.

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As a former Miss Iraq, Sarah Idan has always argued that beauty queens should not be judged solely on their looks, but also embody models of grace and kindness.

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Representing these very values, the young woman seems to have succeeded in trusting the voice within herself.

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Sources :

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https://fr.timesofisrael.com/les-reflexions-dune-ex-miss-irak-qui-a-parcouru-les-villes-devastees-du-sud-disrael/

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https://twitter.com/RealSarahIdan?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor

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https://humanityforward.com/

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https://www.middleeasteye.net/fr/actu-et-enquetes/etats-unis-ex-miss-irak-sioniste-musulmane-annonce-candidature-congres-sarah-idan

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https://www.instagram.com/p/CtFfKAovwup/?utm_source=ig_embed&ig_rid=6b55eef6-5693-4dee-9e4e-6c0b2511bfbb

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https://www.i24news.tv/fr/actu/israel-en-guerre/1703940680-l-ancienne-miss-irak-sarah-idan-en-visite-de-solidarite-en-israel

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Founded in 2023 by Saad Naja, and based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, PiP World is a start-up that aims to ...

PiP World, the Emirati revolution in financial education

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The emergence of a bold idea

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PiP World's vision was born of a simple but striking observation: many young adults lack the essential financial skills to navigate the complex world of personal finance. Inspired by international initiatives, but also by the needs of new generations, Saad Naja wanted to offer a practical and fun tool to help people understand that managing money should be a basic skill accessible to all.

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The startup stands out for its innovative use of gamification to capture the attention of its users. Unlike traditional teaching methods, the app uses games and simulations to explain financial concepts in a way that deeply captures attention. So, instead of being confronted with theoretical texts or abstract calculations, users learn how to manage a budget, save and invest in a gamified way. This not only demystifies finance, but also encourages more intuitive learning in an age when smartphones are king. More specifically, the platform is designed around clear pedagogical objectives, with each module designed to teach a fundamental aspect of personal finance. It covers topics such as budgeting, debt management and basic investing, and incorporates rewards and levels to unlock. What better way to motivate users ?

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Fundraising and acceleration

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PiP World recently attracted attention by raising $10 million in its first round of financing from investors such as Exinity Group. This massive financial backing will enable PiP World to expand internationally and perfect its educational modules. Commenting on this success, Saad Naja said: “This investment will enable us to expand our offering and reach a greater number of users worldwide, particularly in emerging markets where financial tools and knowledge are scarce”. Exinity's financial backing should enable PiP World to expand its footprint particularly in the Middle East and Asia, regions which are seeing a growing demand for digital educational solutions. Through this collaboration, PiP World also hopes to leverage Exinity's user base of over 5 million active traders to raise awareness of the benefits of gamified financial literacy. As you can see, the sky's the limit for this fine young start-up.

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Impact entrepreneurship

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PiP World is not just about financial education. Indeed, in a world where youth debts are a growing problem, this platform has become an essential tool for promoting responsible money management. It has already attracted several thousand active users, and its model could serve as a benchmark for other educational initiatives in various fields. To further increase this societal impact, the startup plans to integrate additional functionalities in the coming months, including courses on sustainable finance and advice on optimizing sustainable investments.

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This startup's success story is a perfect reflection of the bright entrepreneurial spirit that drives the tech startup ecosystem, particularly in the United Arab Emirates. It is the fruit of the fast transformation of the MENA region, thanks in particular to technological innovation and entrepreneurship. Education is a key theme that both governments and startups are addressing with passion, to ensure that more and more talent emerges

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Sources :

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https://tribetechie.com/pip-world-secures-10m-seed/

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https://www.edtechreview.in/news/pip-world-raises-10m-seed-funding-to-empower-financial-literacy/

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https://medium.com/@cmointern.media/pip-world-raises-10m-to-gamify-financial-learning-d09a68b3ff91

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https://incubees.com/pip-world-raised-10-m-seed-funding-from-exinity/

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https://www.linkedin.com/company/pip-world/?originalSubdomain=ae

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https://en.incarabia.com/pip-world-pockets-us10-million-in-seed-funding-691141.html

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Yehuda Amichaï, who was born in 1924 in Würzburg, Germany, and died in 2000 in Jerusalem ...

Rediscovering the Oriental poets - Yehuda Amichaï

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Amichaï is renowned for his ability to talk about the major tragedies of the 20th century in an accessible, unadorned way, with melancholy and irony, but also with an intense love of life and its simple details.

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“The place where we are right

Is hard and sharp

Like a hammered court.”

(Extract from L'endroit où nous avons raison)

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Paradigm shift

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Yehuda Amichaï, born Ludwig Pfeuffer, grew up in an Orthodox Jewish family in Germany. His childhood was deeply affected by the rise of Nazism, which forced his family to flee to Mandate Palestine in 1935. The family settled in Jerusalem and our poet, then a young man, was mobilized during the Second World War in the Jewish Brigade of the British Army. This experience marked the beginning of his first writings and awakened him to the importance of multiple identities. He later took part in the Israeli War of Independence in 1948. It was in this tragic way, through the experience of war, that he would put the pain of exile at the center of his work. Before becoming the renowned poet he is today, Amichaï began studying at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem after the war, where he studied literature and biblical history. He soon began to write in Hebrew, his adopted language, a choice that symbolized his deep ties with Israel, but at the same time kept in mind his German and European origins.

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A master of modern Hebrew poetry

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As we outlined earlier, Amichai revolutionized Hebrew poetry by grounding it in concrete reality and moving away from traditional biblical themes to tackle more everyday subjects. One of Amichai's major themes is war, but treated on a human and personal level, which makes the work particularly moving. In poems such as From the Height of This War, he transforms battle stories into a reflection on the human condition, on pain, loss and the absurdity of conflict.

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“God has mercy on kindergarten children,

He has less pity on schoolkids.

And he no longer has pity on adults.”

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Despite all this, Amichaï is not only a poet of conflict, but also a poet of love and family. Many of his poems deal with human relationships, from romantic love to parental love and love of land and country. One of his most famous collections, Love in Jerusalem, perfectly illustrates this duality between intimate love and love for the sacred city.

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“Love in Jerusalem”

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One of Amichaï's most emblematic works is undoubtedly Love in Jerusalem, in which he paints Jerusalem not only as a sacred and historic city, but also as a metaphor for the complexity of modern life. Jerusalem is a place of tension and pain, but also of beauty and love. In this collection, Amichaï explores the city's thousand-year-old history and the political realities of his time.

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“Jerusalem is full of old parables and prayers,

It has been sold so many times and bought, conquered and abandoned,

And in its streets children still play football.”

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So, over the decades, Yehuda Amichaï has been recognised as one of Israel's greatest poets, not only for his contribution to Hebrew poetry, but also for using his pen as a bridge between past and present, between the intimate and the universal. He is often regarded as the poetic voice of Jerusalem, his adopted city, which he transformed into a living metaphor for love.

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Peace through words

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Throughout his long career, our poet became a fervent advocate of intercultural dialogue. He was deeply convinced of the power of words to build bridges between cultures and peoples. In his poems, he rejected hatred and denounced the futility of violence, while advocating a peaceful future for Israel and its Arab neighbors. He wrote:

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“Even in the most violent wars, the voice of the poet is a refuge where we can hear the echo of a shared humanity.”

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This humanist approach is at the heart of his works and his commitment to a world where mutual understanding prevails over differences. Amichaï saw Jerusalem, the thousand-year-old city at the heart of religious and political tensions, not only as a symbol of division but also as a potential crossroads for reconciliation.

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Even after his death in 2000, Amichaï remained a powerful voice for humanity. His poems have become a tool for reflection for readers all over the world, whether Israeli, Arab or from other horizons. His poetry is frequently used in cultural mediation contexts, showing that words can be a powerful lever for reconciliation.

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Sources :

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https://www.babelio.com/auteur/Yehuda-Amichaï/149215/citations

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C3%A9sie_h%C3%A9bra%C3%AFque

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https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/yehuda-Amichaï

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https://www.espritsnomades.net/litterature/yehuda-Amichaï-la-vigie-de-jerusalem/

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yehuda_Amicha%C3%AF

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https://www.babelio.com/auteur/Yehuda-Amichaï/149215/citations

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https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/secret-professionnel/le-secret-professionnel-du-grand-poete-de-jerusalem-yehuda-Amichaï-2136412

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https://books.openedition.org/pressesinalco/40424?lan

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Can we still indulge in dishes that are 4000 years old ? One bite into the soft, chewy crumb of a good pita is ...

Leaven and the Levant : How did bread mold the Middle East ?

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Recipes and Rituals: The essence of the oriental bread

From one country to another, bread takes on different meanings according to events and seasons. For Jews, unleavened bread, or “matzah”, is eaten with bitterness at Pesach, while for Muslims, pide bread is savored with joy at dusk during the month of Ramadan.

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In Armenia and Iran, making lavash - thin, crusty bread, often accompanied by meat - is almost a ceremony. In an atmosphere imbued with music, the women at the stove share stories as they wait for the dough to rise. In addition to its function as a social vehicle, lavash also takes on a sacred dimension at weddings. When delicately placed on the shoulders of the newly weds, it symbolizes the vows offertility and prosperity that accompany this crucial passage.

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Beyond its nutritional value, bread embodies life and spiritual connection. In Judaism,the braiding of the Challah is a ritual charged with meaning, where a piece of dough is reserved and offered to the priests of the ancient temple, the cohanim, in a gesture known as “lehafrish” in Hebrew. Similarly, in Christianity, the bread materializes the body of Jesus during communion, establishing a tangible relationship with God.

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Breaking Breads: In Tel Aviv, Uri Scheft breaks codes and loaves

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From heaven to earth, bread, once distributed to the Hebrews as divine manna during the desert crossing, has now been tamed by their descendants. On the road thatbridges Beirut, Bethlehem, and Tel Aviv, Mediterranean gourmets display their boundless creativity in reinventing their traditional breads. Israeli chef Uri Scheft, a master in the art of mixing flavors and cultures, skilfully blends influences from the four corners of the region into his dough : Morocco, Yemen, Georgia, Denmark... A whirlwind of flavors, a palette of gastronomic customs. Of Scandinavian origin, Uri Scheft confides that bread has always been a source of inspiration and nostalgia in his nomadic life. When his parents left Copenhagen for Israel, they took with them the desire to preserve their Danish way of life. Her mother, already an avid baker,continued to concoct breads and typical Scandinavian dishes.

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Nowadays, Uri Scheft is at the head of the famous Lehamim Bakery in Tel Aviv to carry on his heritage, while enriching it with local specialities. The result ? The Lehamim Bakery counter overflows with bread recipes as surprising as delicious: babka with Nutella, rugelach, the Israeli croissant filled with chocolate, focacci with shakshuka, as well as Yemeni breads such as Kubaneh and Jachnun. Committed to bringing his customers along on his culinary journey, Uri Scheft shares the secrets behind his creations in his book “Breaking Breads”.

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Fadi Kattan : The Palestinian Chef who went from the house of bread to the palace of gastronomy

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Another baker who breaks codes and breads, Fadi Kattan, is also keen to share his thousand and one ways of using flour in his recipe book: “Bethlehem: A Celebration of Palestinian Food”. Originally from Bethlehem, the Palestinian chef grew up in the capital of bread. Literally. The etymology of Bethlehem (Beit Lachma) means “house of bread” in Aramaic. Fashioned by his peregrinations in India, Japan and Sudan, Fadi Kattan continues to convey his cuisine by adding the local specificities of each land. Recently, his book came into being with the opening of Akubin Notting Hill.

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Batrouni Bakery: a family kneading where all flavours are shared

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What could be more pleasant than breaking bread as a family ? In Beirut's Broummana Street, the Batrouni family has created the authentic Batrouni Bakery, where traditional recipes based on za'hatar, cheese dumplings and other Lebanese delicacies adorn the stalls. Aware that they are not the only ones in the region to embark on this gustatory venture, the Batrouni family has succeeded in standing out from the crowd by inventing brand-new pastries.

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“No more bread...shall they have some Brioche ?” What about the shortage of cereals in the MENA region ?

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These three bibles of world baking also unveil an undeniable facet of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region : the importance of bread in daily life and its increasing scarcity. Behind every loaf of bread that is eaten lies a pressing reality in the ongoing struggle against poverty and food insecurity. This societal challenge is underpinned by food subsidies. In Egypt, for example, these subsidies account for 1.3% of the overall government expenditure and benefit eighty-two million people, thus ensuring they have access to basic products such as Baladi bread.

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Demand for wheat in the Middle East is closely linked to demographic trends which, according to Demeter Club estimates, should reach 390 million by 2040 and 448 million by 2100. This imminent growth is inevitably coupled with an increase in demand for staple products, starting with bread. Yet despite significant domestic production, many countries in the Mediterranean region remain heavily dependent on wheat imports to meet their food demand, and import dependency remains significant. Morocco purchases twenty-six million tonnes of wheat a year. Turkey accounts for thirty-five million and Algeria for forty-sixmillion. This reliance underscores the strategic importance of this resource in the regional context.

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There’s a lot on our plate, indeed.

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Sources :

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https://www.cairn.info/revue-la-pensee-de-midi-2007-3-page-70.htm

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https://www.thesultan.com/fr/blog/exploration-du-pain-moyen-oriental/

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https://rosenhebrewschool.com/fr/blog/challah-and-our-ascension-through-hebrew/

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https://www.cairn.info/le-demeter--0011662117-page-319.htm

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https://www.cairn.info/revue-communio-2017-2-page-19.htm

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https://omnivorebooks.myshopify.com/products/baking-israeli-bread-uri-scheft-breaking-breads-a-new-world-of-israeli-baking

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https://www.jewishfoodsociety.org/stories/an-israeli-baker-finds-his-danish-roots

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https://www.fadikattan.com/

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https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1347189/la-boulangerie-batrouni-une-histoire-de-famille.html

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Credits image : Unsplash - Svetlana B

Credits image : Dinner a Love Story

Credits image : Seasoned With Sydney

Credits image : L’Orient-Le Jour

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In Iran, the tradition of dance dates back to the pre-Achaemenid era, with archaeological evidence dating from ...

Iranian hearts soar to the rhythm of the dances

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*Persian women dancing. Detail from a mural in the "Kakk-e Hasht Behest" (Palace of Eight Paradises), Esfahan, Iran.*

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There are many forms of dance in Iran, but one of the most widespread is "improvisation". This variety of dance is very popular in Iran, especially on happy occasions such as weddings. What makes it so special is that the dancers avoid direct physical contact. For example, even couples don't hold each other by the waist, as is often the case in the Occident. What's more, the movements of these dances are not choreographed in advance.

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The most famous dance is "Tehrani" (raqs-e tehrânî), influenced by the traditions of Uyghurs, Uzbeks, Turks, Armenians and Eastern Mediterranean peoples. Tehrani dance emphasizes arm movements, held at shoulder level, and values facial expressions, as well as subtle movements of the lower body and hips. Movements are improvised to music with a 6/8 rhythm, known as reng.

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Hands off, no dancing allowed

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In 1979, the Iranian revolution brought down the monarchy of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, the last king of Iran. Following this, Ayatollah Khomeini came to power and established a theocratic regime in Iran, based on Sharia law: this was the beginning of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Restrictions are numerous, and those imposed on traditional Iranian dance are harsh. Under Islamic law, women are forbidden to dance alone in public, or to take part in mixed dances.

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However, since the protest movements triggered by the tragic death of Mahsa Amini in 2022, dance has become a powerful means of expression against the regime, for both men and women. Despite the risks of repression, many Iranians use dance as a form of protest to defy the regime and demonstrate their desire to be free. In the streets, in markets and on social networks, women are dancing to symbolize their fight for freedom and equality.

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Dancing for women, life and freedom

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A few months ago, an Iranian cab driver became an unexpected anti-regime icon after his dances in a fish market went viral. At the age of 70, the man, nicknamed "Uncle Sadegh", regularly draws crowds to the coastal town of Rasht with his singing and dancing. Recently, one of his videos caused a huge stir on Iranian social networks. However, the authorities judged his actions to be in violation of Islamic norms. "Uncle Sadegh" was therefore arrested and his Instagram account, which has over 675,000 followers, temporarily suspended. In response, thousands of Iranians began sharing videos as a sign of support. Faced with growing public pressure, the authorities finally released Mr. Sadegh and removed the ban from his Instagram account.

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Another case: five young women dancing to the song "Calm Down" to celebrate Women's Rights Day. Filmed in Tehran's Ekbatan district, the video has gone viral. The young women are seen wearing crop tops, with their hair free and dancing - a violation of current Islamic regulations. The dance provoked a reaction from the authorities, who used CCTV footage to identify and arrest the dancers. They were briefly detained and forced to express regret in a video before being released.

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The next dance

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Every day, Iran reveals a new facet of its identity, driven by the aspirations of its youth for greater freedom. This momentum is largely fueled by Iranians' vision of a West where democracy and individual freedom rule. Thanks to technology, and in particular VPNs enabling them to bypass social networking bans, Iran's youth are connecting with the world, discovering different ways of life and forging their determination to change their country. So, on every street corner and in every house where music is heard, dance becomes a declaration of love for a better future. Each step in this direction is the choreography of the next Iranian dance: that of a prosperous, united and peaceful Iran.

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Sources :

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danses_d%27Iran

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https://www.journaldesfemmes.fr/societe/actu/2097752-en-iran-danser-est-un-crime/

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https://www.lefigaro.fr/international/iran-deux-jeunes-femmes-ayant-danse-en-public-arretees-pour-avoir-brise-les-normes-sociales-20240309

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kP9j70fdzP0

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https://www.leparisien.fr/international/iran-cinq-jeunes-femmes-filmees-dansant-sur-calm-down-auraient-ete-arretees-14-03-2023-EMFCAPHSBRE2VA27H5727XSUTU.php

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https://www.ft.com/content/39b47e62-001d-48c5-8c17-e6568d9160af

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https://www.iranintl.com/en/202303147109

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Founded in 2018 by Jenny Cohen Derfler, Yam Derfler, Efrat Sagi Ofir and Yegor Kurbachev ...

Air Doctor: the Israeli success story that is revolutionizing travel health

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Every problem has its solution

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The idea behind Air Doctor was born out of a frustration that one of the founders, Jenny Cohen Derfler, experienced when she found herself traveling abroad without easy access to reliable healthcare. Recognizing that this was a problem that affected millions of travelers each year, the entrepreneurial team decided to tackle the challenge. “Finding a doctor when you’re traveling and don’t speak the local language can be a nerve-wracking experience. We wanted to create a solution that simplifies this aspect of travel for the millions of people who travel each year,” says Jenny Cohen Derfler in an interview. The Air Doctor platform offers an app that allows travelers to connect directly to a network of over 20,000 doctors in over 84 countries, covering a wide range of medical specialties. Additionally, whether for an in-person or online consultation, users can filter their searches by language, specialty, or distance.

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Growing to Achieve the Mission

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Since its creation, Air Doctor has experienced rapid growth. By 2023, the company had facilitated thousands of medical consultations worldwide, and this number continues to grow with the rise of post-pandemic tourism. Subsequently, in October 2024, the startup closed a $20 million funding round, aimed at strengthening its international presence and expanding its network of doctors. This round of financing brings the company's total funding to $38 million, a very impressive result in the field of healthcare technology. With this round of funding, Air Doctor is aiming for more aggressive international expansion, particularly in Asia, Latin America and Europe. In addition, the startup plans to add new features to its app, including multilingual assistance services and preventive consultation offerings for travelers with chronic illnesses.

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An Israeli vision and entrepreneurial spirit

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The founders had a perfect sense of the market, understanding early on that travelers, whether on business or on vacation, are increasingly aware of the health risks they may encounter in unfamiliar environments. It's this flair that enables Air Doctor to change the game. It's not about connecting people, it's about offering peace of mind. “Knowing that I can access an English-speaking doctor anywhere, anytime, makes my travels a lot less stressful", says a regular user of the app. The startup perfectly embodies the entrepreneurial spirit of the country often referred to as "Start-up Nation", as it is the fruit of an ecosystem where technological innovation is essential and solutions to global problems are emerging on a regular basis.

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Without a doubt, Air Doctor's story is a true success story, combining technology, innovation and vision. But surely, even if this dynamic of success is particularly visible in countries like Israel, other countries, such as the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia, are also undergoing a true transformation and modernization, putting them at the heart of a shared future.

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Sources :

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https://www.kametventures.com/news/air-doctor-scores-7-8m-to-connect-travellers-with-local-doctors

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https://techfundingnews.com/air-doctor-secures-20m-to-expand-global-healthcare-access-for-travelers/

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https://www.itespresso.fr/press-release/air-doctor-leve-20-millions-de-dollars-pour-developper-sa-presence-internationale

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https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/01/air-doctor-raised-20m-to-plug-a-gap-in-how-people-find-doctors-when-theyre-travelling/

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https://startuprise.org/air-doctor-a-multi-million-dollar-enterprise/

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https://www.insurtechinsights.com/startup-story-jenny-cohen-derfler-ceo-of-air-doctor-talks-health-and-travel/

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The “Startup Act” is a pioneering and deeply structuring initiative aimed at transforming Tunisia's ...

The Tunisian “Startup Act”: an entrepreneurial revolution

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^{Source : Initiatives to strengthen entrepreneurial skills and encourage innovation @Novation city}

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The contours of the “Startup Act”

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The “Startup Act” includes numerous laws and regulations governing the various support schemes. However, there are 3 main thrusts to this initiative: the label, administrative facilities and tax benefits. The “Startup Label” is by far the most sought-after by technology startups, as it enables young companies meeting specific criteria - such as stage of creation, degree of innovation or scalability - to access various benefits. By 2023, over 900 startups had already obtained this label.

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One of the main benefits of the label is access to the “Startup Grant”, an allowance for co-founders of startups in the launch phase. This grant covers living expenses for one year, with amounts indexed to previous earnings, ranging from 1,000 TND to 5,000 TND per month. This enables entrepreneurs to concentrate fully on developing their business without worrying about immediate financial constraints.

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In addition, the “Congé pour la Création d'une Startup” offers co-founders the possibility of taking a year's leave, renewable once, to devote themselves entirely to their entrepreneurial project. This leave is protected by legislation, guaranteeing that the employer, whether public or private (with the exception of private companies with fewer than 100 employees), cannot oppose the departure. What's more, beneficiaries have the security of returning to their original job at any time, subject to a notice period.

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Another advantage is that young graduates joining a startup can also continue to benefit from employment programs such as the CIVP. This means that even if they leave the startup, they can reactivate their eligibility for these programs for up to three years, offering additional security to young talent choosing the entrepreneurial path.

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The new face of the Tunisian entrepreneurial eco-system

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Since its launch over 6 years ago, the “Startup Act” has had a profound impact on the Tunisian economy and entrepreneurial eco-system. It has contributed to the creation of thousands of jobs, particularly for young people, and stimulated innovation in many sectors. According to an article by Resilient Digital Africa, “Tunisia's technology sector grew by 14% in 2022, largely thanks to Startup Act initiatives.” In addition, many Tunisian entrepreneurs testify to the benefits offered by the “Startup Act”. For example, Amel Saidane, co-founder of incubator “BetaCube”, says: “The Startup Act has been a catalyst for our ecosystem, enabling us to grow faster and more sustainably.”

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Firstly, the initiative has fostered the creation of over 900 innovative startups in technology sectors such as healthcare, transport, education, climate and AI. These startups now benefit from simplified access to finance thanks to dedicated funds and tax exemptions, which has attracted the interest of foreign investors and boosted the local economy. Indeed, investment in Tunisian startups has exceeded 300 million dinars (around $100 million) since the initiative was launched. What's more, startups and entrepreneurship play a major role in job creation, reducing unemployment and “brain drain”. According to the GSMA report, this entrepreneurial eco-system boom has contributed to the creation of over 50,000 direct and indirect jobs.

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The map below provides a clear perspective on the depth of the impact of the Startup Act:

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The “Startup Act 2.0” to consolidate and improve

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In 2023, the Tunisian government has decided to strengthen the “Startup Act” by introducing “Startup Act 2.0”, which aims to complement the initial framework and further stimulate the growth of startups. To achieve this, the Tunisian government will place internationalization at the heart of the new scheme. Tunisian startups will now benefit from specific programs to access international markets, forge foreign partnerships and obtain global funding. In 2023, for example, over 50 Tunisian startups took part in international trade fairs thanks to this initiative. Another crucial point is access to financing. Additional measures to facilitate access to investment funds and bank loans have been put in place. The government has introduced guarantees to encourage banks to lend to startups, increasing the flow of capital to young innovative companies by 30% by 2023.

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Tunisia, a land of talent, continues its quest to diversify and stimulate its economy by creating a dynamic entrepreneurial ecosystem. The Startup Act and Startup Act 2.0, anchored in new legislation, provide solutions on the ground to enable the country to realize its ambitions. Thanks to these initiatives, Tunisia is positioning itself as a regional leader in innovation and entrepreneurship, moving resolutely forward in the direction of a prosperous economic future.

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‍Sources :

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https://startup.gov.tn/fr/startup_act/discover

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https://www.cuatrecasas.com/resources/legal-flash-key-aspects-of-the-startup-act-63a43c0dca8ab003371626.pdf?v1.37.1.3.20221201

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https://resilient.digital-africa.co/en/blog/2024/03/05/tunisia-startup-act-four-years-to-develop-the-entrepreneurial-ecosystem-assessment/

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/ecosystem-deep-dives-tunisias-start-up-act-timothy-motte/

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https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-for-development/blog/exploring-the-rising-tunisian-start-up-ecosystem/

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https://www.facebook.com/eotunisia/?locale=sq_AL

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https://startup.gov.tn/fr/startup_act/benefits_to_entrepreneurs

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Imrou'l Qays was born at the beginning of the 6th century (around 501), and is undoubtedly one of the most ...

Rediscovering the Oriental poets - Imrou'l Qays

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From kingdom to desert

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Imrou'l Qays, son of a king of the Kinda tribe, was born into a noble and influential family in northern Arabia. His lineage destined him for a prestigious future, but his life soon took a more tumultuous turn, marked by exile and rebellion. Growing up surrounded by comfort and power, the young prince developed an early passion for poetry, a form of expression particularly prized in pre-Islamic Arab society. Yet it was this passion that, ironically, led to his exile. From his teens onwards, Imrou'l Qays made a name for himself with his love poems, in which he described his romantic adventures and nocturnal escapades without restraint.

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However, in a society where modesty and discretion were the norm for royalty, his provocative and sometimes immoral verses shocked the nobles. His father, exasperated by his irresponsible behavior, banned him from court. This banishment, although a personal tragedy for Imrou'l Qays, paradoxically marked the beginning of his legend. From then on, Imrou'l Qays began a nomadic life, traveling the desert and taking refuge with neighboring tribes. However, this rejection did not extinguish his love of poetry. On the contrary, this new freedom enabled him to develop his art further and to immerse himself in the desert landscapes and travel experiences.

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Mu'allaqa: The immortal work

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The desert became a major source of inspiration in his poems. He describes not only the beauty and harshness of this environment, but also the human emotions reflected in it: love, loss, nostalgia and wandering. His Mu'allaqa, one of the most famous poems in Arabic literature, perfectly illustrates this duality between the exaltation of pleasures and the contemplation of the frivolity of existence. For example, this poem begins with a nasîb, or lyrical introduction, in which the poet laments his past loves and expresses his desire for a woman who is now far away:

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“Arise, my companions, let us weep at the memory of the beloved, of a shelter by the dunes she once inhabited.”

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Imrou'l Qays does not hesitate to speak frankly about his love affairs, but these verses are not just accounts of conquests: they convey an emotional depth that makes his poems universal. The poet constantly oscillates between the joy of love and the pain of separation, and it is this tension that gives his poetry its strength. The desert landscapes he describes become the mirror of his tormented soul, where the search for love merges with the search for inner peace.

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Imrou'l Qays is also renowned for his ability to capture the details of nature with great precision. He evokes sandstorms, shifting dunes, the scarcity of water, but also the fragile beauty of desert roses, symbols of the ephemeral. For Arab readers, this ability to fuse the elements of nature with human emotions made him an unrivaled poet. Another famous passage shows this sensitivity:

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“If the morning wind passes through the garden, may the scent of the rose soothe suffering hearts.”

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Redemption and legacy

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While Imrou'l Qays's poetry is marked by passion, it is also marked by pain and loss. After the death of his father, he embarked on a quest for revenge to reclaim his throne. This quest took him across vast regions of the Arabian Peninsula, where he continued to write and to make contact with the royal courts. His dealings with Byzantine rulers demonstrated his ability to navigate between the Arab and Western worlds. However, Imrou'l Qays died in mysterious circumstances around 540, without having been able to complete his mission of vengeance. It is said that he was poisoned by the Byzantine emperor, Justinian I.

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Whatever the case, his work survived well beyond his earthly life, continuing to influence not only Arabic poetry, but the entire Muslim literary tradition. His mu'allaqât were taught and transmitted orally long after his death, becoming a model for the poets who followed him. His influence can be seen in the writings of authors such as Al-Mutanabbi and many other major figures in Arabic poetry. So Imrou'l Qays was not just another poet, but a central figure in the Arab literary tradition. Through his poetry, he captured the beauty and contradictions of human existence. His ability to describe both the greatness of nature and the complexity of human emotions makes him a timeless poet, and we have tried to make a modest rediscovery of him.

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Sources :

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27allaq%C3%A2t

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https://alresala-alarabiya.com/177471/

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https://www.persee.fr/doc/jafr_0399-0346_2002_num_72_2_1311

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imrou%27l_Qays

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https://aftia.fr/imrou-el-qays-grand-poete-arabe/

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https://hal.science/hal-01423476/document

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Tunisia is renowned for its countless mosaic collections, offering a perfect “mise en abyme” of its national ...

The Colours of Tunisia : Discovering North Africa's Most Mosaic Country

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Tunisian Mosaics: Reflections of a Multisecular Legacy

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Mosaics first appeared on the outskirts of Mesopotamia towards the end of the 4th century,and quickly spread to the Tunisian coast, where numerous Alexandrian artists settled to teach and spread the art. Initially adopted by the bourgeois elite, this new workmanship paved the gardens, living rooms and furniture of thebsumptuous country estates of Sousse, Dougga and Oudhna. From the 2nd century AD. onwards, the ingenuity of mosaic schools aroused the interest of Christian customers to decorate sacred spaces and funerary steles.

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It also attracted the Judaizing community of Naro, which was very active between the end of the 5th century and the beginning of the 6th century AD. Discovered in 1883, the Naro synagogue was covered with a magnificent mosaic of several figurative panels. The colorful relics excavated from the Christian tombs and the Naro synagogue have been carefully preserved in the Bardo National Museum, which houses one of the world's largest collections of Roman, Byzantine, Judeo-Christian and Arab-Islamic mosaics. Located in the former beylical palace, the Bardo is much more than a classic museum of cool, silent works; this cultural mecca is brimming with colors, anecdotes and artistic styles from the various civilizations that have succeeded one another over the centuries.

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Votive engraving in the prayer room of the Hammam-LifSynagogue, ancient Naro

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The Many Faces of a Chameleonic Tunisia: Heroes and Dynasties From Elsewhere

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Far from being stationary, exchanges resulting from travel, conquest and alliances have considerably influenced the course of the country's history.
These interactions are highlighted by the museum, which endeavours to retrace the path of the ethnic groups and emblematic figures of foreign origin who have contributed to Tunisia's great edifice. The territory of the old Ifriqiya saw the reign of several foreign dynasties, including the Abbasids, the Almohads from the Moroccan High Atlas and the Rostémides from Tahert (located in the center of current Algeria). The arrival of the Umayyads in 670, under the leadership of the Egyptian lieutenant Okba Ibn Nâfi, led to the foundation of Kairouan, considered the first holy city in the Maghreb. These successive occupations have left memorable figures in their wake. Legendary figures populate Tunisia's military and political landscape, including the Berber king Koceïlaand the Kahena.
This warrior, Jewish or Christian depending on the etymological interpretation of her surname, is said to have come from eastern Algeria to continue the resistance against the Umayyad caliphate, and to have taken refuge in the amphitheatre of El Jem during her last battle.

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From Echoes of the Past to New Vibrations : Multicultural Challenges in Contemporary Tunisia

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Outside the museum, what remains of the polychrome communities that shaped Tunisia's mythical narrative? In 1856, there were a dozen thousand Christians living in the capital. In 2024, only 2,000 were counted. This minority is made up of European Christians, Tunisian Christians and Christian migrants of sub-Saharan origin. The Jewish population, which numbered 120,000 souls in 1956 at the time of independence, now stands at just 1,200. In 2003, a third of them lived in and around the capital, while the remainder live on the island of Djerba, where they settled 2,500 years ago. Despite contemporary challenges in terms of security and representativeness, the Jewish community witnessed the historic appointment of Renée Trabelsi in 2018, the first Minister of Tourism of the Jewish faith, by Youssef Chahed.

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Now, even President Kaïs Saïd's very controversial views on migration policy and religious tolerance have failed to alter the essence of Tunisia, which is deeply imbued with its multicultural past. This is clearly echoed in Radio Mosaïque, which is listened to by over 75% of Tunisians, according to statistics from Média Scan. True to its name, Radio Mosaïque broadcasts a variety of international music, from Lebanese singer Nancy Ajram to Charles Aznavour, the famous Franco-Armenian songwriter, as well as English-speaking artists.

The Bardo Museum is not the only one to exhibit mosaics. While the iconic mosaic of Virgil's Alcove can still be admired on site, art lovers and tourists alike will need to explore the rest of the country to discover the cultural patchwork that makes up Tunisia. Indeed, each region contributes to the thousand and one fragments of a historical kaleidoscope that shapes the Tunisia of Habib Bourguiba.

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Sources :

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Bardo National Museum, Tunis

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https://www.college-de-france.fr/fr/agenda/conferencier-invite/les-maisons-de-thuburbo-majus-tunisie-et-leur-decor-mosaique

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https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Ffr%2Flist%2F499#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url

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https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/132783.pdf

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https://www.csactu.fr/la-tunisie-pays-des-mosaiques-par-excellence/

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https://web.archive.org/web/20070502114736/http://www.magharebia.com/

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https://www.village-justice.com/articles/les-minorites-religieuses-tunisie-une-consecration-juridique-denuee-toute

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Hafez, born around 1325 in Shiraz, medieval Iran, is one of the greatest poets of Persian literature ...

Rediscovering the Oriental poets - Hafez of Shiraz

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“I can no longer call myself Christian, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist or Jew...

Love has so completely befriended me,

It has turned me into ashes and freed me

From every concept and image my mind has ever known."

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‍A Master of Lyric Poetry

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Hafez, whose real name is Shams al-Din Muhammad, was born into a modest family in Shiraz, a city renowned for its cultural and intellectual ferment. We mention this because his upbringing was influenced by this environment, particularly through his study of the Koran, which gave rise to his nickname ‘Hafez’, meaning ‘he who has memorized the Koran’. Indeed, theology, literature and the Koranic sciences formed an important part of his education, profoundly influencing his poetry.

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Hafez was soon recognised for his exceptional talent with words, combining spirituality and love in his verse. Sufi mysticism, very present in his writings, enabled him to transgress the boundaries between the sacred and the profane. From his earliest works, he combined the search for divine love with metaphors for earthly love, transcending the traditional boundaries of religious poetry. It is essential to understand that the influence of Sufism, a mystical current in Islam, is fundamental to Hafez's work. He uses metaphors and symbols to evoke the spiritual quest, while remaining accessible to the reader through his references to everyday life, nature and human emotions. For example, wine and drunkenness, recurring themes in his poems, represent the dissolution of the ego and mystical union with the divine, a controversial but powerful image in the Islamic context. Below are two verses by Hafez that provide an insight into the very essence of his nature, which is worth far more than a biography :

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“The day I came into the world, a desire for love was awakened,

From that love I took a taste that will never fade.”

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The Divân, a life's work

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One of his most famous contributions is his collection of poems entitled “Divân de Hafez”. This collection has become an essential reference in Iran, so much so that it is commonly consulted on important occasions such as the Persian New Year.

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*The first page of the manuscript of The Divan 1899*

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The Divân of Hafez contains around 500 ghazals, although the exact number may vary according to editions and compilations. The ghazals focus on two main themes: love (earthly and divine) and Sufism (the mystical quest for union with God). Hafez wields the art of the ghazal with a unique subtlety, managing to fuse spiritual and material, secular and mystical elements, while respecting the rigid structure of this poetic form. What's more, the Divân's poems are often built around metaphors and symbols: wine, the tavern, drunkenness, the garden, the nightingale and the rose recur frequently in his verses. These elements, although apparently linked to earthly pleasures, actually symbolize deeper concepts, notably the spiritual quest and divine love. For example, wine often represents spiritual knowledge, while drunkenness is synonymous with mystical ecstasy and forgetting oneself in God.

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« Si le vent passe au jardin, cueille une rose,
Elle est le miroir des visages joyeux. »

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What is particularly interesting about his verses is that, because of their allegorical and enigmatic nature, the Divân has been the subject of many interpretations over the centuries. Some see it as an expression of the spiritual quest, while others see it as a more literal love poem. The beauty of the Divân lies precisely in this ambiguity, which leaves room for a multitude of personal interpretations. Finally, Hafez's Divân is not just a literary collection, it is a sacred text for many Iranians. It is used in an almost divinatory manner: what is known as fāl-e Hafez is often practiced, a method of consultation in which the Divân is opened at random to obtain advice or answers to personal questions.

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Legacy

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Hafez died in Shiraz in 1390, leaving behind a monumental literary legacy. After his death, his reputation continued to grow. His mausoleum in Shiraz is a place of pilgrimage for poetry lovers and admirers of his work. Centuries after his death, his verses continue to resonate in Iran and around the world.

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“The poems I write will endure, their flame will live on in the hearts of men, long after I am gone.”

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As he knew, Hafez left an indelible mark on Persian poetry. He is often compared to poets such as Saadi and Rumi, but Hafez managed to find a distinct style, marked by his mastery of forms and images, which immortalized the eternal questions of love, spirituality and the quest for meaning.

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Sources :

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https://shs.cairn.info/revue-philosophique-2012-1-page-61?lang=fr

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_(po%C3%A8te)

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http://www.teheran.ir/spip.php?article448#gsc.tab=0

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https://lequotidien.lu/culture/en-iran-la-bonne-aventure-se-dit-en-poesie/

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https://www.librairieclareton.fr/livre/23528711-le-livre-d-or-du-divan-hafez-segher

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https://discover.hubpages.com/literature/A-Glimpse-Into-The-Life-and-Poetry-of-hafezHafiz

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https://fr.irandestination.com/poetes-persans/

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Div%C3%A2n_de_Hafez

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Hicham El Guerrouj, nicknamed the “King of the Middle Distance”, is an emblematic figure in Moroccan and world ...

Hicham El Guerrouj: Legend and symbol of Moroccan athletics

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An exceptional journey

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Born on September 14, 1974 in Berkane, a town in northeastern Morocco, Hicham El Guerrouj grew up in a modest family where he discovered his passion for running at an early age, often running with his classmates in the streets of his hometown. His sporting potential was quickly spotted, and he joined the ranks of the local athletics club, where he distinguished himself through his natural talent and determination. In 1992, at the age of 18, El Guerrouj left Berkane to join the national training center in Rabat, the capital of Morocco. This decision was a crucial turning point in his career, as it enabled him to train alongside the country's top athletes and with internationally renowned coaches. It was at this center that he began to specialize in middle-distance races, particularly the 1,500 meters, a discipline that would soon establish him as a legend.

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His international career really began in 1995, when he took part in the World Athletics Championships in Gothenburg, Sweden. Although he didn't win a medal that year, his performances attracted the attention of experts, who saw in him an athlete of immense potential. The following year, at the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games, El Guerrouj caused a sensation by reaching the final of the 1,500-meter race. However, a fall in the final meters of the race prevented him from realizing his medal hopes. This disappointment was a turning point in Hicham El Guerrouj's career. Determined not to let this setback stop him, he doubled his efforts and devoted himself entirely to training with extraordinary rigor and discipline. And so began a series of impressive victories, quickly becoming the undisputed master of the middle distance. From 1997 to 2004, El Guerrouj dominated his discipline and set several world records, including those for the 1,500 meters, the mile and the 2,000 meters, records which still stand to this day.

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*^{Creator : ALESSANDRO BIANCHI | Credit : AFP}*

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A symbol for Morocco and athletics

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Hicham El Guerrouj is much more than an exceptional athlete; he embodies resilience and national pride at a time when Morocco is facing a number of economic and social challenges. In the 1990s and 2000s, Morocco underwent a period of economic transformation. The country was striving to diversify its economy, which for many years had been driven by agriculture, by investing in sectors such as industry, tourism and infrastructure. However, unemployment, particularly among young people, remains high, reaching around 20% in some regions. This has led to a feeling of uncertainty and a search for hope among the population, particularly among young people looking for models of success and perseverance.

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In this context, Hicham El Guerrouj has become an emblematic figure, offering much more than exceptional sporting performance. For many Moroccans, he symbolizes the ability to overcome obstacles through hard work, discipline and determination. By breaking world records and winning gold medals at the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, El Guerrouj showed that success is possible even in a country of limited means. His impact extends far beyond the sporting arena. He embodies the idea that Morocco can shine on the international stage, not only as a nation of talented athletes, but also as a country capable of producing leaders and champions in every field.

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Morocco, the new flagship of athletics

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As we all know, Hicham El Guerrouj has had a profound impact on the development of athletics in Morocco, helping to popularize the sport across the country. Building on his achievements, Morocco has seen a veritable explosion of interest in athletics, with huge numbers of new youngsters aspiring to follow in his footsteps. This momentum has prompted the Moroccan government to invest heavily in sports infrastructure and training programs to meet the growing demand and nurture new talent.

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In terms of infrastructure, Morocco has made great progress in recent years. By 2022, the country will have more than 400 athletics tracks throughout the country, compared with just 150 ten years ago. This development has been supported by the construction of modern stadiums and training centers in the country's main cities, notably Rabat, Casablanca, Marrakech and Agadir. The Prince Moulay Abdellah sports complex in Rabat is one of the best examples of these efforts, offering world-class training and competition facilities. The number of athletes registered with Moroccan athletics clubs has also risen significantly. By 2023, there will be around 20,000 registered athletes, including over 5,000 women, compared with less than 8,000 in 2010. This growth is largely due to local initiatives to promote athletics from an early age, with school programs and regional competitions encouraging youth participation.

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In terms of ambitions, no complexes, Morocco aims to become a world reference in the middle and long distance disciplines, where the country already has a long tradition of success. The government, in partnership with the Fédération Royale Marocaine d'Athlétisme (FRMA), has put in place a 10-year strategic plan to improve the performance of Moroccan athletes on the international stage. This plan includes increasing the budget allocated to athletics, which has doubled over the past five years to 50 million dirhams (around $5 million) per year. It's also thanks to this that athletes such as Soufiane El Bakkali were able to win a gold medal in the 3,000-meter steeplechase at the Olympic Games in Tokyo in 2021 and again in 2024. Inspired by legends such as Hicham El Guerrouj, he has demonstrated Moroccan excellence in athletics.

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Hicham El Guerrouj, though now retired, remains a living legend of athletics and a source of inspiration for Morocco. His legacy goes beyond medals and records; he embodies perseverance, excellence and the desire to overcome challenges. His exemplary career continues to motivate young athletes to pursue their dreams and reach the highest heights.

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Sources :

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https://www.lemonde.fr/sport/article/2006/05/23/le-marocain-hicham-el-guerrouj-roi-du-demi-fond-prend-sa-retraite_774815_3242.html

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https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/2004/08/25/hicham-el-guerrouj-renait-a-athenes_376650_1819218.html

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https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2023/11/22/au-maroc-le-sport-pour-liberer-l-energie-de-la-jeunesse-et-sortir-du-chomage_6201764_3212.html

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hicham_El_Guerrouj

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https://www.ouest-france.fr/jeux-olympiques/jo-2024-athletisme-premiere-medaille-du-maroc-soufiane-el-bakkali-encore-titre-au-3000-m-steeple-59ad3e68-54fd-11ef-a1d5-0ad40f45dcb0

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WOrVlsGQgFo

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The exhibition “Être Méditerranée” meaning “Being Mediterranean” at the MO.CO. in Montpellier, open until ...

The Mediterranean Sea: a crossroads of civilizations and a source of artistic inspiration for MO.CO.

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*Credit : Last room of the “Être Méditerranée” exhibition at MO.CO. / Pauline ROSEN-CROS*

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A celebration of Mediterranean diversity

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The “Être Méditerranée” exhibition stands out for its inclusive and varied approach to Mediterranean culture. Indeed, by showcasing works from different artistic disciplines such as painting, sculpture, photography and installation, the exhibition highlights the diversity and wealth of Mediterranean traditions. As exhibition curator Fabien Noirot explains:

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“the aim is to show a living, dynamic Mediterranean in perpetual transformation, far removed from the stereotypes often propagated.”

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The artists in this exhibition hail from countries such as Italy, Greece, Spain, Turkey, Morocco and Egypt, and are thus the foundation stones of this mosaic. These artists include such iconic names as Etel Adnan, known for his colorful paintings inspired by Mediterranean landscapes, and Yto Barrada, whose works explore the social and economic dynamics of the region. These artists represent the cultural interconnection and exchanges that have shaped the Mediterranean over the centuries. It is through this prism, combined with historical and contemporary ones, that the exhibition invites visitors to try and capture the essence of Mediterranean life. Among the works on display are photographs documenting local rituals and traditions, paintings evoking sun-drenched landscapes and scenes of daily life, and interactive installations inviting visitors to explore different aspects of this rich and complex region.

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Reflecting on our common heritage

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The depth of this exhibition is also expressed through an observation: the Mediterranean Sea is undoubtedly the mother we all share, since it witnessed the birth of the three great monotheistic religions. In the very depths of our modern civilization, we find the influences and marks of these currents.

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The Mediterranean has been the setting for many biblical stories. Its coasts, especially in Israel, are deeply rooted in Jewish history. Cities like Jerusalem and Haifa have been spiritual and cultural centers for Jews for centuries. The Jewish diaspora also spread across the Mediterranean basin, notably to Spain, Italy and North Africa, where Jewish communities flourished and contributed to local culture. This mother was also crucial to Christian history. Much of the life of Jesus Christ takes place around the Sea of Galilee and in the Mediterranean cities of Palestine. After Jesus' death, his disciples traveled throughout the Mediterranean basin to preach the Gospel. Centers such as Rome, Constantinople (now Istanbul), Alexandria and Antioch became pillars of Christianity. The Crusades, though conflictual, also highlighted the interactions between European Christians and Mediterranean societies. Finally, its last child, Islam, spread rapidly across the Mediterranean. Cities such as Cairo, Tunis and Cordoba became major centers of Islamic civilization. Andalusia, with its capital in Cordoba, was an eloquent example of coexistence between Muslims, Christians and Jews, where science, art and philosophy flourished.

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For thousands of years, the Mediterranean and its shores have been a crossroads of civilizations, a space where commercial, cultural and intellectual exchanges have flourished, giving rise to the libraries of Alexandria and Cordoba, the markets of Venice and Beirut, and the academies of Baghdad and Damascus, profoundly forging our common heritage.

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Thus, the aim of this exhibition is to make clear that our common roots run deep, and that it is essential to be aware of them in order to “reflect on our common heritage and envisage collective solutions for future challenges.”

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Sources :

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https://fr.silvanaeditoriale.it/exhibition/1209/etre-mediterranee-moco-exposition

https://www.moco.art/fr/exposition/etre-mediterranee#:~:text=L%27exposition%20%C3%8Atre%20M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e%20nous,pays%20qui%20bordent%20la%20M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e.

https://www.midilibre.fr/2024/06/25/la-mediterranee-sexpose-au-moco-panacee-a-montpellier-12036848.php

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_OZZ6zuXDrg

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_abrahamique

https://www.iemed.org/publication/la-mediterranee-une-mer-de-paradoxes/?lang=fr

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Abdul Kader Chahin, of Palestinian origin and living in Germany, shares the stage with Shahak Shapira, ...

Humor to bond: the triumph of an Israeli-Palestinian duo in Berlin

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*From left to right: Abdul Kader Chahin and Shahak Shapira. Credit: Skorpis Marianne*

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A Unique Initiative

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Berlin is a city renowned for its cultural diversity, artistic dynamism and progressive ideas. However, no one could have imagined that it would host a ground-breaking event that brings together an Israeli and Palestinian comedian on the same stage. The idea of bringing together comedians from two communities often perceived as antagonistic is in itself no more than a reminder that for most of human history, Muslims and Jews have thrived together. In its very construction, this show aims to break down stereotypes and show that humor can be an excellent way of overcoming divisions. In the long term, the event promises to pave the way for greater cultural exchange and mutual understanding between the Israeli and Palestinian peoples.

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Laughing to unite

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The stand-up show takes place in an intimate setting where the audience is made up of a mix of cultures and nationalities. It's the perfect setting for emulation. The comedians tackle a variety of themes, from everyday life to politics and personal experiences. Each performance is imbued with a personal touch, reflecting the difficulties and joys of life in Israel and Palestine. Here's an example in which the actors tell a story about frequent linguistic misunderstandings, while another tackles cultural differences with a lightness that disarms tensions.

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Shahak jokes about the confusion he felt when learning German: 'When I first came here, someone said “Ich hab' dich lieb” and I panicked, thinking I was going to be adopted by a German family!' Abdul, without hesitation, adds: 'It's nothing like that-when I was learning Hebrew, I thought “Shalom” meant both hello and goodbye, so I left every conversation before it even started!'”

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Hope and reconciliation

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This Israeli-Palestinian stand-up is essential proof that art can and must play a crucial role in bringing peace and reconciliation between Jewish and Muslim communities. Nevertheless, humor is a method with a very particular singularity, as it enables delicate subjects to be tackled with humanity and sensitivity. As proof of this, the audience - be they Israeli, Palestinian or of any other nationality - reacts with bursts of laughter and applause, creating a fraternal atmosphere. The audience shows that, despite political conflicts, there is a thirst for shared prosperity. To tackle these nonetheless delicate subjects, you need a thorough understanding of history and the Oriental art of living. In this respect, the two comedians featured in this show are no novices. They know how to make people laugh while tackling the deep and complex subjects of the Middle East region.

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This duo is a perfect example of how humor can overcome barriers and bring people together, regardless of their differences. This show is definitely a model of what cultural collaboration can achieve, as it offers hearts hope for a harmonious future between the Israeli and Palestinian peoples.

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Sources :

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https://www.arte.tv/fr/videos/120828-000-A/berlin-un-stand-up-israelo-palestinien/#

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahak_Shapira

https://www.vocable.fr/reportages-videos-en-v-o/lhumoriste-israelien-shahak-shapira-plaisante-sur-israel-et-la-palestine.html

https://www.berlinerfestspiele.de/en/programm/2024/reflexe-und-reflexionen/kalender/stand-up-comedy

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The United Arab Emirates, through its main scientific arm, the Institute of Technological Innovation (TII), ...

Quantum cybersecurity: the United Arab Emirates leads the revolution in unbreakable communications systems

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Quantum technology: a time-proof network

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Quantum technology promises to revolutionise the field of telecommunications, and the United Arab Emirates has fully understood this and is striving to become a pioneer in this advance. The heart of this technology lies in Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), which is based on the use of qubits, the fundamental units of information in quantum computing. Unlike traditional bits (0 or 1), qubits can exist in several states simultaneously, enabling infinitely more complex and secure forms of calculation and communication. QKD uses the principles of quantum mechanics to generate and distribute cryptographic keys in a totally secure way. However, what makes it particularly effective is the fact that it exploits the phenomenon of quantum entanglement and the law of observation of quantum physics: any attempt to intercept a quantum communication automatically disrupts the system. This makes it possible to immediately detect any illegal eavesdropping, thereby guaranteeing the inviolability of communications. To be even more precise, the qubits, often encoded using photons, are sent over a communication channel, and the shared key is generated on the basis of the quantum state of the photons. So, if a third party tries to capture these qubits, changes in their quantum states will be instantly detected by legitimate users, and the key will be rejected. This process makes any attempt at eavesdropping or hacking virtually impossible, a fundamental difference compared with current cryptographic methods based on mathematical algorithms, which can be decrypted with sufficient computing power.

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What's more, the project underway in the United Arab Emirates does not rely entirely on terrestrial infrastructure. In partnership with the Emirates Space Agency, a key component of the quantum network is the integration of satellites capable of distributing quantum keys over vast distances. This is essential, as the range of optical fibers for QKD is still limited to around 100 km, beyond which repeaters are required. Satellites make it possible to extend this range on a global scale. This means that quantum communications via satellite can overcome geographical limitations and signal loss over long distances. The satellite network will be able to distribute quantum keys to users located in remote areas, ensuring unbreakable security throughout the UAE, and potentially beyond..

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A Strategic Ambition for the UAE

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As you will have realized, the main aim of this project is to develop an ultra-secure quantum communication system promising total protection capable of withstanding the most sophisticated cyber-attacks.

"This technology marks a crucial step in the protection of critical information, and we are delighted at its potential to guarantee unprecedented security" said Ahmed Al Hammadi, Director of Research at the TII. This project aims to meet the growing need for cyber security in an increasingly digital and interconnected world.

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What is particularly interesting is that this quantum infrastructure will not only strengthen the cybersecurity of critical sectors such as finance, defence and strategic infrastructure, but could also play a crucial role for the private sector. The telecommunications market is evolving rapidly, and data security is a growing concern for businesses and governments alike. The project led by the Technology Innovation Institute (TII) in partnership with the UAE Space Agency also aims to address these issues. Many international companies could also benefit from this breakthrough by adopting quantum security solutions. According to the Technology Innovation Institute, ‘the global cybersecurity market is expected to reach $300 billion by 2026’, and quantum communications could be a key lever. Israel, China, the United States and now the United Arab Emirates are leading the race to secure data using quantum physics.

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Moreover, in a complex geopolitical context, mastering quantum communication confers an undeniable strategic advantage on those countries that have it. With its technological and space ambitions, the UAE is seeking to position itself as a driving force in the MENA region. This advance will enable it to strengthen its national security, but also to contribute to the region's technological leadership, by attracting new partnerships and investments in the high-technologies sectors.

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Sources :

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https://fastcompanyme.com/news/tii-and-uae-space-agency-partner-to-establish-quantum-communication-network/

https://www.tii.ae/news/tii-and-uae-space-agency-unveil-pioneering-unhackable-quantum-tech-gitex-2024

https://www.edgemiddleeast.com/ai/abu-dhabis-tii-and-uae-space-agency-partner-for-unhackable-quantum-network

https://www.tii.ae/quantum

https://www.lemonde.fr/sciences/article/2022/05/31/un-saut-dans-la-communication-quantique_6128394_1650684.html

https://www.cea.fr/comprendre/Pages/nouvelles-technologies/essentiel-sur-cryptographie-et-communication-quantiques.aspx

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TThe France Culture Book Club podcast honors the talented Zeruya Shalev. In this interview, the Israeli author ...

Book Club - Israeli intimacies with Zeruya Shalev

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Zeruya Shalev

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Brought up in a world filled with storytelling, Zeruya drew on a family tradition in which reading was not asilent activity. The oral nature of reading is indeed at the heart of her work.

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In this previously unpublished interview, Zeruya Shalev opens up about her childhood memories, in which she recalls being lulled by her father's voice, recounting the epic adventures of the Bible and the Odyssey ... From now on, it is through her own works that the writer extends her father's echoes.

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For Zeruya doesn't write, she tells. In Stupeur, she tells the story of Atara, the young woman trying to piece together the family puzzle. For the first time, it seems that her dying father is confusing her with a mysterious Rachel. But who is this woman ? What influence has she had on this solitary, forbidding father ? At all costs, young Atara sets out to find this enigmatic figure, even if it means crossing the desert.

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In the course of the interview, the author also stresses the importance of the dialogues that punctuate the pages of her novel, revealing a complex web of relationships : men and women, men and men, women and women... In this way, Zeruya wishes to draw the listener's attention to the intergenerational encounter that takes shape over the course of the novel. Enthralled by the lives of her multiple characters, the author does not hesitate to adopt each perspective without judgment, so as to contemplate every facet of existence. For Zeruya Shalev, being an author is like being an actress. It's about taking on a role, lending her pen to each of her characters.

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But despite the liveliness that emanates from the author's style, an intriguing aspect emerges from the discussion of her book. Stupeur presents subtle holes, similar to the notes of Yael Naïm's song "DesTrous” (Holes). Mischievously, Zeruya confides that these "little holes" will remain, offering the reader the freedom to complete the partially revealed answers for themselves.

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Another attempt to establish dialogue ?

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Crédits photo : https://fathomjournal.org/zeruya-shalev-on-pain-and-her-role-as-israels-literary-therapist/

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Sources :

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https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/le-book-club/intimites-israeliennes-avec-zeruya-shalev-4024431

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https://akadem.org/fiche_conferencier.php?id=1581

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http://evene.lefigaro.fr/celebre/biographie/zeruya-shalev-23179.php

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeruya_Shalev

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Israel is a small Mediterranean country of 10 million people, with the Negev desert at its heart. The history of...

From sand to flowers: Israel brings life to the desert

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^{The vineyards of Carmey Avdat Farm, run by Eyal and Hannah Izrael, grow in the Negev desert, where it rains four days a year and the temperature exceeds 30°C half the year. | Carmey Avdat Farm / Nevo Perez}

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The Negev in all its states

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The Negev desert covers 13,000 km², forming a triangle whose southern tip touches the Gulf of Aqaba and the city of Eilat. To the west, it is bordered by the Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip, while to the east it runs along the Arabah Valley, marking the border between Israel and Jordan. The arid climate of the Negev represents a natural barrier to traditional crops. With annual rainfall sometimes below 100 mm and summer temperatures often reaching 45°C, agriculture once seemed impossible in these regions. Yet it is in these extreme conditions that Israel has developed revolutionary agricultural technologies that enable fruit, vegetables and flowers to be grown in the desert.

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Technology for the desert

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In just a few years, the start-up nation has established itself as a pioneer in agricultural technologies, notably through drip irrigation, a method that has revolutionized water management in arid areas. Invented by engineer Simcha Blass in the 1960s, this technique involves applying small quantities of water directly to the roots of plants to avoid losses through evaporation, which are particularly high in the desert. Thanks to this method, Israel has successfully reduced water consumption while increasing agricultural production. As well as reducing water consumption, this method encourages better absorption by plants, thereby increasing production while minimizing the use of fertilizers. The success of drip irrigation has enabled previously infertile land to be converted into productive agricultural areas. Today, around 60% of Israel's fruit and vegetable exports come from the Negev, proof that the challenge has been met. It is important to note that drip irrigation has been largely perfected by Netafim, an Israeli company founded in 1965 on Kibbutz Hatzerim. The company is now a world leader in micro-irrigation, with a market share of over 30%.

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Another key Israeli technology for flourishing the desert is precision farming and the use of intelligent greenhouses. These intelligent greenhouses, also known as automated greenhouses, maximize resource efficiency and respond to climatic challenges by automatically adjusting environmental conditions. Thanks to advanced sensor technology, humidity, light and temperature levels can be monitored in real time, optimizing crop growth while minimizing water and energy consumption. The sophisticated sensors used in these greenhouses continuously measure the condition of crops and soil. For example, AgroWebLab, an Israeli company specializing in precision agriculture, has developed sensors capable of optimizing irrigation and nutrient management. The data collected then enables farmers to better anticipate plant needs, adjust water and nutrient inputs and prevent potential diseases. According to a report by the Volcani Institute, smart greenhouses in Israel are boosting agricultural productivity by more than 15% compared with traditional methods. At the same time, water consumption can be reduced by 25-30%, which is essential in a country where water resources are scarce. To combine this approach with intelligent greenhouses, Israel has developed precision agriculture, which relies on data analysis for the fine-tuned management of plots of land. Companies such as Taranis and Prospera combine satellite data and drones to monitor crops in real time. This technique enables anomalies to be detected, diseases to be prevented and solutions to be found quickly, thereby reducing losses. Prospera, for example, uses artificial intelligence to analyze crop data and provide real-time recommendations to farmers.

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^{Example IoT-based greenhouse monitoring and control system for smart farming}

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A strategic vision to regenerate the Negev

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David Ben Gourion, former Israeli Prime Minister and founding father of the Hebrew State, said: ‘It is our duty to make the desert bloom’.

That says it all. Drip irrigation, intelligent greenhouses and desalination, which we haven't even mentioned, are just some of the many initiatives that form part of a wider project to develop the Negev, a historically marginalized region. This project is a national vision to strengthen the country's food security and attract new populations to southern Israel, where demographic pressure is very strong in the capital. Since 2020, the Israeli government has been launching a series of strategic plans to establish new towns and expand infrastructure in the Negev desert. This includes solar energy projects, high-tech agriculture and housing construction.

Where the desert has been an obstacle for more than one country, Israel, through its ability to innovate and its profound desire to live on holy ground, has succeeded in transforming the desert into a fertile and productive land. This success is not only a technical feat, but also a demonstration that nothing can be achieved without determined minds.

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Sources :

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https://identitejuive.com/faire-fleurir-le-desert-est-un-exploit-quisrael-est-le-seul-a-le-faire-au-moyen-orient/

https://www.serinol.com/actualites/israel-faire-fleurir-le-desert/

https://www.israelscienceinfo.com/agronomie/le-figaro-hatzerim-netafim-israel-le-kibboutz-des-princes-du-goutte-a-goutte/

https://www.heidi.news/explorations/en-israel-dans-les-marmites-du-futur/comment-israel-fait-fleurir-le-desert-du-neguev-avec-sa-technologie

https://fr.timesofisrael.com/le-gouvernement-annonce-ses-plans-pour-7-nouvelles-communautes-juives-dans-le-neguev/

https://israelvalley.com/2022/03/24/ben-gourion-et-son-obsession-de-faire-fleurir-le-desert-la-water-tech/

https://www.lesechos.fr/2017/08/netafim-pionnier-israelien-de-lirrigation-change-de-mains-157909

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9guev

https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1254496/quand-fleurit-le-desert.html

https://dusuniot.com/fr/case-study/iot-greenhouse-monitoring-and-control-system-for-smart-agriculture/

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For decades, scientific research has been a cornerstone of global progress. Major advancements in fields like ...

At the Forefront of Innovation: Emerging Research Hubs in the MENA Region

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The UAE: Leading in Research Excellence

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Over the past few decades, the United Arab Emirates has undergone a dramatic economic transformation, moving from an oil-based economy to a diversified, innovation-driven knowledge economy.
As part of this shift, the UAE has launched numerous initiatives to establish research centers of excellence in key areas such as artificial intelligence, renewable energy, and aerospace. One prime example is the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre for Research and Innovation, which has become a major player in space exploration, with ambitious projects such as Mars exploration. These efforts underscore the UAE's dedication to pushing the boundaries of scientific research and contributing to global advancements in science and technology.

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Morocco: A Knowledge Hub in Africa

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Morocco is positioning itself as a leading research hub in Africa, with the establishment of centers of excellence across diverse sectors such as sustainable agriculture, renewable energy, and public health. The Solar Energy and New Energies Research Centre (CRESEN) in Benguerir has emerged as a beacon of expertise in renewable energy, driving the country's energy transition and that of the broader region. Morocco is also heavily investing in agricultural research programs aimed at promoting food security and rural development. These initiatives not only strengthen Morocco’s role as a knowledge hub in Africa but also open new avenues for sustainable development across the continent.

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Israel: A Global Research Powerhouse

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Israel has long been recognized as a global leader in research and innovation. Despite its relatively small geographic size, the country has produced a remarkable number of scientific and technological breakthroughs with global impact. From early cancer diagnostics developed by Israeli scientists to cutting-edge cybersecurity solutions, Israeli expertise spans multiple sectors. The Cybersecurity Excellence Center in Beer-Sheva, in partnership with Ben-Gurion University, exemplifies how Israel continues to invest in state-of-the-art research infrastructure to foster innovation in strategic fields.

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The rise of research excellence centers in the UAE, Morocco, and Israel signals a new era of innovation and dynamism in global research. These initiatives not only create unprecedented opportunities for scientists and researchers but also stimulate socio-economic development and enhance the global competitiveness of these nations. As these centers of excellence continue to thrive and evolve, they are set to play a pivotal role in addressing global challenges and opening new frontiers for the future of scientific research.

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Sources :

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https://barometre.cnrst.ma/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=123%3Ascimago-2&catid=17%3Aactualites&Itemid=101
https://www.securityworldmarket.com/int/Newsarchive/beer-sheva-israel-to-become-centre-for-cyber-security
‍‍https://www.greenenergypark.ma/#:~:text=Le%20Green%20Energy%20Park%20est,Mohamed%20VI%20Polytechnique%20(UM6P).
‍‍https://www.maroc.ma/fr/actualites

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As Saudi Arabia rapidly transforms under the ambitious Vision 2030, the Quality of Life Program is at the heart...

Saudi Arabia's journey to a better life: Vision 2030 in action

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A city with many tall buildingsDescription automatically generated — Credit : Canva

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Saudi Arabia has made significant strides in improving its quality of life, driven by the ambitious Vision 2030 initiative. The Quality of Life Program (QOL), launched in 2018, stands as a testament to the Kingdom's commitment to enhancing the living standards of its citizens, residents, and visitors alike. This program is transforming Saudi Arabia into a vibrant, globally recognized destination for culture, entertainment, and tourism.

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One of the most visible impacts of the QOL program has been the remarkable improvement in Saudi cities' rankings on the Global Liveability Index. Cities like Riyadh and Jeddah have climbed several spots, reflecting the program's success in enhancing urban infrastructure, healthcare, education, and overall liveability. The program's goal to place three Saudi cities among the top 100 most liveable cities globally by 2030 is well on its way to being achieved.

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The QOL program also focuses on expanding cultural and recreational opportunities. For instance, the Kingdom has seen a surge in sports participation, with investments in various sporting initiatives and infrastructure. Partnerships with global organizations, such as UEFA and Live Nation Entertainment, have brought world-class events and training programs to Saudi Arabia, further enhancing the local sports and entertainment sectors.

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Moreover, the QOL program is committed to preserving and promoting Saudi Arabia's cultural and historical heritage. Initiatives such as the establishment of cultural festivals, museums, and heritage sites aim to reconnect Saudis with their rich history while also introducing it to the world. This cultural renaissance is supported by educational programs that promote traditional arts and crafts, ensuring that these skills are passed down through generations.

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Beyond enhancing urban living and cultural engagement, the Quality of Life Program also emphasizes environmental sustainability and health. Initiatives such as Green Riyadh and the King Salman Park are transforming the urban landscape with expansive green spaces, promoting outdoor activities and healthier lifestyles for all age groups.

By integrating sustainability into urban planning and encouraging community participation in environmental conservation, Saudi Arabia is not only improving its citizens' quality of life but also ensuring a healthier, greener future for generations to come.

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The holistic approach of the QOL program, encompassing urban development, culture, entertainment, and tourism, is reshaping the societal landscape of Saudi Arabia. By fostering innovation, encouraging public participation, and developing necessary infrastructure, the program is paving the way for a brighter, more sustainable future.

The Kingdom's commitment to improving the quality of life is not only transforming its cities but also enhancing the well-being of its people, making Saudi Arabia an increasingly attractive place to live, work, and visit.

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The Quality of Life Program is not just a set of initiatives; it represents a broader vision for the future of Saudi Arabia—one that prioritises the well-being and happiness of its people. As the Kingdom continues to evolve, the program's success will be a crucial barometer of the country's ability to balance rapid modernization with the preservation of its rich cultural heritage and environmental sustainability.

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The strides made so far are impressive, but the true measure of success will be in how these developments translate into lasting improvements in the everyday lives of Saudi citizens and residents. Vision 2030 is ambitious, but with the momentum generated by programs like this, Saudi Arabia is on a promising path toward realising its full potential.

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Sources :

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https://english.aawsat.com/gulf/4396501-ranking-saudi-cities-improves-global-livability-index

https://www.spa.gov.sa/en/N2027066

https://www.vision2030.gov.sa/en/explore/programs/quality-of-life-program

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The stars of this summer's Olympic Games in Paris revived the flame of emulation in the eyes of the athletes and...

2024 Olympic Games : The Middle East on the podium

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As the philosopher Raphaël Enthoven stated in his Olympic greetings, sport is a reminder that the adversary is not the enemy, that it is permissible to challenge one another while respecting one another, and that intense confrontations can take place in a peaceful and civilized manner.

What lessons have been drawn from this 2024 edition for the Middle East ? Firstly, the dazzling performances of regional athletes : 12 medals for Iran, 7 for Israel, closely followed by Bahrain with 4 medals, then Morocco, Egypt and Tunisia. The women's delegations from North Africa and the Persian Gulf were also well represented. Between the euphoria and the twists and turns, progress and hope were on the agenda.

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Olympic Highlights : From Algeria to Afghanistan, Women Athletes Pile Up Medals

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Like legendary warriors enthroned on Mount Olympus, Eastern Artemis and Athena made their names resound in the stands of fiery stadiums. Whether in athletics, weightlifting, boxing or artistic gymnastics, they proved that the female body could adapt to any discipline. Demonstrating Herculean strength, Sara Ahmed took the silver medal in weightlifting. Mobilizing all her energy, the Egyptian champion lifted an impressive bar of 268 kilos, beating her previous record of 255 kilos, set at the 2016 Rio Olympics.

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Bahrain also performed well. With four medals, two of them in gold, the Gulf kingdom had its marathon runners triumph on the steeplechase track. Winfred Mutile Yavi, a 24-year-old Bahraini runner, won the sixth Olympic medal in Bahrain's history. Her unexpected sprint in the final seconds of the competition gave her the fourth-best performance in the history of the 3,000-meter steeplechase, with a time of eight minutes and fifty-two seconds. Her team-mate, Salwa Eid Naser, took silver in the 400-meter event. Overflowing with joy and ambition, the two champions were received with great pomp at the palace of King Hamad Ben Issa to present their medals. “This is a dream come true,” exclaimed Winfred Yavi. “This victory means a lot to me and to the country.”

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Another participant who dazzled the audience was the iconic Kaylia Nemour, who, at just seventeen years of age, gave Algeria the gold medal in artistic gymnastics on the uneven bars. The Franco-Algerian gymnast, who had previously competed for France, this time paid tribute to her other country in masterly fashion. Executing her movements with power and assurance, she seemed in perfect harmony with the rhythm of her choreography. The emotional moment when, with tears in her eyes, she discovered her final ranking will remain etched in our memories. At her side, boxer Imane Khelif also brought home a gold medal for Algeria.

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In addition to the achievements of the sportswomen mentioned above, the courage of behind-the-scenes heroines such as Nigara Shaheen must also be recognized. Unable to compete under the flag of her native country, this Afghan judoka didn't let the Taliban regime put an end to her dreams. With her indomitable hair and infectious smile, Nigara Shaheen is an influential figure. Her twelve thousand followers on Instagram regularly follow her inspiring posts. In an interview, she shared her Olympic experience: “My journey must give hope to all Afghan girls”.

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This message echoes the hashtag #LetUsExist launched by Afghan taekwondist Marzieh Hamidi, as part of the fight against the gender apartheid that weighs on Kabul. “I invite you all to support Afghan women and help them fight the gender apartheid they endure,” wrote Hamidi on X. Let's hope that, somewhere in the country, these women's voices will be heard and relayed by next generation's sportswomen.

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From Pain to Triumph : When Sports Become an Expression of Resilience

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This spirit of hope is also spreading among the refugees attending the competition. Iranian taekwondo player Hadi Tiranvalipour describes himself and his Olympic family as “those who never give up”. This adage resonates even in the hearts of the Israeli delegation. The Hebrew state, still reeling from the painful month of October 2023, managed to overcome its grief and excelled in a wide range of disciplines: judo, artistic gymnastics, windsurfing...

The seven medals won at this year's event represent Israel's best-ever Olympic performance. Among the winners, the name of Tom Reuveny stands out. He took first place in the windsurfing rankings. Off Marseille, the sailor raised the blue and white colors of his country, recalling in some respects the perilous historical episode of the Exodus.

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Back in 1947, this old Panamanian ship, which set sail from the port of Sète with almost five thousand Central European survivors on board, had struggled to make its way to the Holy Land to build a new life. This gold medal won at sea also symbolizes the resilience of a state still haunted by the memory of the eleven members of its delegation, kidnapped and then murdered by the terrorist group Black September during the Munich Olympic Games in 1972.

This year, the Israeli delegation wore a beaming smile throughout the competition, leaving overwhelmed by the achievements of its athletes and the warm atmosphere that enveloped this eagerly-awaited sporting event.

Ready, set, win. But the real victory that everyone is striving for is not made of lead or steel. It embodies the fulfillment of a “Ping-Pong diplomacy”, in other words, harmonious and constructive cooperation between countries from the same continent.

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Sources :

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Franc-Tireur n°144

https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1423033/athletisme-la-bahreinie-yavi-championne-olympique-du-3000-m-steeple-record-deurope-pour-finot-4e.html

https://www.france.tv/sport/les-jeux-olympiques/6360587-gymnastique-artistique-f-barres-asymetriques-le-sacre-olympique-de-la-jeune-algerienne-kaylia-nemour.html#at_medium=4&at_platform=2&at_variant=2&at_campaign=mea_resumejo2024

https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2024/08/05/jo-2024-la-medaille-d-or-de-kaylia-nemour-revanche-de-l-algerie-sur-fond-de-crise-diplomatique-avec-la-france_6268651_3212.html

https://fr.timesofisrael.com/israel-remporte-7-medailles-la-meilleure-performance-olympique-de-son-histoire/

https://www.herodote.net/10_juillet_1947-evenement-19470710.php

https://www.france24.com/fr/sports/20240502-jo-2024-l-équipe-olympique-des-réfugiés-sera-composée-de-36-athlètes

https://www.moretoherstory.org/reporting/afghan-athlete-marzieh-hamidi-launches-letuslive-hashtag

https://www.france24.com/fr/sports/20240502-équipe-des-réfugiés-iran-en-2014-le-lutteur-jamal-valizadeh-va-vivre-son-rêve-olympique

https://www.lhistoire.fr/les-premiers-jeux-olympiques

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For centuries, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has been the cradle of many scientific and ...

Leading scientists in the MENA region

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Yearly 0

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Philo of Alexandria (20 BC - 50 AD)

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Philo of Alexandria, a renowned Jewish scholar, lived at a time when the heritage of Hellenistic culture was merging with Jewish traditions. Philo is renowned for his contributions to philosophy and theology. He developed a sophisticated approach to the allegorical interpretation of sacred texts, seeking to reconcile Greek thought with Jewish tradition. His work had a significant influence on later Jewish thinkers, as well as early Christian theologians.

Al Khawarizmi (780-850)

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Al Khawarizmi, also known as Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, was a Persian mathematician and astronomer whose work was essential to the development of algebra and arithmetic. Born around 780 in the Khwarezm region (now Uzbekistan), Al-Khwarizmi served at the caliphal court in Baghdad, where he made a substantial contribution to the scientific advancements of the era. His work “Al-Kitab al-Mukhtasar fi Hisab al-Jabr wal-Muqabala” (The Compendium on Calculation by Completion and Equilibrium) was translated into Latin, introducing algebraic concepts to Western Europe.

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Ptolemy (circa 100 - 170)

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Claudius Ptolemy, also known as Ptolemy of Alexandria, was a Greco-Egyptian scholar of Roman Egypt. His major work, the Almagest, was a fundamental reference in astronomy for over a millennium. Ptolemy developed a geocentric model of the universe, in which the Earth is located at the center, with the other celestial bodies orbiting around it. Although this model was later challenged by the discoveries of the Renaissance, it was of vital importance to the development of medieval astronomy and cartography.

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Around 1000

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Moses Maimonides (1135 - 1204)

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Moses Maimonides, also known as Rambam, was a Sephardic Jewish scholar, physician and philosopher, born in Muslim Spain and later living in Egypt. He is best known for his major work, the Guide to the Lost, in which he seeks to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy with Jewish theology. In addition to his contributions to philosophical thought, Maimonides also made significant advances in the field of medicine, influencing medical practice in Europe for centuries.

Avicenna (980 - 1037)

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Abu Ali al-Husayn ibn Abd Allah ibn Sina, better known by his Latinized name of Avicenna, was a Persian polymath whose work had a major influence on philosophy, medicine, physics, astronomy, theology, logic and mathematics. His most famous work, “The Canon of Medicine”, remained a medical reference text in Europe and the Islamic world for several centuries. Avicenna also made important contributions to philosophy, particularly in the fields of metaphysics and logic.

Gerbert d'Aurillac (938 - 1003)

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Gerbert d'Aurillac, also known as Pope Sylvester II, was a Christian scholar who played a crucial role in the transmission of scientific and philosophical knowledge from Antiquity to medieval Europe. He introduced Arabic numerals and the decimal system to Western Europe, facilitating advanced mathematical calculations. Gerbert was also a fervent promoter of astronomy, introducing astrolabes to Europe and helping to spread the astronomical knowledge inherited from Muslim scholars.

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Towards 2000

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Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955)

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Albert Einstein, born in Germany, was a world-renowned theoretical physicist whose work revolutionized our understanding of the universe. His most famous work, The Theory of Special Relativity and the Theory of General Relativity, transformed our vision of space, time and gravity. Einstein also made important contributions to quantum physics, notably through his work on the photoelectric effect, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.

Ahmed Zewail (1946 - 2016)

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Ahmed Zewail, an Egyptian-American chemist born in Egypt, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1999 for his pioneering work in ultrafast spectroscopy, a technique that enables the visualization of atomic and molecular movements on the femtosecond scale.

This revolutionary technology has opened up new perspectives in many fields, including chemistry, biology and materials physics. In addition to his scientific achievements, Zewail was an ardent advocate of science education and international cooperation in research.

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Georges Charpak (1924 - 2010)

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Georges Charpak, born in Poland and naturalized in France, was a renowned physicist recognized for his invention of the multiwire proportional chamber, a significant advancement in the detection of subatomic particles.

For this remarkable contribution, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1992. The multiwire proportional chamber revolutionized the way physicists study high-energy particle interactions, paving the way for new discoveries in particle physics.

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Interreligious and intercultural heritage

Through these examples, it is clear that the MENA region's scientific heritage is deeply rooted in religious and cultural diversity. The contributions of Jewish, Muslim and Christian scholars have enriched human knowledge and transcended geographical and religious boundaries. Their legacy continues to inspire future generations to pursue the quest for knowledge and discovery, promoting mutual understanding and collaboration across religious and cultural divides.

As we celebrate these great minds and their lasting impact, it is essential to recognize the importance of tolerance, dialogue and mutual respect in promoting science and innovation. By honoring and preserving this interfaith and intercultural heritage, we will foster a future where knowledge and collaboration overcome the divisions that have historically characterized our world.

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Sources :

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https://www.cairn.info/le-judaisme-ancien-du-VIe-siecle-avant-notre-ere--9782130563969-page 119.htm
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https://www.futura-sciences.com/sciences/personnalites/algebre-al-khwarizmi-1811/
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‍https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/personnage/Claude_Ptol%C3%A9m%C3%A9e/139769
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https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1921/einstein/biographical/
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‍https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aai8466

https://www.futura-sciences.com/sciences/personnalites/physique-georges-charpak-1346/
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https://www.lesclesdumoyenorient.com/Moise-Maimonide.html

https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/personnage/Avicenne/106902

https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/gerbert-d-sylvestre-ii/

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For centuries, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has been the cradle of many scientific and ...

Israel in space: a pillar of space exploration in the MENA region

The origins of the space race

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Space exploration is not a new concept. For centuries, dreams of reaching the stars have inspired writers such as Jules Verne with his visionary works “From the Earth to the Moon”. However, it was only in the 20th century that technological advances finally made it possible to turn these dreams into reality. The Second World War was a catalyst in this respect, with the technological advances made by Nazi Germany in the field of ballistic missiles.

The end of the Second World War saw the emergence of a new era of rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union, known as the Cold War. As these two superpowers competed for world leadership, space became the new horizon to conquer. The Soviet Union's launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, into orbit in 1957 marked the beginning of this competition. This feat drew worldwide admiration for Soviet technology, while highlighting the United States' backwardness in space.

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The American epic journey to the moon

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Faced with the challenge posed by the Soviet Union, the United States stepped up its efforts in the space field. President John F. Kennedy set an audacious goal in 1961: to send a man to the Moon before the end of the decade. Thus, the Apollo program was born, symbolizing America's determination to meet this challenge. After years of effort, on July 21, 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first man to set foot on the lunar surface, marking a historic moment in human space exploration.

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The Soviet Union: space pioneers

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Despite the success of the Apollo mission, the Soviet Union also marked the history of space exploration with a series of impressive achievements. From Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space, to Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman, the Soviet Union demonstrated its ability to push back the frontiers of space exploration. Soviet achievements also served as a catalyst for accelerating American efforts in space exploration.

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Israel's contribution to space exploration

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In the competitive race to the stars, Israel has established its presence through notable contributions to space exploration.

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Ilan Ramon, born on June 20, 1954 in Tel Aviv, became a pioneer of Israeli space conquest as the country's first astronaut to take part in a mission aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia. Prior to his journey into space, Ramon led an impressive career in the Israeli Air Force, accumulating many flying hours and taking part in notable military operations, including the attack on Iraq's Osirak nuclear reactor in 1981.

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After being approached by NASA, Ramon joined the agency in 1997 as a payload specialist. His dream of becoming an astronaut came true on January 16, 2003, when he became the first Israeli astronaut to leave Earth aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia. However, mission STS 107 took a tragic turn when the shuttle exploded minutes before landing on February 1, 2003, resulting in the loss of the entire crew, including Ramon.

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Despite this tragedy, Ilan Ramon's legacy lives on, symbolized by the pages of his logbook miraculously recovered and displayed in Jerusalem, as well as the personal mementos he took into space, such as poems by his wife, letters from loved ones and a miniature Torah scroll. Ramon, considered a national hero, embodied the hope and resilience of the Israeli people, while carrying with him the memory of Holocaust survivors, including his mother and grandmother, through symbolic objects such as the drawing of Peter Ginz, a child killed in Auschwitz.

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Sources :

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https://guideisrael.fr/ilan-ramon

https://www.editions-ellipses.fr/PDF/9782340039186_extrait.pdf

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In just a few years, the United Arab Emirates has positioned itself as one of the most attractive countries for ...

United Arab Emirates: the new Eldorado for millionaires?

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An unprecedented flow of millionaires

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According to Henley & Partners (an international consultancy specializing in residency and citizenship by investment) and its "Private Wealth Management" report on millionaire migration trends in 2024, the UAE is set to attract 6,700 new millionaires this year. This affluence is mainly due to the absence of income tax, combined with initiatives such as the golden visa program, which offers considerable advantages to foreign investors.
The famous city of Dubai, for example, has seen its millionaire population increase by 78% over the past decade.

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By comparison, the USA and Singapore, respectively second and third in Henley's rankings, are expected to attract significantly fewer millionaires this year, with net inflows of 3,800 and 3,500 millionaires.

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Other countries, such as China, are experiencing millionaire exoduses and are expected to lose 15,200 millionaires, mainly due to a desire to seek better infrastructure and opportunities. The UK, meanwhile, could see an exodus of 9,500 millionaires this year, a figure compounded by post-Brexit uncertainty and changes in the non-dom tax regime.

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As we've seen, the migration of millionaires is constant, and they're heading for Dubai in massive numbers.
So, to better understand the consequences of these arrivals, it's legitimate to ask about the economic and social impact caused by these flows.

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Millionaires at the service of a booming society

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The arrival of these millionaires in the United Arab Emirates has major repercussions for the country's economy. On the economic front, for example, GDP growth will be sustained by a 44% increase in real estate transactions in 2023. Meanwhile, in the same year, foreign direct investment (FDI) reached $16 billion, an increase of 7.4% on the previous year. And the benefits don't stop there : the luxury goods, finance and technology sectors have particularly benefited from this influx. For example, sales of luxury goods rose by 20% in 2023 and the financial industry created over 10,000 new jobs. On a societal level, the influx of millionaires has contributed to Dubai's cultural diversity, with over 70 nationalities now represented among the new wealthy residents. Another example, this time in the field of education and health, is the allocation of an additional $2 billion to improve public schools and hospitals through increased tax revenues in 2023.

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The role of the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) in attracting millionaires

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DIFC plays a central role in making the United Arab Emirates attractive to investors. As the leading special economic zone dedicated to financial services in the Middle East, the DIFC offers a regulatory and governance environment in line with international standards. With over 2,500 registered companies and a dynamic ecosystem for banks, insurance companies and asset managers, the DIFC is a key platform for regional and global expansion. For example, it has an independent legal framework based on English common law, providing companies and investors with a high level of transparency and legal certainty. It also offers tax exemptions on corporate and personal income for a period of 50 years, making investment in the center extremely attractive for millionaires looking to maximize their income.

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As a result, the United Arab Emirates, and more specifically Dubai, is becoming the new center of gravity for millionaires investing on a massive scale to transform the UAE economy.

‍Sources :

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https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/uae/dubai-and-the-uae-a-global-wealth-nexus/articleshow/105355854.cms

https://www.cnbc.com/2024/06/19/the-uae-is-set-to-be-the-no-1-wealth-magnet-in-the-world-henley-research.html

https://www.euronews.com/business/2024/06/20/uk-set-to-lose-thousands-of-millionaires-as-rich-vote-with-their-feet-and-move-overseas

‍https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/2022/06/17/ou-vont-les-migrants-millionnaires/

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For decades, the world of Arabic music has been enriched by iconic voices that transcend borders and generations.

Arabic music divas : a timeless legacy

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In the mid-20th century, Arab music experienced what is often described as its golden age. It was a period of cultural prosperity that saw the emergence of visionary artists who captivated audiences with their extraordinary musical talents.

Among them, Oum Kalthoum stands out as one of the most powerful and influential voices of the era, her ability to convey deep emotions through her songs making her a true legend.

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Oum Kalthoum : the immortal

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No list of Arab divas is reliable without mentioning the legendary Oum Kalthoum. Hailing from Egypt, her powerful voice and masterful interpretation have captivated audiences for decades. Oum Kalthoum transcended national boundaries to become a global icon of Arabic music, drawing huge crowds to her live performances.

She was a major political and feminist figure, making the place of women in Egyptian society one of her main concerns. Her ability to convey complex emotions through her music was unparalleled.

Epic songs such as "Enta Omri" and "Al Atlal" have remained etched in our memories, evoking love, loss and nostalgia in a deeply poetic way.Even decades after her death in 1975, Oum Kalthoum remains a source of inspiration for singers around the world.

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Warda : the Algerian rose

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Born in France to Algerian parents, Warda has conquered the hearts of the Arab world with her
with her melodious voice. Known as "La Rose Algérienne", she has brought a touch of elegance and grace to the Algerian music scene.

Her prolific career has spanned several decades, and her iconic songs such as "Batwanes Beek" and
"Harramt Ahibbak" continue to inspire future generations.
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In addition to her extraordinary vocal talent, Warda was also a style icon, who captivated audiences with her stage presence and natural charm. Her legacy lives on through her timeless music and lasting influence on Arab musical culture.

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Fayrouz: The Star of Lebanon

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Fayrouz, also known as "Najat Al Huda" (Star of Guidance), is a living legend in Lebanese music.
Lebanese music legend. Her crystal clear voice and diverse repertoire have made her an emblematic figure on the Arab music scene since the 1950s.

With songs such as 'Kifak Inta' and 'Bhebbak Ya Lebnan', she embodied the spirit and soul of Lebanon, capturing the hopes and dreams of an entire people.

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Beyond her musical career, Fayrouz was also a voice of unity and resilience during tumultuous times in Lebanese history. Her commitment to her country and her music has earned Fayrouz a special place in the hearts of fans around the world. "These poetic lyrics explore the great themes of love, separation, attachment to the land and freedom in a happy homeland.

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Asmahan : The Syrian Mystic

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Born in Syria, Asmahan has captivated audiences with her haunting voice and mystical aura. Her
Her unique style, blending elements of traditional Arabic music with Western influences, has created an innovative sound that has captured the imagination of many listeners.

Songs such as 'Ya Habibi Ta'ala' and 'Layali El Ouns Fi Vienna' still resonate today with their timeless charm.
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Despite her tragically short life, Asmahan has left an indelible legacy in the world of Arabic music. Her precocious talent and fascinating personality continue to inspire music lovers around the world.

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Dalida : a multifaceted icon

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Dalida was born in Egypt and is of Italian descent. However, she deserves a place among the divas of Arab music because of her significant impact on the Middle Eastern music scene.

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With hits such as 'Helwa Ya Baladi' and 'Salma Ya Salama', she has captured the hearts of millions of Arab fans around the world.

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Her ability to sing in several languages, including Arabic, has helped broaden her international appeal. Dalida was able to fuse different musical styles to create a unique sound that transcended cultural boundaries.

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Together, these divas of Arabic music form an unforgettable legacy, symbolising the power of music to unite people and transcend differences. Their influence continues to inspire future generations to experience the richness of Arab culture through music.

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https://www.rtbf.be/article/les-divas-du-monde-arabe-doum-kalthoum-a-dalida-10782956

https://leclaireur.fnac.com/article/275689-la-folle-histoire-doum-kalthoum-la-diva-du-
monde-arabe/

https://afriquemagazine.com/oum-kalthoumjamais-la-diva
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https://divas-arabes.imarabe.org/les-voix-d-or/warda/un-style-sans-cesse-renouvele

https://divas-arabes.imarabe.org/les-voix-d-or/fayrouz/fairouz-une-voix-angelique-surgie-du-paradis-perdu

https://divas-arabes.imarabe.org/les-voix-d-or/asmahan/l-enfant-prodige-de-la-musique-arabe

https://divas-arabes.imarabe.org/actrices-et-chanteuses/les-divas-sur-grand-ecran/dalida-la-bambina-du-caire

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Fasting has long been a fundamental spiritual practice across numerous global religions ...

Fasting practices across religions: tradition and spirituality

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In Islam, fasting is one of the five pillars of the Muslim faith, observed during the month of Ramadan. Muslims refrain from eating, drinking, smoking, and sexual relations from sunrise to sunset. Ramadan is a time for piety, reflection, and spiritual closeness to God, with fasting complemented by prayers and acts of charity toward those in need.

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In Christianity, fasting is grounded in biblical traditions, with prominent figures such as King David and the prophet Daniel practicing it. Jesus himself fasted for 40 days before beginning his ministry, and taught his disciples the importance of combining fasting and prayer in their spiritual lives. Today, Catholics fast on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday, as an expression of repentance and preparation for the celebration of Easter.

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In Judaism, fasting has an expiatory and commemorative character, recalling the times when the Jewish people turned away from God. Collective fasts such as Yom Kippur, the holiest day of the Jewish year, are observed to atone for sins and renew the covenant with God.

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The call of hunger: a path to spiritual elevation

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Fasting holds a significant role in various spiritual traditions. It represents much more than a simple abstention from food. It is an inner journey, an exploration of the self and a communion with the divine. In each tradition, fasting is imbued with profound meanings and takes on different forms, but its ultimate goal remains the search for the spiritual essence of the human being.

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With this perspective, those who fast view the practice as a way to disconnect from material distractions and strengthen their connection with the divine. Fasting becomes an act of devotion, a demonstration of faith, and a means to foster greater spiritual awareness.

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Over the centuries, those who practice fasting have adopted it as a discipline for purification, transformation, and strengthening their connection with the divine. Whether observed during Lent, Ramadan, Yom Kippur, or in other traditions, this voluntary abstention serves as a test of faith, a time for profound reflection, and an opportunity to detach from material indulgences in order to foster a deeper connection with the spiritual core of life.

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Fasting is often associated with rituals of physical and spiritual purification, symbolizing renewal and regeneration. For many believers, this period of deprivation is also an opportunity to refocus on their spiritual values, strengthen their determination and discipline, and cultivate a state of gratitude and inner contentment.

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Fasting as a bridge between the physical and the spiritual

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Although fasting is often perceived as an ascetic practice, reserved for devout believers, it also offers tangible physical benefits. Modern scientific studies have highlighted the positive effects of fasting on health, from cell regeneration to reduced inflammation.

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Fasting can therefore be considered a form of holistic medicine, stimulating healing and well-being on a physical, mental and spiritual level. By depriving themselves of food, Fasting practitioners often experience increased mental clarity, a feeling of physical lightness and a deeper spiritual connection, helping them to transcend the boundaries between the physical and the spiritual, offering both bodily benefits and soul upliftment.

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Fasting as a gateway to universal unity

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Despite doctrinal and cultural differences, fasting unites believers around the world in a common experience of devotion, discipline and spiritual quest. It is a powerful reminder of our shared humanity and our universal quest for meaning and transcendence. Through the practice of fasting, individuals rise above religious and cultural differences, fostering a connection to deeper truths and a sense of universal unity.

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Across the diverse fasting practices within major religious traditions, we recognize a shared pursuit of spiritual growth, purification, and connection with the divine. Fasting continues to serve as a profound symbol of unity.

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Sources :

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https://www.sciencesetavenir.fr/nutrition/d-ou-vient-la-tradition-du-jeune-dans-les religions_29178

https://www.lepelerin.com/religions-et-spiritualites/culture-interreligieuse/quel-sens donne-au-jeune-dans-les-differentes-religions-6387

https://www.geo.fr/histoire/judaisme-christianisme-islam-pourquoi-jeune-t-on-213958
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https://www.atalayar.com/fr/articulo/societe/du-jeune-dans-trois-religions-monotheistes/20210430130652151013.html

https://jeune-et-sens.fr/le-jeune-les-religions/

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The Y-combinator-backed startup Lezzoo has succeeded in playing an important role in Iraq's digital transformation.

Lezzoo: The startup that pioneered Iraq’s digital transformation

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A person holding a red box with a person wearing a maskDescription automatically generated

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Lezzoo's journey began with a simple yet powerful vision: to bring convenience to the fingertips of Iraqis. Yadgar Merani, a visionary with a deep understanding of the local market's needs and challenges, sought to address the gaps in accessibility to essential goods and services. Leveraging the growing penetration of smart devices, Lezzoo set out to create a seamless digital platform that could cater to a wide array of demands, from food delivery to grocery shopping and beyond.

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The platform and services

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Lezzoo's platform is a comprehensive on-demand delivery service that connects users with a network of local businesses. Lezzoo has a unique value proposition both for the business it is working with, and its end customers.

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The app provide a platform for restaurant deliveries, purchase groceries, repair services, pharmaceuticals and solutions for e-commerce websites. By integrating multiple services into one platform, Lezzoo has become a one-stop-shop for urban convenience.

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Overcoming challenges

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Operating in Iraq and Kurdistan presents unique challenges, from logistical hurdles to economic and political instability. The startup has invested heavily in building a robust delivery infrastructure, including a fleet of delivery vehicles and a network of trained delivery personnel. Additionally, Lezzoo has established partnerships with local businesses to ensure a steady supply of goods and services.

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One of the most significant challenges has been building trust in a market where digital transactions are still relatively new. Lezzoo has addressed this by implementing secure payment gateways and ensuring that customer service is a top priority.

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Impact on the local economy

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Lezzoo's impact extends beyond just convenience for consumers. The startup has created numerous job opportunities, from delivery drivers to support staff, contributing to the local economy. By partnering with local businesses, Lezzoo also supports small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), providing them with a digital platform to reach a broader audience and exposure.

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Its success story is a testament to the potential of Iraqi startups to drive digital transformation and economic growth. By addressing local needs with innovative solutions, Lezzoo has set a benchmark for other entrepreneurs in the region.

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As the startup ecosystem in Iraq continues to evolve, Lezzoo is poised to remain at the forefront, leading the way towards a more connected and convenient future for all Iraqis.

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The Iraqi startup ecosystem is still burgeoning, driven by young and ambitious entrepreneurs. Other key sectors include fintech, e-commerce, health-tech, and edtech. Local incubators and accelerators like ‘The Station’, KAPITA and Iraq Tech Ventures provide vital support.

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Despite challenges such as political instability, limited funding, and infrastructural issues, the ecosystem shows promise with rising international investments, innovative solutions, and a growing number of initiatives by the Iraqi government to promote entrepreneurship and tech startups

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Sources :

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https://kurdistanchronicle.com/babat/2605

https://www.ycombinator.com/companies/lezzoo

https://www.iraq-businessnews.com/2024/06/25/iraqi-govt-to-launch-tech-incubators-in-universities/

https://lezzoo.com

https://kapita.iq/content/issue/mapping-iraqi-entrepreneurial-ecosystem

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In the absence of rainfall, the most vulnerable communities to aridity and global warming are turning to artificial

Rain at all costs : Rain-seeding in the Middle East

Re-greening deserts through technology : this is the aim of the many cloud seeding programs that are being developed in the Middle East.

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Over the past decade, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has identified more than eighty cloud seeding projects around the world, notably in Asia, Africa and now in the Fertile Crescent.

Preserving this fertile status is indeed a major concern. While agriculture alone accounts for 80% of water consumption in the MENA region, according to the World Bank, water is running out.

In Saudi Arabia, long-term rainfall is less than one hundred millimetres, one of the lowest rates in the world. In the United Arab Emirates, the thermometer regularly registers the scorching heat of 113°F, justifying the inhabitants' unquenchable thirst.

The average Emirati consumes around 500 liters of water a day, three time more than the global average.

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A scientific miracle : the invention of artificial rain and its entry into the MENA region

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In the beginning was the war. The first instances of artificial rain were to be found in the military context of the Vietnam War, during Operation Popeye in 1962.

The United States was at the origin of this breakthrough, and later began reinvesting in this method for agricultural purposes: irrigating Western lands in California and Nevada. From the 1960s onwards, Israel in turn ventured into this Promethean enterprise. Like its near and far neighbors in the MENA GCC region, the Hebrew state is prone to drought.

After initial trials in northern Israel, new experiments were carried out in the Arabah desert, stretching from the Gulf of Aqaba to the southern Jordanian border. Although time-limited, the cloud-seeding missions have made a significant contribution to transforming this arid area into a climatic wonderland. Despite the scorching heat, agriculture is now flourishing in the Arabah. According to Noa Zer, Director of Resource Development for the Central Arabah Regional Council, more than 50% of the country's fresh produce is grown here.

Far from having its head in the clouds, Saudi Arabia has also embraced artificial rainfall. Saudi Arabia's significant agricultural export potential is worth noting. With 427,492 acres of arable land - by contrast with France's 66,718 acres - the Saudi Kingdom is well positioned to invest more in the rural sector. After the failure of a food self-sufficiency plan due to a lack of water resources, the government decided to launch a rain-fed seeding program.

At present, the process has been initiated on the outskirts of Riyadh as well as over the rocky Nejd highland, which national aircraft fly over to release silver iodide.

Dr Ayman Bin Ghulam, President of the National Meteorological Center, was keen to point out that the program should continue over the next five years and increase rainfall by up to 20%. Portrayed as a viable and environmentally-friendly option, artificial precipitation seems to align well with the precepts of Prince MBS's Vision 2030, in that it contributes to intensifying Saudi Arabia's vegetation cover as well as securing new streams of water.

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“Whoever sows the rain, reaps the whirlwind”: is rain seeding risky ?

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Could climate change be the answer to scientific hubris?

On April 17, Dubai airport was flooded. In just twenty-four hours, the desert country was engulfed by more than one hundred and twenty millimetres of water, the equivalent of two years' rain.

Qatar, Bahrain and the Principality of Oman were also hit by the deluge, with a total of twenty deaths. While inquisitive glances are turned towards the engineers behind the seeding programs, this may not be the case.

A survey by the Anelfa center tends to prove that silver iodide, the fundamental agent in rain seeding, is not harmful to the environment, given the small proportions used. What's more, rain seeding is based on the principle of early, controlled targeting, thus excluding cumulonimbus clouds, which are the most likely to trigger bad weather.

The cataclysm observed in the Gulf is therefore more likely to be the result of the chronic inversion of Pacific winds due to the El Niño phenomenon. Having already hit South Africa, the Sahel and Amazonia in 2023, El Niño continues to expand, redistributing rainfall over new areas as it sees fit.

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Combining technology and spirituality : rain and religious traditions

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Beyond economic considerations and climatic concerns, artificial rain also has a spiritual dimension, responding precisely to a biannual prayer.

In Judaism, the festival of Chemini Atseret, celebrated in the heart of autumn, marks the beginning of the raining season. Also formulated as a daily blessing throughout the winter, Chemini Atseret is intended to express gratitude to the heavens for the abundance of water, while praying that the wind will continue to blow and that rain will continue to fall on the harvests.

The call for rain is also to be found in Christianity. Sabine, a Christian martyr from the 2nd century, is a saint to whom we can turn to invoke rain in times of drought.

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A precious resource in every respect, rain is preserved and voluntarily triggered when necessary. And if it seems incongruous, even amusing, that in 2018, Iran should accuse the Emirates and Israel of “stealing its clouds”, alluding precisely to the artificial seeding operations, the scarcity of water resources and the creative spirit of 21st-century engineers reveal a new era in which the boundaries between nature and technology are becoming blurred.

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Sources :

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https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/apres-les-inondations-a-dubai-les-pluies-artificielles-accusees-a-tort-20240418_ADPQIVFSUJE6DEMFU6IAZIP4LE/#:~:text=Cette%20technologie%20consiste%20à%20injecter,ou%20des%20générateurs%20au%20sol.

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https://www.francetvinfo.fr/replay-radio/le-monde-est-a-nous/face-aux-fortes-chaleurs-dubai-fait-tomber-de-la-fausse-pluie_4695459.html

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https://www.europe1.fr/sciences/secheresse-la-pluie-artificielle-est-elle-une-solution-realiste-et-viable-4189339

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https://embassies.gov.il/Bruxelles/AboutIsrael/LePays/Pages/LE%20PAYS-%20Geographie%20et%20Climat.aspx

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https://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2010/11/04/en-israel-les-mirages-des-faiseurs-de-pluie-s-evaporent_1435388_3244.html

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https://reporterre.net/Quand-les-Etats-veulent-controler-la-pluie

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https://www.rfi.fr/fr/moyen-orient/20240417-deux-ans-de-pluie-en-24-heures-dubaï-paralysé-par-des-précipitations-record

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https://www.linfodurable.fr/climat/tout-comprendre-au-phenomene-meteorologique-el-nino-44172#:~:text=Tous%20les%20deux%20à%20sept,plus%20froide%20à%20l'Ouest.

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https://fr.timesofisrael.com/des-pluies-continues-ces-deux-dernieres-semaines-du-jamais-vu-en-israel-en-30-ans/

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https://agriculture.gouv.fr/arabie-saoudite

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https://www.arabiaweather.com/fr/content/l39arabie-saoudite-prend-des-mesures-rgulires-dans-le-programme-d39ensemencement-artificiel

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‍https://photo.geo.fr/israel-agriculture-dans-le-desert-de-l-arava-40779#agriculture-sous-serre-dans-le-moshav-ein-yahav-en-israel-64d0a

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https://infos-israel.news/israel-cultive-plus-de-50-de-ses-legumes-dans-le-desert-darava/

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Picture Credits : https://oumma.com/emirats-arabes-unis-une-pluie-artificielle-experimentee-video/

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May 19, 2024, the world holds its breath. Ebrahim Raissi, Iran's 63-year-old president, had just died in a...

Iran faces its destiny to elect its next president

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Iranians wait in line to vote in the presidential election, June 28, 2024, in Tehran. © Majid Asgaripour, West Asia News Agency via Reuters

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This Friday, June 28, Iran's 61 million electors go to the polls to elect their new president. This emergency election is of particular importance as it could mark a major political turning point for Iran, with reformers and conservatives divided over the country's future.

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High-stakes elections

First of all, it's important to understand that these presidential elections are taking place against a backdrop of high social tension and political and economic uncertainty. The candidates will not only have to convince a deeply divided electorate, but also navigate a complex political landscape where international tensions and internal problems weigh heavily. Iran has been facing major economic challenges for several years now, not least as a result of international sanctions and diplomatic isolation.

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Pezeshkian keeps hopes alive

Massoud Pezeshkian, 69, an Azeri-born doctor turned member of parliament, is the only reformist candidate authorized by the Guardian Council. Almost unknown before his candidacy, he has become a symbol of hope for the reformist and moderate camps, marginalized in recent years. Pezeshkian promises profound social and economic reforms, a fight against corruption and, above all, a diplomatic opening that will enable Iran to escape from diplomatic isolation and the infernal circle of sanctions.

To face him, 2 conservatives, Mohammad-Bagher Ghalibaf and Saïd Jalili. Mohammad-Bagher Ghalibaf is the current Speaker of Parliament and a former military commander. He advocates an economic policy of resistance and national self-sufficiency, in line with the principles of the Islamic Revolution. He also favors a cautious foreign policy, wary of the West. Saïd Jalili is the former Iranian nuclear negotiator. He is firmly opposed to any rapprochement with the West. He takes a hard line on national security issues and supports the development of Iran's nuclear program.

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Concrete changes if Pezeshkian is elected

Massoud Pezeshkian has made clear his desire to moderate headscarf laws. The hijab debate, revived after the death of Mahsa Amini in 2022, remains a hot topic. Pezeshkian is the only candidate openly critical of current repressive methods and willing to allow greater freedom of expression and choice for Iranian women. On the issue of Iran's nuclear program, Pezeshkian's position is one of openness and negotiation. He has stressed the need to revive the Iran nuclear deal signed in 2015 in order to lift the severe economic sanctions crippling the country's economy. Unlike his more conservative opponents, he favors constructive dialogue with the world's major powers, including the United States, to improve Iran's economic situation.

The presidential elections in post-Raissi Iran are a decisive moment for the country. Although the president-elect will have far less power than the Ayatollah, the choice of a reformist or a conversavist will have a major impact on the country's stability and prosperity.

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Sources

‍https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/iran/mort-du-president-ebrahim-raissi/iran-candidats-enjeux-risque-d-abstention-ce-qu-il-faut-savoir-avant-l-election-presidentielle_6623274.html

‍https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2024/06/28/presidentielle-en-iran-le-vote-a-commence-pour-trouver-un-successeur-a-ebrahim-raissi_6245034_3210.html

‍https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2024/05/21/iran-la-mort-d-ebrahim-raissi-place-le-regime-de-teheran-face-a-un-double-defi_6234569_3210.html

‍https://www.france24.com/fr/asie-pacifique/20240628-les-iraniens-aux-urnes-pour-%C3%A9lire-un-nouveau-pr%C3%A9sident-apr%C3%A8s-la-mort-d-ebrahim-ra%C3%AFssi

‍https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/iran/mort-du-president-ebrahim-raissi/iran-qui-est-massoud-pezeshkian-ce-candidat-reformateur-qui-veut-sortir-le-pays-de-son-isolement-en-tete-des-sondages_6631278.html

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Once again, Saudi Arabia has surprised the world by committing to hosting an annual esport World Cup in the ...

Saudi Arabia stands as a pioneer of Esports in the Middle East

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Transforming the country to serve its vision

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Beyond the entertainment and crowds that will flock to Saudi Arabia's gaming infrastructures, the country's initiative is part of a profound transformation process, called "Vision 2030". The aim is ambitious: to diversify the national economy and position itself in dynamic new markets, such as new technologies and e-sports, in order to reduce dependence on hydrocarbons. Nevertheless, MBS also wishes to focus on a sector that is highly popular with Saudi youth.

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The organization of the Esport World Cup is another demonstration that Saudi Arabia is opening up new horizons for the country, and creating a bridge between occidentalization and traditional culture.

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Massive investment in Esports

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Crown Prince MBS is both a visionary and a video game enthusiast, and has made e-sports a national priority. The Kingdom has already injected $38 billion into the video game industry, acquiring significant stakes in giants such as Electronic Arts and Nintendo.

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These strategic investments are aimed at establishing a robust and sustainable e-sport industry, capable of generating 39,000 jobs by 2030. With the largest prize fund in the history of e-sport, this World Cup is shaping up to be the most ambitious event ever staged.

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Soft Power ? Yes, but not only

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The nomination of Saudi Arabia as host of the e-sport World Cup illustrates much more than a simple commitment. It symbolizes a significant turning point in the evolution of human rights in the Kingdom since 2018. What's more, this initiative is no coincidence, but the result of a deliberate desire on the part of the West to forge closer economic and political ties with nations around the world, thus fully integrating these countries into the fabric of the international scene.

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So, beyond its soft power ambitions, hosting the e-sport World Cup underlines Saudi Arabia's profound aspiration to position itself as a visionary leader in a Middle East in the throes of reunification. This is no longer just a question of image; it is the concrete expression of an ambitious project aimed at radically transforming the region, placing the Kingdom at the heart of a new era marked by innovation, shared prosperity and integration into the global economy.

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Concretely, this is also reinforced by collaboration with organizations experienced in organizing e-sport tournaments, such as the Electronic Sports League (ESL) and the renewed management of the Esports World Cup (EWC) under the aegis of Ralf Reichert.

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Saudi Arabia's move into esports represents much more than an economic ambition; it's a vision of the future in which video games become a vehicle for change, unity and social development. By opening up to e-sport, the Kingdom is not just diversifying its economy; it is actively participating in building a future where cultural barriers are transcended by shared common interests.

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Sources :

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https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/un-monde-connecte/arabie-saoudite-l-esport-comme-outil-de-soft-power-1018857

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https://www.ouest-france.fr/sport/esport/larabie-saoudite-annonce-la-creation-dune-coupe-du-monde-desport-annuelle-aa1df50c-71b1-11ee-a00f-d55111ba52f2

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https://www.bfmtv.com/tech/gaming/esport-l-arabie-saoudite-va-organiser-une-coupe-du-monde-annuelle-avec-la-plus-grande-dotation-de-l-histoire_AD-202310230556.html

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https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2023/10/25/e-sport-l-arabie-saoudite-annonce-la-tenue-d-une-coupe-du-monde-a-partir-de-l-ete-2024_6196412_4408996.html#

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Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are at the forefront of a sustainable journey to build smart cities in...

GCC's Urban Revolution: Transforming Deserts into Smart Cities

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Masdar design | Masdar City, Abu Dhabi | gordontour | Flickr — Credit: gordontour, Flickr

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NEOM: “The Line” Saudi Arabia’s Futuristic Mega-City

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One of the most ambitious projects in the Middle East is NEOM in Saudi Arabia, a $500 billion mega-city designed to be a global hub for innovation and technology. Launched by 2017 by Mohamed Bin Salman and situated in the northwest of the country, NEOM aim to redefine urban living through its integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT) and robotics across various sectors.

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NEOM's design includes the construction of "The Line," a 170-kilometer linear city with no cars, streets, or carbon emissions. This approach to urban planning promotes walkability, seamless connectivity through high-speed transit, and the integration of nature within urban spaces. NEOM's vision emphasizes sustainability by aspiring to be powered entirely by clean energy sources. Furthermore through its urban agriculture initiative it aims to provide food security to its inhabitants. This aligns with Saudi Arabia’s broader goals of economic diversification under the Vision 2030 plan.

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Masdar City: UAE’s Beacon of Sustainability

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Masdar City, located near Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), is another pioneering example of smart city development. Launched in 2008, Masdar City is one of the world's most sustainable urban communities, powered entirely by renewable energy. It serves as the headquarters of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and the regional HQ for Siemens.

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The city's design incorporates energy-efficient buildings, sustainable materials, and practices such as passive cooling and green roofs. Masdar City utilizes solar energy extensively, with one of the largest photovoltaic installations in the Middle East, and a solar thermal cooling plant. The city’s transportation network features electric and autonomous vehicles, reducing reliance on fossil fuels.

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Masdar City not only showcases eco-friendly urban development but also serves as a living laboratory for innovative technologies and sustainable practices. It aims to reduce its ecological footprint while providing high standards of living, making it a blueprint for future sustainable cities globally.

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Lusail City: Qatar’s vision of modern urbanism

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Lusail City in Qatar represents another stride in the GCC's smart city initiatives. As a host city for one of the stadiums for the 2022 FIFA World Cup, Lusail City has been in the international spotlight. This large-scale development integrates advanced infrastructure with modern urban planning to create a vibrant, high-tech urban environment. Lusail City includes a light rail network, an underground pedestrian system, and a district cooling system, all designed to enhance connectivity and reduce energy consumption.

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Lusail City’s smart infrastructure includes advanced waste management systems, smart grids for electricity distribution, and extensive use of IoT for city management and services.

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Challenges and Future Prospects

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Building smart cities in the desert comes with unique challenges, including extreme temperatures, water scarcity, and the need for sustainable resource management. GCC countries are making significant efforts to pioneer this advancement through innovative solutions such as desalination plants powered by renewable energy, advanced cooling technologies, and sustainable urban designs that minimize environmental impact.

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The success of these smart city projects in the GCC region will depend on continuous investment in technology, infrastructure, and human capital. Collaboration with global partners and the adoption of best practices from around the world will be crucial.

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Countries facing desertification and rising temperatures will have to follow the same path and develop innovative city designs to mitigate and adapt to climate disruptions. The ambitious models being developed by GCC countries should serve as a blueprint for these efforts worldwide. Other nations can learn from these pioneering strategies to create sustainable and resilient urban environments.

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Sources :

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https://masdar.ae/en/renewables/green-hydrogen

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https://masdar.ae/en/renewables/our-projects/masdar-city-solar-photovoltaic-plant

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https://www.flickr.com/photos/gordontour/25137880702 \

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https://www.lusail.com

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https://www.neom.com/en-us/our-business/sectors/water/infrastructure/resource-recovery

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https://www.vision2030.gov.sa/en/

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Semitic languages reflect the history of mankind. Born in Africa and the Near East, the cradlesof the human race...

Semitic languages : Heritage of Humanity

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Originally a family affair

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Semitic languages reflect the history of mankind. Born in Africa and the Near East, the cradles of the human race, they are like a large family, bringing together venerable patriarchs who have more or less fallen into oblivion but whose written testament remains, descendants of a renaissance firmly rooted in modernity, and heirs who have remained faithful to the first lineage. Indeed, Egyptian hieroglyphics, Assyrian cuneiform, Phoenician and Aramaic are all "dead" languages whose symbols, engraved or drawn, gradually gave rise to the Hebrew,

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Arabic and Amharic alphabets. Hebrew,Arabic and Amharic are "living" languages, spoken, written and read from the Maghreb to the Persian Gulf, via the Horn of Africa and the Levant.

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Noah's son, Shem ("name" in Hebrew), is thought to have been their common ancestor, and to have passed on, like so many shared genes, the use of triliteral roots, fricative consonants and right-to-left transcription.

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Liturgical language, vernacular language

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Hebrew and Arabic are inseparable from Judaism and Islam, as the languages of their respective books, but they have not followed the same historical meanders.

While it remained the liturgical language of the Jewish people in the Diaspora, ancient or biblical Hebrew only entered modernity under the impetus of Eliezer Ben-Yehouda in the 19th century, before being adopted as the official language by the young State of Israel on its creation in 1948. BlendingSpanish, German and Arabic, Hebrew had also given rise, several centuries earlier, to regional dialects (Ladino, Yiddish, Judeo-Arabic).

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Today, Hebrew is spoken by over 9 million people worldwide. Classical or literary Arabic originated with the Koran in the 7th century in the region that gave it its name, Arabia, and has remained unchanged ever since. A language of poetry, erudition and science, it must be distinguished from its dialectal variants, which are as numerous as the countries of the Arab-Muslim zone. With the spread of Islam, its alphabet was adopted by Indo-European languages such as Farsi and Urdu. Among its 400 million speakers are the Christians of Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Egypt and the Holy Land, who also use it for liturgical purposes, but combine it with other ancient and disappearing Semitic languages such as Aramaic and Coptic.

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Speaking each other's language : a shared heritage

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In the region, Israel has also made Arabic one of its three official languages. Israeli literature is rich in examples of linguistic appropriation and mixed works, such as those by the Palestinian-born writer Anton Shammas, known for his short stories, poems and articles, as well as his translations from Arabic into Hebrew. In Jerusalem and Tel Aviv,
the A.M.A.L ("hope" in Arabic) organization, founded by the aptly named Ishmael Ben Israel, commissions Palestinian students to teach Arabic in elementary school and offers courses via an online platform to thousands of students.

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There are two reasons for this growing interest in learning the language: curiosity about one's neighbor's culture, and the rediscovery of one's own roots for descendants of Jews from the Maghreb or the Middle East. In Egypt, oriental language departments offer Hebrew courses, as at Al-Azar University in Cairo, while in Dubai and Abu Dhabi, language schools recently opened in the wake of the Abraham Accords are increasingly attracting Emirati businessmen. It's as if, for the sons of Shem, speaking the other's language is a way of reconnecting with the heritage shared with not-so-distant cousins.

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Sources :

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L’hébreu, langue mouvante d’un pays qui change (la-croix.com)

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Les langues sémitiques (unige.ch)

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De plus en plus d'Israéliens se mettent à l'arabe - The Times of Israël (timesofisrael.com)

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Hebrew language in high demand in Gulf states – DW – 03/11/2021

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Two worlds meet. The scents of spices, traditional objects and the hustle and bustle of Beirut's souks will soon...

LEVEL UP IN THE MIDDLE EAST : the video game industry keeps growing in the region

Increasingly focused on the gaming sector, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region accounts for 2.5% of the 135 billion in sales generated by the global market, according to a report produced by Newzoo. Following in the footsteps of Sony, Microsoft and Electronic Arts, new companies specializing in electronics and entertainment are making their debut in Lebanon, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. For Nolan Bushnell, founder of Atari, the videogame landscape has changed a great deal in fifty years. In the golden age of connected devices, the patriarch of video games predicts the advent of a society dedicated to communication.

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High Stakes : Saudi Arabia takes Pole Position in the Video Games Race

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As the No. 1 player in this regional competition to dominate the video game industry, Saudi Arabia is actively developing its eco-system. With the purchase of Electronic Sport League (ESL) and Faceit, two European e-sport companies, the oil-rich kingdom is also piloting Savvy Gaming Group. Wholly owned by the national public investment fund, this e-sport company represents a major economic asset in a young country, where the average age is 30. Thanks to the many investments made in this field, the Saudi video game market is expected to reach nearly one billion dollars by 2023.

The current dynamics of video games are closely linked to the widespread availability of mobile Internet access. In Saudi Arabia, mobile traffic, which is currently estimated at 75.18% according to Statcounter, is encouraging greater access to online gaming platforms. This strategy of opening up the entertainment sector is proving highly successful. In 2021, foreign direct investment in Saudi Arabia rose by a spectacular 252% year-on-year, with gross fixed capital formation reaching US$218 billion and annual growth of 19.4%.

Optimistic projections for the next five years testify to the continued growth of the video games market in the MENA GCC region. According to Ericsson, the number of smartphone subscriptions is set to increase from 65 million to 73 million in GCC countries by 2027, while the MENA region's compound annual growth rate is set to rise from $5.71 billion to $9.63 billion between 2023 and 2028, an increase of 11.01% according to data from Mordor Intelligence.

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A rising regional trend in gamification

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Lebanon and the United Arab Emirates, which organize cultural events around video games, are also on board. The enthusiasm generated by the Middle East Gaming Festival in Beirut in 2018 has been warmly echoed by the Yas Gaming Festival in Abu Dhabi in 2023. The United Arab Emirates continues to invest actively in the sector. Across borders, these unique events have brought together enthusiasts and the curious around racing simulations, virtual reality games and cosplay sessions, reinforcing the region's position as a hub of gaming culture.

The Gulf State predicts an average annual expenditure of $115 per gamer. It was with this economic outlook in mind that Fakhra Al Mansouri seized the opportunity to promote local culture through the new educational leverage provided by videogames. Five years ago, the Emirati developer set up her company Hybrid Humans Game Studio with the aim of bringing her culture to the rest of the world in an innovative way. This mobile games platform is notably behind Falcon Valley, awarded the title of "game of the day" by the apple store in 2017.

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More and more international partnerships : new players join the game

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At the heart of this cultural transition, young local programmers, including the talented Fakhra Al Mansouri, are helping their nations emerge on the international scene. This evolution is remarkably reflected in the meteoric rise of partnerships. In May 2022, the Middle East marked a significant breakthrough in video gaming with the successful expansion of Indian e-sports platform Gamerji. Having already extended its operations to the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia, Gamerji recently inaugurated its services in these countries, with a clear vision of continued progress over the next three months. Meanwhile, the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding between the Saudi Ministry of Investment (MISA) and South Korea's WEMADE in 2023 is a major step towards the introduction of blockchain in Saudi Arabia.

The Middle East continues its fast-paced ascension in the world of video entertainment. As new adventurers enter this virtual sphere : investors, programmers, even government bodies, the excitement of video gaming continues to drain development opportunities. Stay in the game.

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Sources :
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https://fr.timesofisrael.com/larabie-saoudite-veut-developper-le-secteur-des-jeux-video/
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https://fr.euronews.com/2019/08/02/inspire-middle-east-l-essor-de-l-industrie-du-jeu-video-au-moyen-orient

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https://www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr/Articles/2022/07/13/arabie-saoudite-situation-de-l-investissement-et-de-l-attractivite-economique

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https://www.gamesindustry.biz/what-is-savvy-games-group-and-how-is-it-trying-to-change-saudi-arabias-image

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https://www.mordorintelligence.com/fr/industry-reports/middle-east-gaming-market

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https://thebusinessofesports.com/2022/06/17/gamerji-commences-operations-in-the-middle-east/
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https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/919404/une-salle-darcades-a-6-millions-de-dollars-prevue-aux-souks-de-beyrouth.html
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https://www.arabnews.com/node/2292691/business-economy

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https://www.timeoutabudhabi.com/things-to-do/yas-gaming-festival
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https://www.middleeasteye.net/fr/reportages/lessor-du-geekdom-au-liban-la-communaute-du-jeu-video-croit-en-un-avenir-lucratif

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Morocco can count on science and technology to boost its agricultural sector.

Morocco can count on technology to boost agriculture

With cereal self-sufficiency approaching 75% and local products generate sales of over 1.2 billion euros a year, the kingdom's land is far from barren. Yet, for the past 40 years, Moroccan agriculture has been threatened by endemic drought. Back in 2008, the government set up the Green Morocco Plan to help small-scale commercial farming. This decision has had a positive impact of a 60% increase in agricultural exports the following year.

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In 2023, it's the turn of start-ups to take over arable land. As a winning duo — Sand to Green which uses its technology to facilitate the integration of agroforestry farms in arid environments and Terraa, which strengthens distribution channels through its digital platform. How do these two companies intend to overcome the challenges of the primary sector ?

Sand to Green’s goal — making the desert green again

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Morocco's territory is constantly being reshaped by the ecological and urban changes of the 21^st century. Its agriculture has not been spared. Drought, urban sprawl, erosion... According to Benjamin Rombaut, CEO of Sand to Green, almost a third of the soil’s has turned dry. In order to adapt the kingdom’s agricultural framework, the Franco-Moroccan entrepreneur decided to deploy an agroforestry modelin Morocco's arid environment. After three years of R&D, Sand to Green has become a mature project, ready to contribute to the resilience of the country's rural economies.

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The prototype aims to re-green desert environments, in particular through a water desalination strategy. This procedure would help trees to establish themselves in a hostile, poorly irrigated environment. “As they grow stronger, they become more and more autonomous, thanks to their ability to manage their own water cycle”, explains Benjamin Rombaut, who is both ambitious and keen to see blossoming low-carbon emissions plants. Sand to Green has already raised 1 million dollars. The money raised from investors should enable the company to spread over thousands of hectares.

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The food tech Terraa feeds distribution networks

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Aridity isn't the only challenge for the country. The whole system needs to be rethought. Intermediation, incomplete databases and technological backwardness affect the agricultural market and leads to excessive prices, unsold and food spoilage. Founded in 2022, Terraa could well change all that. Its mission is to re-establish the network between farmers and urban markets via a paperless ordering system. To achieve this, the Moroccan start-up sources directly from farmers before delivering to retailers. This strategy is accompanied by a policy of constant prices which tends to limit losses due to periods of overproduction.

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This year, the food distribution start-up managed to raise $1.5 million in pre-seed funding, which will be used to strengthen its logistics infrastructure, while expanding into the rest of the region. Co-founder Benoît Devigne is looking forward to see the positive impact of Terraa's technology on supply and demand. Benoît Devigne already plans to open new collection centers for storage and distribution.

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On the fertile ground of international collaboration

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Developing a digital economy capable of enhancing the value of family farming, i.e. 70% of farms, is a major challenge for Morocco and the rest of the continent. The use of technology by small-scale farmers in Africa is increasingly but not sufficiently democratized. While it is now possible to grow plants in arid zones thanks to agro-ecological techniques, training and experimentation centers are essential to guide the younger generation of Moroccan engineers.

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To achieve this, the participation of international players is undeniable. In fact, it was the French Yves Rocher Foundation that financed the CIPA institute (crossroads of technological initiatives and practices) to the tune of 10,000 euros.

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Aware of the fundamental value that international partnerships can bring, Morocco has opened its doors to collaborators from all horizons. The kingdom recently called for cooperation with Europe and Africa on sustainable agriculture. In October, it took part in the international conference on food production technologies in Eilat. The event brought together over 70 representatives from numerous countries - including Jordan, Barhein, Ghana, the United Arab Emirates - all keen to revitalize their agricultural sectors. Everyone can learn from each other — that was the watchword of this historic meeting.

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Sources:

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https://agriculture.gouv.fr/marocx

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https://www.challenge.ma/sand-to-green-leve-1-million-de-dollars-pour-deployer-ses-activites-au maroc-255263/

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https://aujourdhui.ma/economie/sand-to-green-la-start-up-franco-marocaine-qui-veut-reverdir-le desert

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https://www.agriculture.gov.ma/fr/filiere/richesse-du-terroir

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https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1425593/economie/terraa-gwala-au-maroc-la-nouvelle-scene-tech cherche-ses-soutiens/

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https://www.agenceecofin.com/finance/1402-105513-maroc-la-start-up-terraa-leve-1-5-million pour-etendre-son-activite-d-approvisionnement-alimentaire-dans-le-royaume https://amp.rfi.fr/fr/podcasts/afrique-économie/20210603-les-nouvelles-technologies-et-le-futur-de l-agriculture-au-maroc

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https://afrique.tv5monde.com/information/maroc-la-tech-au-secours-de-la-terre https://www.lopinion.ma/High-Tech-Agriculture-Le-Maroc-participe-a-une-conference-a Eilat_a32272.html

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https://leseco.ma/business/agriculture-israel-mise-sur-la-cooperation-avec-le-maroc.html https://fr.hespress.com/305645-le-maroc-appelle-a-une-cooperation-avec-leurope-et-lafrique-pour lagriculture.html/amp

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https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/137014/produits-alimentaires-frais-terraa-leve.html https://terre-humanisme.org/project/maroc/

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Since free-trade financial zones such as the Abu Dhabi Global Market and the Dubai Financial Center...

Egypt : The Fintech Gamble

Since free-trade financial zones such as the Abu Dhabi Global Market and the Dubai Financial Center began promoting the growth of regional fintechs, the banking sector has taken a real turn for the better. The fintech boom goes beyond Middle Eastern borders. Young, dynamic and resilient, Africa has become one of these new hotbeds.

In 2022, the continent attracted more than 1,100 investors, an increase of 29% on the previous year. Nigeria, Kenya, Sudan... Among the leading countries to adopt this new model, Egypt is betting on financial innovation. Under what conditions are these new companies entering the Egyptian market, and what influence do they exert on the country ?

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Renovating Egypt's banking sector — ﬁntech MNT- Halan heals the country's socio-economic wounds

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Egypt's economic crisis may have thrown off its clocks, but it's no big deal. As the third-largest economy in the Arab world, Cairo is determined to hold on to this title. A study by The Economist shows that the EGX30 stock market (equivalent to the CAC 40) rose by 12% in value between December 2022 and March 2023. A correlation can quickly be established between this upward trend and a fintech market that continues to flourish.

The fintech sector is said to have already raised $736 million in the Nile country by 2022, with MNT-Halan the first company in the running, voted by Forbes as the 10th best-funded start-up in the Middle East. Valued at over a billion dollars, the young start-up has become Africa's new unicorn, following in the footsteps of Fawry and Hollydesk. Following in the footsteps of its two big sisters specializing in expense management, MNT-Halan is in turn helping to modernize the banking system.

The dematerialized platform facilitates electronic payments thanks to Neuron software, which uses AI to anticipate the behavior of its thousands of users. It's important to understand that the platform's vocation is twofold — to initiate a transition towards digitalization and to respond to a major societal problem —financial insecurity. In a country where 70% of the population is unbanked, digital finance could become the remedy for precariousness. By embracing the field of fintech, Egyptian entrepreneurship seems to be healing the country's wounds, be they on a macro or micro economic scale.

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Financial start-ups, regulated and supported by the State

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Perceived as a driving force for technological, social and economic development, the technological finance sector is favored by many public and private players. According to Redseer, a quarter of all commercial pacts in the Arab world are related to the cloud finance sector. But the transition to digitization is not self-evident, and requires a solid regulatory framework.

At a time when the country's consumers are timidly beginning to turn to online payments, the Egyptian government is striving to secure this new practice while making it simpler and more accessible. To this end, the Central Bank is enforcing legislation allowing users to carry out instant transactions from their cell phones, and government measures are overseeing technological innovation in order to minimize risks.

Another notable example is the recent FRA law, which regulates financial start-ups by imposing a temporary patent on them, before allowing them to integrate into the ecosystem. According to Noha Shaker, founder of the Egyptian fintech association and vice-president of the African fintech network, this ecosystem is currently in the midst of an expansion phase. From government to private investors, even universities are now starting up programs on the subject.

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Egypt — the MENA region's next technology hub?

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The rise of Egyptian fintechs is a significant indicator of the government's evolution towards the technological revolution. In 2023, more confident and up to date with the latest innovations in finance, the Minister of Finance plans to issue $500 million worth of green bonds to support sustainable infrastructure projects while creating jobs.

Is Egypt the next technology hub in the Middle East and North Africa ? Although the World Bank currently ranks the Nile country just behind the United Arab Emirates, the strengthening of its legal framework, combined with the growth of fintech investors, suggests that this ascent is not over.

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Sources :

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https://www.economist.com/economic-and-financial-indicators/2023/03/09/economic-data-commodities-and markets

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https://www.forbes.com/sites/afshinmolavi/2023/02/15/middle-east-tech-startups-are-a-hot-emerging market/?sh=22abf83943c5

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https://www.lesechos.fr/start-up/deals/mnt-halan-la-premiere-licorne-egyptienne-1905472 https://fintechmagazine.com/articles/top-10-fintech-trade-associations-globally

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https://thefintechtimes.com/fintech-in-egypt-101-middle-east-and-africa/

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https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/2021/11/28/generation-start-up-mnt-halan-rides-egypts-fintech wave/

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https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/2021/08/30/fintech-investment-leads-growth-in-menas-digital economy/

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https://www.wearetech.africa/home-fr-fr/fils/tech-stars/en-3-ans-mounir-nakhla-et-ahmed-mohsen-ont-fait-d une-solution-de-covoiturage-une-fintech-a-succes

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https://egyptindependent.com/egypt-third-strongest-economy-in-arab-world-forbes/ https://www.afrik21.africa/egypte-letat-emettra-une-obligation-verte-de-500-m-pour-des-projets-ecolos en-2023/

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https://www.wearetech.africa/fr/fils/breves/breves-simple/egypte-la-fintech-hollydesk-a-reussi-un-tour-de table-de-1-million-pour-accelerer-sa-croissance

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https://egyptianstreets.com/2023/02/25/the-arab-women-making-noise-in-the-fintech-and-blockchain industry/

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For centuries, Morocco has represented a unique model of coexistence and convergence of civilizations, cultures...

Preserving Jewish heritage in Morocco

With its unique model, Morocco makes religion a factor of peace, ensuring that the Jewish and Christian communities live in harmony and respect for the values of living together. The central pillar of this approach is the institution of the Commandery of the Faithful, “Imarat Al-Mouminine”, embodied by His Majesty King Mohammed VI, who is the guarantor of national unity.

Coexistence and living together are not empty words in Morocco. For centuries and right up to the present day, Jews have lived in harmony and peace alongside their Muslim brethren. What's more, the Kings of Morocco have always ensured that the Jewish component of the Moroccan nation can worship in the best possible conditions and preserve its socio-cultural specificities.

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The Moroccan Jewish exception

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Present since antiquity, the Moroccan Jewish community has grown over the centuries, notably with the arrival of those expelled from Spain by the Catholic kings in 1492. In the 1940s, it represented some 250,000 people, or 10% of the population, and was the largest Jewish community in the Arab world. Many left after the founding of the State of Israel in 1948, then after the 6-Day War in 1967, with the aim of repopulating the country and also responding to the messianic religious call. Today, the Moroccan Jewish community, based mainly in Casablanca, numbers around 2,500 and remains the largest in North Africa.

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The status of Moroccan Jews in the 20th century has oscillated between different poles — from that of "dhimmi" before the protectorate in 1912, to that of "privileged colonized" under French rule, to that of full-fledged subject of the Cherifian kingdom. In 1941, King Mohammed V officially declared his disapproval of the Vichy regime's anti-Jewish laws, and strictly refused to make any distinction between his Jewish and Muslim subjects.

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This singularity of the Moroccan example, which is the country's strength, is not about to change. "Relations between Israel and Morocco are special”, says Moroccan Foreign Minister Nasser Bourita. The diplomat points to the history that binds the Cherifian kingdom to the Jewish community — "It's a special history in the Arab world. King Mohammed VI and previous kings, including Hassan II, respect and protect Jews”. The kingdom now wants to teach this history to its children. Indeed, King Mohammed VI had already clearly demonstrated his desire to take care of all the Kingdom's roots and the tributaries of its plural identity in order to build its future, by having the enhancement of Moroccan Jewish heritage included in the new Constitution of July 2011.

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Also, a year after the signing of the Abraham Accords in December 2020, which marked the starting point for the normalization of diplomatic relations between Morocco and Israel, several initiatives were taken in response to the growing interest in preserving Morocco's Jewish heritage. The Sovereign decided to include the Jewish component of national history in the school curriculum for young Moroccans, and then ordered the renovation of hundreds of synagogues, grave yards and Jewish heritage sites in several Moroccan cities, including the Jewish cemetery in the city of Fez, which comprises 13,000 graves. His Majesty also wishes to restore the original names of some of the country's Jewish neighborhoods.

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Bayt Dakira —Jewish-Moroccan memory in the land of Islam

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The only one of its kind in the southern Mediterranean and in the Land of Islam, Bayt Dakira (the House of Memory) bears witness to Essaouira's Judeo-Muslim past, the exceptional destiny of the city's Jews and their relations with the Muslim populations, which have always been rich and benevolent.
Located in the "Mellah" Jewish quarter of the old medina, the museum is a spiritual space dedicated to the city's Jewish community.

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It houses the International Center for Research on the History of Relations between Judaism and Islam, and plays an important role in preserving and promoting Moroccan Jewish memory. With the "Slat Attia" synagogue as its center of gravity, Bayt Dakira is a place of memory that tells the exceptional saga of the city's Judaism and its heritage through objects, texts, photos and film — from tea ceremonies to Hebrew poetry, from gold and silver filigree to embroidery and the creation of sumptuous caftans, from cultural arts to literature, from Souiris (Essaouira) rituals to the synagogue and the great trading posts that made Essaouira (formerly Mogador) so famous in the 18th and 19th centuries. This place, which presents and explains all the stages of Jewish life, from birth to death and from Bar Mitzvah to marriage, is also a place of education, a space for exchange between researchers from different backgrounds, a place for sharing, transmission and resistance to amnesia.

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The Sovereign's visit to this building in 2020 reflects the special interest His Majesty the King takes in the cultural and religious heritage of the Moroccan Jewish community, and his ongoing commitment to preserving the richness and diversity of the Kingdom's spiritual components and authentic heritage.

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Slat Al Fassiyine, a witness to Jewish cultural heritage

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Another equally symbolic project is the restoration of the Slat Al Fassiyine synagogue. A veritable sanctuary of Judaism in the city of Fes, this synagogue has been restored and transformed into a place of Jewish remembrance. For many observers, the reopening of this place of worship is an eloquent expression of the Kingdom's firm commitment to showcasing Moroccan-Jewish heritage and promoting the culture of tolerance and coexistence that has always prevailed between Moroccan Muslims and Jews.

His Majesty King Mohammed VI addressed a strong message to the participants at the inauguration, in which he stressed the importance of the cultural and spiritual heritage of the Moroccan Jewish community, as an integral part of Moroccan heritage and a testimony to the richness and diversity of its components.

Recognized and classified as a historic monument of universal interest by UNESCO and the Ministry of Culture, the restoration of the Slat Al Fassiyine synagogue is the fruit of concerted action by the Fez Jewish community, the Fondation du patrimoine culturel judéo-marocain and financial support from the German government. The restoration of this building is of the utmost importance, since it was carried out with respect for the particular nature of synagogues in Morocco, each with its own specific features, linked either to the families who built them, or to the districts where they are located. Its architectural rehabilitation, the work of Moroccan architects, restorers and expert "maalmin" craftsmen, has given this monument a new lease of life.
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The restoration of this Jewish sanctuary is part of a program to rehabilitate the four synagogues in the Mellah of Fez, classified as historic monuments by Unesco and the Ministry of Culture. In addition to the Slat Al Fassiyine synagogue, these include the Ibn Danan, Mansano and Imhabanin synagogues.

Dating back to the 17^th century, the Ibn Danan synagogue is today a place of worship named after a former rabbi and a symbol of the city's Jewish-Moroccan heritage. The Mansano synagogue was built in the 17th century by Andalusian Jews expelled from Spain. Finally, the Imhabanin synagogue (in Arabic, oum al-banine) was built in the 20^th century by women.

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Grave Yards

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Another demonstration of the Sovereign's interest in preserving and promoting Moroccan Jewish heritage is the program to rehabilitate Jewish cemeteries. The program, which lasted five years, revisited the Moroccan Jewish funerary heritage.

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This initiative, unique in Arab countries, has resulted in the rehabilitation of 167 cemeteries, the construction of over 40 kilometers of walls, the renovation of 169 cemetery gates, in addition to 200,000 square meters of paving and the erection of dozens of buildings and outbuildings. These achievements have been presented at the Institut du Monde Arabe (IMA) in Paris, the US Senate and the MoMA Museum in New York.

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Through its historic sites, synagogues, mellahs, cultural and artistic expressions, the Jewish-Moroccan heritage bears witness to a shared, centuries-old history, and passes on to new generations a legacy of inestimable value.

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Hebraic justice

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An integral part of the Kingdom's judicial system, Hebrew justice is another striking manifestation of the diversity that characterizes Moroccan identity. Morocco was, and remains, the only Arab country where Moroccan Jews have access to Rabbinical Chambers, which are responsible for ruling on their disputes, particularly in matters of personal status and inheritance.

It is in this context that the Ministry of Justice has drawn up an action plan aimed at highlighting Hebraic justice and the roles it plays. Framed by a set of Cherifian Dahirs that illustrate its very close links with the institution of Imarat Al Mouminine, Hebraic justice in the Kingdom has been able to produce a rich body of case law inherent in the personal status of Moroccan Jewish citizens.

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With a view to preserving, enhancing and protecting this historic heritage, a national campaign was launched in March 2021 to collect Hebrew judgments and manuscripts from the various conservation and archiving centers run by the Ministry of Justice. These invaluable documents will then be electronically archived and stored in secure conditions, guaranteeing better protection against deterioration. Also with the aim of preserving and promoting this part of Moroccan identity, a National Museum of the Memory of the Kingdom's Justice System will be created. Hebraic justice will be given pride of place.

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After several decades of Arabization, this growing interest in Jewish culture has coincided with the reformulation of the national narrative towards a claim to Morocco's ethnic and linguistic plurality. With the 2011 Constitution, Hebraic identity became, in this movement, a fully-fledged component of Moroccan identity, on a par with Berber or Hassan identities.

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Oman's tourism industry is significantly enhancing the country's economic landscape. Recent efforts to diversify...

Oman’s emerging tourism sector boosts its economy

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A group of palm trees and a buildingDescription automatically generated

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Recent research by the global tourism body indicates that in 2023, the Travel & Tourism sector’s GDP contribution increased by nearly 35%, reaching OMR 2.8 billion, and is on track to exceed previous records. The sector also experienced a 15% growth in employment, now providing jobs to 191,500 people nationwide.

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Furthermore the World Travel & Tourism Council’s (WTTC) reveals a promising outlook for Oman’s Travel & Tourism sector. Supported by strong governmental backing and strategic initiatives, the sector is expected to achieve new heights this year. According to the report, the sector's GDP contribution is projected to exceed OMR 3.3 billion in 2024, accounting for 7.6% of the country’s total economy. By 2034, the WTTC predicts the sector’s annual GDP contribution will rise to OMR 5.4 billion, representing 9.8% of Oman’s economy, and will support over 265,600 jobs nationwide, with one in every thirteen residents employed in the sector.

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BMI, a Fitch Solutions company, projects a 24.7% year-on-year increase in tourist arrivals to Oman in 2024, reaching a total of 5.3 million visitors. This will mark a new high, building on the previous peak of 4 million visitors in 2023. By the end of January 2024, airport passenger traffic had already risen by 21.6%, totaling 1,417,442 passengers.

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Oman plans to invest $31 billion in its tourism sector by 2040 to attract more international visitors. In 2023, the country welcomed a record-breaking 4 million visitors, up from 2.9 million in 2022, marking an increase of almost 38%. Among these, 231,000 visitors were from Germany, an increase of 182% compared to the previous year (Middle East Monitor).

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The Ministry of Heritage and Culture aims to create a thriving environment for tourism through measures such as simplifying visa applications and easing restrictions for citizens of over 100 countries. Additionally, the Ministry plans significant investments in infrastructure and attractions, with over US$5.9 billion currently directed towards more than 360 projects.

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Focus on Tourism Innovation

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Under the theme “Empowering Innovation – Transforming Travel through Entrepreneurship,” Oman presented showcase its dynamic tourism sector at the Arabian Travel Market Exhibition 2024. Led by His Excellency Azzan bin Qasim Al Busaidi, the Omani delegation focused on its latest advancements in travel technology and sustainable tourism practices.

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This strategic participation aimed to forge new international partnerships, exchange valuable knowledge, and highlight Oman’s growing tourism capabilities on a global stage. With participation from more than 36 companies, Oman spotlighted its unique cultural and natural attractions, including the much-anticipated Khareef Dhofar season and various summer promotional activities designed to attract global tourists (Breaking Travel News).

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Overall, the strategic growth of tourism in Oman is expected to continue bolstering the country's economic health and international reputation. This approach not only enriches the economic landscape but also helps preserve and showcase Oman’s cultural and natural treasures to a global audience and position itself as an international tourism hub.

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Sources :

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https://arabiandaily.com/tourist-arrivals-in-oman-set-to-reach-3-5-million-in-2023-bmi-report/

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https://www.breakingtravelnews.com/news/article/oman-to-highlight-new-innovations-in-tourism-at-arabian-travel-market-2024/

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https://www.breakingtravelnews.com/news/article/omans-travel-tourism-sector-set-for-historic-growth-predicts-wttc/

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https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240306-oman-to-invest-13bn-to-boost-tourism-by-2040/

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https://visaguide.world/news/wtcc-forecasts-historic-growth-for-omans-tourism-sector-in-2024/

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https://www.omanobserver.om/article/1150551/oman/tourism-sector-targets-31-billion-investments-by-2040

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On the heights of Haifa, knowledge and innovation tower over the coast. The Technion Institute of Technology, built

Technion : Bringing Utopia to Life

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Recognized as one of the top 100 institutions in the Shanghai ranking, the Technion is a bastion of academic excellence. With a total of 60 research centers, the institute attracts over 14,000 knowledge seekers every year. Today, Technion is world-renowned for its achievements. A reputation further enhanced by the attribution of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to three of its researchers in 2004 and 2011.

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From capturing light, to predicting the emergence of epidemics, to lifting paraplegics with a robotic exo-skeleton, it's at the Technion that the greatest scientific minds gather to reshape the world. Among them: Amit Goffer, father of ReWalk Robotics, and the famous Israeli-Ukrainian computer scientist Kira Radinsky, co-titular of 10 patents and ranked among the 30 most promising young entrepreneurs by Forbes in 2015.

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Key cornerstone of the Start-Up Nation, the Technion is a symbol of national ascension and a source of inspiration. What secret lies behind such success ?

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The origins of the Technion: "a sustainable construction for the development of humanity"

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What does it takes to build a nation ? Half a century before the proclamation of the State of Israel, this question would already be occupying Jewish 20th-century intellectuals. In a Europe where anti-Semitism was rampant in its most virulent forms, the need to return to the ancestral homeland and bring human knowledge to fruition was more pressing than ever.

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At the fifth Zionist Congress in 1901, three emblematic figures - philosopher Martin Buber, Chaim Weizmann, then a biochemist, and journalist Berthold Feiwel - brought the Technion project to the attention of the participants. The creation of this educational institute for engineers will lay the foundations for a program to promote Hebrew culture and contribute to the development of the future state.

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Twenty years on, the vision of Israel's founders, carried from the concert halls of Basel's Stadtcasino, is now starting to take shape. The Technion, an outstanding university campus, came into being thanks to the involvement of its own members. German architect and future professor Alexandre Baerwald designed the plans for this innovative infrastructure. In 1923, Albert Einstein himself visited the construction site, adding his participation by planting the very first palm tree.

The Technikum opened its doors in 1924. The first graduating class numbered 17: 10 engineers and 7 architects, including one woman. Cette première génération ouvre la voie à une pléthore d’ingénieurs civils, de scientifiques et d’architectes.

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Receiving the honorary doctorate in architecture in 1962, David Ben Gourion told the institute's students: “Go out to the four corners of our country. Use your scientific knowledge to build up the land. Build this institute that we call the Technion so that its teachers and students can build Israel. Let Israel make a lasting contribution for mankind’s cultural and scientific development”. Prime Minister of the Jewish State's Remark Strikes a Chord.

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Growing Institute : A Regional Technology Hub Project

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At the eve of the new millennium, all gazes were riveted on the Technion. Across the globe, the academic prowess of Israel's MIT attracted the interest of prestigious international universities. Partnerships multiplied in the USA, Europe, Asia, South America and Africa. The Technion was one of the first universities in the Middle East to welcome students from developing countries. After being honored to count Nigerian architect and politician Olorogun Felix Ovudoroye Ibru among its students in the 1960s, in 1998 the Technion graduated its first Ethiopian student in food engineering: Dr. Kebede Eshetu, and Dr. Abu Farich Award, the first Bedouin student in chemistry.

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At the start of construction, when the first buildings sprang up in the vastness of Technion City, some visitors wondered why a country as small as Israel needed such a vast campus. In his essay on the history of the Technion, journalist Carl Alpert reports that the institute's spokesman answered these inquiries by arguing that the site's architects were building not just for the present, but for the future, when peace is established in the Middle East. The Technion would then become a regional technology center, welcoming students from all the neighboring countries, who in turn would contribute to improving the standard of living in their own countries.

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Utopian or successful words? In 1944, the Egyptian Minister of Science visited the institute to foster Israeli-Egyptian cooperation in the IT sector. In 1995, intellectual curiosity once again bridges the gap between Israel and its neighbors. A Palestinian delegation of experts in agriculture (PARC) and hydrology (PHG) set off to discover the Technion. The shift towards scientific collaboration seemed to be on the horizon. But beyond the purely scientific, the concord is inscribed in a tangible architectural project. Such is the thinking of Madjad el Humud. In 1997, the Jordanian architect spent ten days on campus as part of a construction mission: "I didn't come to talk about peace, but to materialize it".

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What's the situation today ?

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The number of Arab students enrolled at Technion has more than tripled over the past decade, rising from 7% in 2010 to 22% in 2020. Of these, 60% are women. Since 2006, the NAM program promoting excellence among Arab youth has been fully committed to boosting these figures. Thanks to intensive training in mathematics, physics, English and Hebrew, NAM offers enrollees the chance to succeed in their academic careers and gain access to selective positions in leading Israeli companies such as Intel, TEVA and Check Point.

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Diplomatic relations have always followed the pace of progress. In 1996, the British Technion Society presented King Hussein of Jordan with the Winston Churchill Award for his contribution to the cause of peace in the Middle East. Accepting the prize to thunderous applause, the monarch, moved, regarded the assembly with intensity and delivered his speech.

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“Technion has been a beacon of learning in our region, we are aware of its great achievements. Our borders are guarded by our people, working together to ensure that peace is protected for all the times to come. To those who continue to oppose peace, who continue to oppose life, who continue to oppose light, I hope that all their attempts to destroy what we have built will fail.” - Hussein de Jordanie

May his wish be granted.

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Sources :

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Carl Alpert (1982), The Story Of Israel's Institute Of Technology, American Technion Soc.

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https://www.technion.ac.il/en/history-of-the-technion/

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https://technionuk.org/about-technion-uk/

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https://www.technionfrance.org/news/larchitecte-de-letat-disrael

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https://fr.timesofisrael.com/au-technion-la-qualite-de-lenseignement-et-non-la-discrimination-positive-fait-tripler-le-nombre-detudiants-arabes/

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https://www.timesofisrael.com/israels-rewalk-snaps-up-alterg-for-19-million-in-profitability-push/

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https://fr.timesofisrael.com/3-universites-israeliennes-progressent-dans-le-prestigieux-classement-de-shanghai/

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https://www.gtiit.edu.cn/en/einstein.aspx

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Saudi Arabia, traditionally known for its abundant oil resources, is transforming itself at remarkable speed...

Saudi Arabia is positioning itself as an emerging leader in the air transport sector

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A strategic vision that drives change

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The Vision 2030 initiative, launched by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, is at the heart of the country's transformation. This plan aims to diversify the Saudi economy and reduce its dependence on oil, by placing the kingdom's technological sovereignty at the heart of its strategy. With this in mind, the development of the air transport sector has been one of the priorities. In the same vein, improving transport infrastructure and increasing airport capacity are among the key objectives of Vision 2030.

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To achieve this vision, Saudi Arabia has invested heavily in modernizing and expanding its airport infrastructure. The recently renovated King Abdulaziz International Airport in Jeddah is a very interesting example. This ultramodern hub, with its cutting-edge facilities and increased capacity, is destined to become one of the region's major transit centers. Similar expansion projects are underway at Riyadh's King Khalid International Airport and Dammam Airport.

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A top-class fleet

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The national airline Saudia Airlines, as well as the new Riyadh Air, are committed to modernizing their fleets. A few days ago, Saudia Airlines announced a landmark order for 105 Airbus A320neo aircraft, worth $9.13 billion, while the Saudi Public Investment Fund has ordered 78 Boeing 787 Dreamliners, with a further 43 as options, for a total value of $22.8 billion. These new aircraft will enable the companies to better compete with other major Gulf airlines such as Emirates and Qatar Airways.

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The purpose of this development

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These enormous sums of money raise the question of the kingdom's intended purpose. One answer is to emphasize that the improved air infrastructure is designed to boost tourism and business. With the opening of new international routes and the facilitation of visa policies, Saudi Arabia hopes to attract 100 million annual visitors by 2030.

Projects such as NEOM, a futuristic city currently under development, and Al-Ula, a spectacular archaeological site, are at the heart of this ambitious tourism strategy.

In addition to tourism, the country's objective is to build up a strong logistics capacity in order to develop its air freight business. The development of the air fleet is accompanied by the deployment of airfreight centers, and the integration of cutting-edge technologies to manage supply chains is aimed at facilitating global trade.

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Strategic competition with Turkey

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Saudi Arabia is not alone in its quest to dominate air transport in the Middle East. Turkey, with its national airline Turkish Airlines, has also established itself as a major player in the region. Turkish Airlines recently announced an order for 600 new aircraft to bring its fleet to 813, a strategic investment designed to reinforce its leadership position.

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The Turkish airline is counting on the quality of its offer, competitive prices and the advantageous geographical location of Istanbul, just three and a half hours from Paris. In April 2024, Turkish Airlines reported impressive financial results, with a net profit of 5.52 billion euros, outperforming European rivals such as Air France-KLM, IAG (the parent company of British Airways), and Lufthansa.

Competition between Saudi Arabia and Turkey is reflected in a race for investment and innovation, as each country seeks to attract a greater share of international air traffic.

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Thanks to strategic investments and a long-term vision, Saudi Arabia is gradually becoming an established leader in the air transport sector. This transformation is positioning the kingdom as a hub for trade, tourism and technological innovation.

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Sources :

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https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2024/05/20/l-arabie-saoudite-s-affirme-comme-un-acteur-incontournable-du-transport-aerien_6234457_3234.html

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https://www.touleco.fr/L-Arabie-Saoudite-commande-105-Airbus-et-s-affirme-comme-un,42286

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https://www.lefigaro.fr/societes/un-accord-historique-commande-record-de-105-avions-airbus-par-la-compagnie-saoudienne-saudia-20240520

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The AlUla project is at the heart of the Saudi kingdom's ambitions for development and reform, as it aims to make..

AlAlula: How Saudi Arabia is committing to protect and open up its heritage

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An exceptional archaeological and natural site

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Nestling at the entrance to a desert valley, surrounded by ochre and red sandstone massifs and verdant oases, lies the ancient caravan city of Hegra. Hydraulic systems, sanctuaries, the monumental necropolis of Madâin Sâlih carved out of the rock, palm groves as far as the eye can see...

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All these vestiges bear witness, in an area the size of Belgium, to a fascinating and little-known history: that of the Nabataean civilization, whose kingdom extended from Sinai to the western shore of the Red Sea.

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At the crossroads of the routes linking Egypt, Mesopotamia and the eastern shores of the Mediterranean, Petra's little sister developed and grew rich thanks to the harnessing of its groundwater and the trade in frankincense and myrrh.

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A neighbor of the kingdom of Judea, which suffered a similar fate - Roman annexation and obliteration through a change of name - the Nabataean kingdom finally disappeared in the 2nd century AD. The emergence of Islam in the 6th century eclipsed Hegra in favor of Medina, which emerged as a cultural and religious center, attracting pilgrims alongside Mecca. The Saudi monarchy, guardian of the holy cities, kept the site's existence a secret for centuries.

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In 2008, by classifying the site as a World Heritage Site (the country's first), UNESCO recognized its outstanding environmental and cultural value. As part of its partnership with the UN agency, the monarchy is committed to sharing its archaeological and epigraphic heritage with the scientific community, inviting academics and archaeologists from all over the world to study the open-air library of inscriptions on the cliffs and rocks of Jabal Ikmah.

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Partly financed by a dedicated royal commission, a vast conservation and research project has unearthed the gradual evolution of Nabataean languages towards Classical Arabic, providing a better understanding of the linguistic and civilizational exchanges of the period. As a result, local and global populations are invited to reconnect with a whole part of the memory of the pre-Islamic Arab world.

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“The Wonder of Arabia” as an emblem of Vision 2030

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AlUla is at the heart of the monarchy's ambitions for modernization and economic reform. It is an integral part of "Vision 2030", promoted by Crown Prince Mohamed Ben Salman, and is both a flagship project and a key lever for moving away from dependence on oil, by focusing on a new, secular and international-oriented tourism.

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In 2018, Saudi Arabia and France signed their first intergovernmental agreement on the creation of an agency specifically dedicated to the cultural and tourism development of AlUla: Afula.

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According to Afula, the aim is to "invent a new tourist experience, faithful to the hospitality of the Arab world, at once cultural (archaeological trails, museums), sensory (discovery of grandiose landscapes, the desert, the oasis) and authentic (in contact with local culture)", while making sustainable development its cornerstone: "AlUla aspires to become(...) a benchmark project in sustainable development, focused on the absolute preservation of the environment, respectful of history, territories and inclusive of the local population."

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‍Indeed, climate change has had an impact on the site's original biodiversity, as evidenced by the giraffes, lions and ostriches engraved on some of the tombs: species that are now extinct.

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The Sharaan (a luxury hotel designed by the architect Jean Nouvel, who has already proved his worth with the Louvre Abu Dhabi), artists' residences, the rehabilitation of the medina abandoned in the 1980s, a contemporary art museum in partnership with the Centre Pompidou, archaeological missions, innovative and environmentally friendly transport, the hosting of business delegations...

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So many titanic achievements and ambitions planned for the coming years. AlUla is not just an emblem whose potential serves national outreach and soft power. By mobilizing a wide range of committed players in favor of its rebirth, not only is the "Wonder of Arabia" an example of cooperation and transmission, but also an inspiration for both the region and humanity.

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Sources :

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AlUla, le trésor archéologique méconnu de l'Arabie saoudite.

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La Renaissance d’Alula

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L’Agence française pour le développement d’AlUla.

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AlUla, l'oasis aux 7000 ans d'histoire.

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Sharaan : Un projet hôtelier inédit par l’architecte français Jean Nouvel dans le désert d’Al-Ula.

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Preserving Documentary Heritage in AlUla.

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Documentary Heritage in AlUla.

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As the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries strive to become a knowledge and economic powerhouse, investing in

The emergence of Gulf higher education institutions as world leaders

In the last few years more funds and resources are being invested, which is reflected in the international rankings and reputation of the Gulf academic institutions. Saudi Arabia and the UAE continuing to be regional leaders in higher education as they attract more talented people interested in pursuing higher education abroad.

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Eighty-four universities from fifteen Arab nations were ranked in the QS World University Rankings for 2024 last year. With the release of the QS 2024 subject rankings last month, the upward trend in STEM subject rankings at Saudi and Emirati universities—which has been noticeable for the past few years—became even more evident.

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Academics and students continue to favour Gulf universities in 2024. According to the ranking, two universities in Saudi Arabia are among the top 200 in the world, while two universities in the UAE rose to the top 300. Particularly for engineering and other STEM fields, Saudi Arabia's higher education system is becoming a dominant force in the Arab world.

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Petroleum and Mineral Engineering at King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM) were among the two engineering subjects that were ranked in the top 10 globally with the release of the new QS ranks. King Abdulaziz University, which was ranked #143 in the world and is quickly rising to prominence in the Middle East, offers top STEM programs in math, engineering, and life sciences.

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This is a significant accomplishment for Saudi Arabia, which is carrying out its Vision 2030 education reform initiatives, which are linked to economic expansion. the UAE is also a significant force of higher education and has top-ranked subjects. One noteworthy accomplishment is the Emirates Academy of Hospitality Management, which has an exceptional rating in the academic reputation category and is ranked 9th in the world for hospitality and leisure management.

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GCC countries increase their educational spending

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In 2023, three of the six GCC countries planned to spend more than 15% of their state budget on education. In recent years, GCC countries have prioritised investment in education. Qatar and the UAE even have American university campuses, including Northwestern, Insead, London Business School NYU, and Michigan State.

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In 2021, all council countries saw an increase in student enrolment, with Saudi Arabia and Kuwait showing only a marginal increase and the UAE leading the way with the largest jump. Despite increasing student enrolment, the region's average student-teacher ratio remains low.

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In summary, the GCC countries are investing more in education and are showing up more prominently in global rankings, both of which point to significant progress in higher education.

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As a result, Gulf universities are becoming more well-known and prestigious throughout the world and attracting international students and researchers. Moreover, the region's commitment to promoting economic growth and reducing its carbon footprint is evident in its investments in higher education, which is generating a greater number of skilled workers for its economy.

QS Top Universities, 2024.

Sources :

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Statista Research Department, 2024.

Vision 2030, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

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The MENA region is a major player in the oil industry, accounting for a significant share of global fossil fuel ...

Reducing dependence on hydrocarbons: an essential challenge for MENA countries

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The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has a population of over 450 million, with only 1⁄4 of Europe's GDP. In a world region that is still young but evolving and advancing very fast, the progressive exit from hydrocarbons is far from being an empty thought.

The main reason for the efforts of the region's countries arises from a double observation: hydrocarbons are limited in quantity available, and these will be particularly impacted by the effects of climate change.

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The depletion of oil reserves and increasing energy demand

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As previously introduced, oil reserves are limited and global energy demand continues to grow significantly. According to estimates by the International Energy Agency (IEA), proven oil reserves in the MENA region currently stand at around 830 billion barrels.

This represents around 48% of the world's oil reserves. However, these reserves are not limitless, and are decreasing as they are exploited. Meanwhile, global demand for energy continues to grow, driven by urbanization, population growth and economic development.

According to the IEA, global energy demand will increase by around 25% by 2040, driven mainly by emerging and developing economies. The economic shift is therefore essential, and countries in the MENA region, such as Saudi Arabia, which has developed notably thanks to oil, under the leadership of MBS and the vision 2030 plan, have understood this perfectly.

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Economic growth driven by the transition to renewable energies

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Countries in the MENA region have taken concrete steps to reduce their dependence on hydrocarbons and promote energy transition. One of the first pillars is massive investment in renewable energies. For example, the United Arab Emirates has committed itself to an ambitious energy transition by launching the Masdar project, Abu Dhabi's future energy company.

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Masdar develops and invests in renewable and green technologies, including solar energy, wind power and water management. The aim is to create a sustainable economy and make the United Arab Emirates a world leader in green energy. Another example of economic diversification is Saudi Arabia, which has launched the "Vision 2030" initiative to reduce its dependence on oil revenues.

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As part of this initiative, the country has set ambitious targets for renewable energies, including the construction of large-scale solar and wind farms. On the same subject, Morocco is a remarkable example of the region's commitment to renewable energies. The country inaugurated the Noor solar power plant in Ouarzazate, the world's largest concentrated solar power plant, which will cover an area of over 3,000 hectares and generate megawatts of electricity. Meanwhile, Egypt has also invested in wind power with the Gabal El Zayt wind farm, one of Africa's largest wind power projects.

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MENA countries are actively investing in the research and development of advanced energy technologies. They are setting up innovation and research centers dedicated to renewable energies, and developing international partnerships to accelerate the adoption of sustainable energy solutions. Reducing dependence on fossil fuels is now a crucial necessity for MENA countries. The energy transition represents both a necessity and a major opportunity for the region to shape a more sustainable future for its inhabitants and future generations.

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Award-winning Iranian director Mohammad Rasoulof made his mark at Cannes 2024 with his latest film, Les Graines ...

Mohammad Rasoulof, the triumph of an Iranian filmmaker in Cannes

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A courageous escape

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Sentenced to eight years in prison for "colluding against national security", Rasoulof chose exile. Crossing the mountains on foot, he escaped the regime's surveillance to join his daughter in Germany. Despite the absence of a passport, he was able to reach Cannes thanks to an agreement between Berlin and Paris.

His presence at the festival is a powerful testimony to his unwavering commitment to freedom of expression.

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A declaration of love to freedom

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Les Graines du figuier sauvage is a powerful political thriller. The film explores the life of an investigating judge caught up in the storm of protests in Tehran, reflecting the internal struggles and moral dilemmas of Iranians under a theocratic regime. Despite a running time of over 2 hours 45 minutes, the film maintains a captivating emotional intensity from start to finish.

At the press screening, the film was warmly acclaimed, and the audience's reception on the steps was no less enthusiastic. Accompanied by his daughter Baran and exiled actress Golshifteh Farahani, Rasoulof left a strong impression.

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A Special Jury Prize

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On May 25, Rasoulof received a Special Jury Prize, symbolizing support for oppressed Iranian artists. In accepting the award, he paid tribute to his team in Iran, who remain under constant pressure. He emotionally declared:

"Allow me to spare a thought for all the members of my team who are not with me to celebrate this award. My cinematographer, a number of technicians, who are under a lot of pressure. My heart is with them above all".

He also expressed his solidarity with his people: and wished to "salute all those young women whose boundless courage made this film possible".

"My people live every day under a regime that has taken them hostage".

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A filmmaker symbolizing courage and engagement

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Since his debut with Gagooman (2002), Rasoulof has become known for his social and political criticism. Influenced by the renowned Iranian director Abbas Kiarostami, he has always sought to reveal the intricacies of the Iranian system. His works, such as La Vie sur l'eau (2005) and Le Diable n'existe pas (2020), winner of the Golden Bear in Berlin, denounce corruption and oppression.

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Despite the difficulties of making his voice heard, Rasoulof remains determined. He envisions a future where he can diversify his engagement, but for now, he continues to stand up against Iran's theocracy through his art. His presence at Cannes is not only a personal triumph, but also a powerful message of resistance.

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Mohammad Rasoulof embodies the Iranian struggle for artistic and political freedom. His career and his work at the Cannes 2024 Festival are a reminder of the importance of militating for a future in which democracy and freedom will lead Iran, and more broadly, the Middle East.

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Source :

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https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2024/05/24/mohammad-rasoulof-cineaste-en-cavale-au-festival-de-cannes_6235247_3246.html

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https://www.midilibre.fr/2024/05/25/festival-de-cannes-2024-et-si-la-palme-dor-allait-au-film-iranien-realise-par-le-dissident-mohammad-rasolof-11972145.php

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https://information.tv5monde.com/culture/cannes-prix-special-du-jury-au-cineaste-mohammad-rasoulof-qui-fui-liran-2723296#:~:text=Le%20cin%C3%A9aste%20iranien%20Mohammad%20Rasoulof,clandestinement%20le%20r%C3%A9gime%20des%20mollahs.

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In 2024, over 4 billion people will vote in 68 different countries. This year marks an unprecedented moment in ...

Democracy for a new world

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A new air is emerging in Turkey

Turkey is a country of over 85 million inhabitants at the junction of Europe and the Middle East, offering it a highly advantageous geo-strategic position. In this country ruled with an iron fist by Erdoğan, the 2024 municipal elections marked a major turning point in the political dynamic, revealing an opposition capable of achieving major victories in historically loyal strongholds to the ruling party. The Republican People's Party (CHP), the main opposition party, won victories notably in Istanbul (Erdoğan's stronghold) and Ankara, the country's two largest cities.

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This election is a major setback for President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, in power for 10 years, and his party, the AKP (Islamo-conservative), which has dominated Turkish politics since 2002. The implications of these municipal results are profound, as in the next presidential elections, Ekrem Imamoglu, the mayor of Istanbul and Erdoğan's main opponent, could emerge as a serious contender. What's more, this regime change could profoundly alter Turkey's international relations, notably with the European Union and the United States, and the management of regional crises such as those in Syria, Armenia or Iraq.

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In Iran, a breath of democracy on the embers of revolt

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2400 km from Istanbul, in Teheran, the 2024 parliamentary elections took place against a very tense social scene. Indeed, the election saw an unsurprising victory for the conservatives. Nevertheless, the Iranian people largely boycotted the elections to demonstrate their deep anger at the current theocratic regime. The double election to elect 290 deputies and 88 members of the Assembly of Experts mobilized just 41% of voters. This was the lowest participation rate since the 1979 revolution!

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Conservatives, supporting the government of President Ebrahim Raissi, remain heavily represented in Parliament. This domination is a sign that, despite internal crises, notably the protest movements triggered by the tragic death of Mahsa Amini in 2022, the regime continues to maintain an iron grip on Iranian politics and fiercely repress protest movements. This election could also have important implications for Iran's political future, particularly with regard to the Assembly of Experts, which is responsible for appointing the Supreme Leader and preparing Ayatollah Ali Khamenei's succession at the age of 84.

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However, although the conservatives maintain control, the low participation and high number of blank votes are a direct expression of a questioning of the legitimacy of parliament and, by extension, of the regime itself! In Iran, under this regime, what counts is not so much the results of the votes as what they represent: a growing gap between the population and the rulers. So, at a time when the region is more unstable than ever, and Iran is multiplying its provocations and attacks, the Iranian people are undoubtedly one of the main ways out of the current regional crisis..

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The United States has its destiny in its own hands

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The American presidential elections in November 2024 are crucial for the future of democracy in the United States and for international stability, particularly in the Middle East. For several years now, the United States has been trying to increase its influence in the Middle East through military and trade agreements, while maintaining a historically close relationship with Israel. The forthcoming presidential elections will determine the impact that the policies of the world's leading economic and military power will have on this region.

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In general, Biden favors multilateralism and international cooperation, and would like the United States to return to a more traditional approach to foreign policy by reducing direct military involvement in the region, such as the withdrawal from Afghanistan. Trump, on the other hand, has a different vision. His "America First" policy has encouraged a withdrawal from international agreements and global organizations, such as the Vienna Accords. In addition, he has fostered strong relations with Israel, recognizing Jerusalem as its capital and promoting the Abraham Accords between Israel and several Arab countries, while adopting a tough stance against Iran.

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2024 is and will be an unprecedented election year, marking a significant period of transition for global democracy. These elections, covering diverse geopolitical contexts from Turkey to Iran, and all the way to the United States, are not only a measure of the state of democracy in these countries, but also pivotal moments for international relations and stability in the Middle East.

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Sources :

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https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2024/01/06/2024-annee-electorale-record_6209359_3210.html

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https://fr.statista.com/infographie/31636/carte-des-pays-avec-des-elections-nationales-en-2024/

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https://www.courrierinternational.com/grand-format/infographie-quels-pays-votent-en-2024-et-quand-votent-ils

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https://www.lesechos.fr/monde/enjeux-internationaux/elections-aux-etats-unis-russie-ue-ces-8-scrutins-de-2024-qui-pourraient-tout-changer-dans-le-monde-2043828

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https://www.lesechos.fr/monde/enjeux-internationaux/2024-lannee-de-tous-les-scrutins-2044449

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